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Article ; Online: Normal development in Ambystoma mexicanum: A complementary staging table for the skull based on Alizarin red S staining.

Atkins, Jade B / Houle, Laurent / Cantelon, Alanna S / Maddin, Hillary C

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

2020 Volume 249, Issue 5, Page(s) 656–665

Abstract: Background: As the role of Ambystoma mexicanum, or the Mexican axolotl, expands in research applications beyond its traditional use in studies of limb regeneration, a staging table that is more anatomically extensive is required. Here, we describe ... ...

Abstract	Background: As the role of Ambystoma mexicanum, or the Mexican axolotl, expands in research applications beyond its traditional use in studies of limb regeneration, a staging table that is more anatomically extensive is required. Here, we describe axolotl skull development as it relates to previously established developmental stages that were based on limb development. Results: We find that most key developmental events in the skull correspond to these previously established stages, creating easily recognizable stages of axolotl throughout skull morphogenesis. Conclusions: With this complementary staging table in hand, researchers can stage axolotl larvae when limb data are missing or incomplete, or when cranial data alone is available.
MeSH term(s)	Ambystoma mexicanum ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; Extremities ; Regeneration ; Skull ; Staining and Labeling
Chemical Substances	Anthraquinones ; Alizarin Red S (3F3AT0Q12H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1102541-4
ISSN	1097-0177 ; 1058-8388
ISSN (online)	1097-0177
ISSN	1058-8388
DOI	10.1002/dvdy.152
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Article ; Online: The interglenoid tubercle of the atlas is ancestral to lissamphibians.

Korneisel, Dana E / Hassan, Sara / Maddin, Hillary C

Evolution & development

2023 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) e12466

Abstract: Lissamphibians, represented today by frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, diverged deep in the tetrapod tree of life. Extensive morphological adaptations to disparate lifestyles have made linking extant lissamphibians to one another and to their extinct ... ...

Abstract	Lissamphibians, represented today by frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, diverged deep in the tetrapod tree of life. Extensive morphological adaptations to disparate lifestyles have made linking extant lissamphibians to one another and to their extinct relatives difficult and controversial. However, the discovery of a feature on the atlas of the frog Xenopus laevis, may add to the small set of osteological traits that unite lissamphibians. In this study, we combine our observations of atlas development in X. laevis with a deep examination of atlantal interglenoid tubercle (TI) occurrence in fossil taxa. The TI is shown herein to occur transiently on the ossifying atlas of roughly one-third of X. laevis tadpoles but is absent in adults of this species. In ancestral character state estimations (ACSE), within the evolutionary context of lissamphibians as dissorophoid temnospondyls, this feature is found to be ancestrally shared among lissamphibians, its presence is uncertain in stem batrachians, and then the TI is lost in extant caecilians and frogs. However, our data suggests apparent TI loss around the origin of frogs may be explained by its ontogenetically transient nature. The only nonamphibian tetrapods with a TI are "microsaurs," and this similarity is interpreted as one of many convergences that resulted from convergent evolutionary processes that occurred in the evolution of "microsaurs" and lissamphibians. The TI is thus interpreted to be ancestral to lissamphibians as it is found to be present in some form throughout each extant lissamphibian clade's history.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Phylogeny ; Urodela ; Anura/anatomy & histology ; Fossils
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2020288-X
ISSN	1525-142X ; 1520-541X
ISSN (online)	1525-142X
ISSN	1520-541X
DOI	10.1111/ede.12466
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Article: Joermungandr bolti

Mann, Arjan / Calthorpe, Ami S / Maddin, Hillary C

Royal Society open science

2021 Volume 8, Issue 7, Page(s) 210319

Abstract: The Carboniferous Pennsylvanian-aged (309-307 Ma) Mazon Creek Lagerstätte produces some of the earliest fossils of major Palaeozoic tetrapod lineages. Recently, several new tetrapod specimens collected from Mazon Creek have come to light, including the ... ...

Abstract	The Carboniferous Pennsylvanian-aged (309-307 Ma) Mazon Creek Lagerstätte produces some of the earliest fossils of major Palaeozoic tetrapod lineages. Recently, several new tetrapod specimens collected from Mazon Creek have come to light, including the earliest fossorially adapted recumbirostrans. Here, we describe a new long-bodied recumbirostran,
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.210319
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Article ; Online: Joermungandr bolti , an exceptionally preserved ‘microsaur’ from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte reveals patterns of integumentary evolution in Recumbirostra

Arjan Mann / Ami S. Calthorpe / Hillary C. Maddin

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 8, Iss

2021 Volume 7

Abstract: The Carboniferous Pennsylvanian-aged (309–307 Ma) Mazon Creek Lagerstätte produces some of the earliest fossils of major Palaeozoic tetrapod lineages. Recently, several new tetrapod specimens collected from Mazon Creek have come to light, including the ... ...

Abstract	The Carboniferous Pennsylvanian-aged (309–307 Ma) Mazon Creek Lagerstätte produces some of the earliest fossils of major Palaeozoic tetrapod lineages. Recently, several new tetrapod specimens collected from Mazon Creek have come to light, including the earliest fossorially adapted recumbirostrans. Here, we describe a new long-bodied recumbirostran, Joermungandr bolti gen. et sp. nov., known from a single part and counterpart concretion bearing a virtually complete skeleton. Uniquely, Joermungandr preserves a full suite of dorsal, flank and ventral dermal scales, together with a series of thinned and reduced gastralia. Investigation of these scales using scanning electron microscopy reveals ultrastructural ridge and pit morphologies, revealing complexities comparable to the scale ultrastructure of extant snakes and fossorial reptiles, which have scales modified for body-based propulsion and shedding substrate. Our new taxon also represents an important early record of an elongate recumbirostran bauplan, wherein several features linked to fossoriality, including a characteristic recumbent snout, are present. We used parsimony phylogenetic methods to conduct phylogenetic analysis using the most recent recumbirostran-focused matrix. The analysis recovers Joermungandr within Recumbirostra with likely affinities to the sister clades Molgophidae and Brachystelechidae. Finally, we review integumentary patterns in Recumbirostra, noting reductions and losses of gastralia and osteoderms associated with body elongation and, thus, probably also associated with increased fossoriality.
Keywords	integumentary evolution ; Recumbirostra ; Carboniferous ; Mazon Creek ; scale ultrastructure ; Amniota ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Normal development in Xenopus laevis: A complementary staging table for the skull based on cartilage and bone.

MacKenzie, Erin M / Atkins, Jade B / Korneisel, Dana E / Cantelon, Alanna S / McKinnell, Iain W / Maddin, Hillary C

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

2022 Volume 251, Issue 8, Page(s) 1340–1356

Abstract: Background: Xenopus laevis is a widely used model organism in the fields of genetics and development, and more recently evolution. At present, the most widely used staging table for X. laevis is based primarily on external features and does not describe ...

Abstract	Background: Xenopus laevis is a widely used model organism in the fields of genetics and development, and more recently evolution. At present, the most widely used staging table for X. laevis is based primarily on external features and does not describe the corresponding skull development in detail. Here, we describe skull development in X. laevis, complete with labeled figures, for each relevant stage in the most widely used staging table. Results: We find skull development in X. laevis is, for the most part, distinct at each of the previously established stages based on external anatomy. However, variation does exist in the timing of onset of ossification of certain bones in the skull, which results in a range of stages where a skull element first ossifies. The overall sequence of ossification is less variable than the timing of ossification onset. Conclusions: While events in skull development vary somewhat between specimens, and in comparison, to external events, this staging table is useful in showing both when bones first appear and for documenting the range of temporal variance in X. laevis skull development more accurately than previously done. Furthermore, when only skull data are available, the approximate stage of a specimen can now be determined.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cartilage ; Head ; Osteogenesis ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Xenopus laevis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1102541-4
ISSN	1097-0177 ; 1058-8388
ISSN (online)	1097-0177
ISSN	1058-8388
DOI	10.1002/dvdy.465
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Article: Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus: the US FDA public health advisory.

Maddin, S

Skin therapy letter

2005 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 1–3

MeSH term(s)	Administration, Topical ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Tacrolimus/administration & dosage ; Tacrolimus/adverse effects ; Tacrolimus/analogs & derivatives ; Tacrolimus/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
Chemical Substances	Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pimecrolimus (7KYV510875) ; Tacrolimus (WM0HAQ4WNM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-05
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2065394-3
ISSN	1201-5989
ISSN	1201-5989
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Article ; Online: A Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis of Pinniped Phylogeny and the Possibility of Parallel Evolution Within a Monophyletic Framework

Ryan S. Paterson / Natalia Rybczynski / Naoki Kohno / Hillary C. Maddin

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol

2020 Volume 7

Abstract: In the present study, a series of phylogenetic analyses of morphological, molecular, and combined morphological-molecular datasets were conducted to investigate the relationships of 23 extant and 44 fossil caniforme genera, in order to test the ... ...

Abstract	In the present study, a series of phylogenetic analyses of morphological, molecular, and combined morphological-molecular datasets were conducted to investigate the relationships of 23 extant and 44 fossil caniforme genera, in order to test the phylogenetic position of putative stem pinniped Puijila within a comprehensive evolutionary framework. With Canis as an outgroup, a Bayesian Inference analysis employing tip-dating of a combined molecular-morphological (i.e., Total Evidence) dataset recovered a topology in which musteloids are the sister group to a monophyletic pinniped clade, to the exclusion of ursids, and recovered Puijila and Potamotherium along the stem of Pinnipedia. A similar topology was recovered in a parsimony analysis of the same dataset. These results suggest the pinniped stem may be expanded to include additional fossil arctoid taxa, including Puijila, Potamotherium, and Kolponomos. The tip-dating analysis suggested a divergence time between pinnipeds and musteloids of ~45.16 million years ago (Ma), though a basal split between otarioids and phocids is not estimated to occur until ~26.52 Ma. These results provide further support for prolonged freshwater and nearshore phases in the evolution of pinnipeds, prior to the evolution of the extreme level of aquatic adaptation displayed by extant taxa. Ancestral character state reconstruction was used to investigate character evolution, to determine the frequency of reversals and parallelisms characterizing the three extant clades within Pinnipedia. Although the phylogenetic analyses did not directly provide any evidence of parallel evolution within the pinniped extant families, it is apparent from the inspection of previously-proposed pinniped synapomorphies, within the context of a molecular-based phylogenetic framework, that many traits shared between extant pinnipeds have arisen independently in the three clades. Notably, those traits relating to homodonty and limb-bone specialization for aquatic locomotion appear to have multiple origins within the crown group, as suggested by the retention of the plesiomorphic conditions in early-diverging fossil members of the three extant families. Thus, while the present analysis identifies a new suite of morphological synapomorphies for Pinnipedia, the frequency of reversals and other homoplasies within the clade limit their diagnostic value.
Keywords	total evidence dating ; pinniped ; phylogenetic analysis ; aquatic adaptation ; parallel evolution ; Evolution ; QH359-425 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: US FDA Advisory Committee meetings held to discuss isotretinoin, safety issues and a new accutane formulation.

Maddin, S

Skin therapy letter

2000 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 5

MeSH term(s)	Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Isotretinoin/adverse effects ; Isotretinoin/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
Chemical Substances	Isotretinoin (EH28UP18IF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2000
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2065394-3
ISSN	1201-5989
ISSN	1201-5989
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Article: A comparison of topical azelaic acid 20% cream and topical metronidazole 0.75% cream in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea.

Maddin, S

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

1999 Volume 40, Issue 6 Pt 1, Page(s) 961–965

Abstract: Background: Although it is important for physicians to have sufficient clinical data on which to base treatment decisions, little comparative data exist regarding newer treatment modalities for rosacea.: Objective: The goal of the study was to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although it is important for physicians to have sufficient clinical data on which to base treatment decisions, little comparative data exist regarding newer treatment modalities for rosacea. Objective: The goal of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of topical azelaic acid 20% cream and topical metronidazole 0.75% cream in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea. Parameters of patient satisfaction to treatment were also assessed. Methods: Forty patients with the clinical manifestation of symmetric facial rosacea were investigated in this single-center, double-blind, randomized, contralateral split-face comparison clinical trial. Results: After 15 weeks of treatment, both azelaic acid and metronidazole induced significant, albeit equal reductions in the number of inflammatory lesions (pustules and papules). A significantly higher physician rating of global improvement was achieved with azelaic acid. Changes in the rosacea signs and symptoms of dryness, burning, telangiectasia, and itching were equal between treatments. A reduction in erythema tended toward significance with azelaic acid at week 15. A trace amount of stinging on application was noted with azelaic acid; however, such discomfort did not appear to concern patients because their overall impression of azelaic acid was superior to that of metronidazole. Conclusion: Azelaic acid 20% cream provides an effective and safe alternative to metronidazole 0.75% cream with the added benefit of increased patient satisfaction.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Topical ; Adult ; Aged ; Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage ; Dermatologic Agents/adverse effects ; Dicarboxylic Acids/administration & dosage ; Dicarboxylic Acids/adverse effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Metronidazole/administration & dosage ; Metronidazole/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Ointments ; Patient Satisfaction ; Rosacea/drug therapy ; Rosacea/pathology
Chemical Substances	Dermatologic Agents ; Dicarboxylic Acids ; Ointments ; Metronidazole (140QMO216E) ; azelaic acid (F2VW3D43YT)
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603641-7
ISSN	1097-6787 ; 0190-9622
ISSN (online)	1097-6787
ISSN	0190-9622
DOI	10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70085-x
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Article ; Online: The Braincase and Endosseous Labyrinth of Plioplatecarpus peckensis (Mosasauridae, Plioplatecarpinae), With Functional Implications for Locomotor Behavior.

Cuthbertson, Robin S / Maddin, Hillary C / Holmes, Robert B / Anderson, Jason S

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)

2015 Volume 298, Issue 9, Page(s) 1597–1611

Abstract: Adaptations of mosasaurs to the aquatic realm have been extensively studied from the perspective of modifications to the post-cranial skeleton. In recent years, imaging techniques such as computed tomography have permitted the acquisition of anatomical ... ...

Abstract	Adaptations of mosasaurs to the aquatic realm have been extensively studied from the perspective of modifications to the post-cranial skeleton. In recent years, imaging techniques such as computed tomography have permitted the acquisition of anatomical data from previously inaccessible sources. An exquisitely preserved specimen of the plioplatecarpine mosasaur Plioplatecarpus peckensis presents an opportunity to examine the detailed structure of the braincase, as well as the form of the otic capsule endocast. These data elaborate upon previous descriptions of the braincase of Plioplatecarpus, and provide a detailed, three dimensional reconstruction of the osseous labyrinth for the first time. The otic capsule endocasts reveal that the size of the labyrinth relative to head size is comparable to that of other squamates, suggesting that labyrinth size was not a factor in increasing sensitivity. However, all three semicircular canals are tall and strongly arced to a degree comparable to, and even exceeding, that observed in arboreal and aquatic lizards. Comparison of the sensitivity of the canals in each of the three major axes of rotation suggests Plioplatecarpus peckensis may have been most sensitive to movements in the pitch axis. Although early mosasaurs were probably anguilliform swimmers, most are thought to have been subcarangiform to thunniform locomotors with a near-rigid body form and likely decreased maneuverability. The data from the labyrinth presented here add a potential new dimension to this model of locomotion for further consideration, wherein changes in orientation, such as pitch, may have been more common locomotor behaviors than previously thought.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Anatomic Landmarks ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Cephalometry/methods ; Diving ; Ear, Inner/anatomy & histology ; Ear, Inner/diagnostic imaging ; Ear, Inner/physiology ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lizards/anatomy & histology ; Lizards/physiology ; Models, Anatomic ; Motor Activity ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Skull/diagnostic imaging ; Skull/physiology ; Swimming ; X-Ray Microtomography
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2269667-2
ISSN	1932-8494 ; 1932-8486
ISSN (online)	1932-8494
ISSN	1932-8486
DOI	10.1002/ar.23180
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