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Book: Pharmacology of Drug Stereoisomers

Spasov, Alexander A. / Iezhitsa, Igor N. / Agarwal, Renu / Ozerov, Alexander A. / Vassiliev, Pavel M.

(Progress in Drug Research)

2022

Author's details	Dr. Alexander Alexeyevich Spasov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pharmacology at the Volgograd State Medical University, Vice-Director of the Volgograd Medical Research Center (Russian Federation). Dr. Igor Nikolayevich Iezhitsa, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor at Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, International Medical University (Malaysia) and Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics at the Volgograd State Medical University (Russian Federation). Dr. Pavel Mikhailovich Vassiliev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory for Information Technology in Pharmacology and Computer Modeling of Drugs for Research Center of Innovative Medicines, Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University (Russian Federation), Vice-Chairman of Russian section of the Cheminformatics and QSAR Society Dr. Alexander Ale
Series title	Progress in Drug Research
Keywords	chirality ; Stereochemistry ; stereopharmacokinetics ; stereopharmacodynamics ; Toxicity ; pharmacology ; stereochemistry ; toxicity
Language	English
Size	220 p.
Edition	1
Publisher	Springer Nature Singapore
Document type	Book
Note	PDA Manuell_16
Format	160 x 241 x 17
ISBN	9789811923197 ; 9811923191
Database	PDA

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Article ; Online: Genetic rodent models of glaucoma in representing disease phenotype and insights into the pathogenesis.

Agarwal, Renu / Iezhitsa, Igor

Molecular aspects of medicine

2023 Volume 94, Page(s) 101228

Abstract: Genetic rodent models are widely used in glaucoma related research. With vast amount of information revealed by human studies about genetic correlations with glaucoma, use of these models is relevant and required. In this review, we discuss the glaucoma ... ...

Abstract	Genetic rodent models are widely used in glaucoma related research. With vast amount of information revealed by human studies about genetic correlations with glaucoma, use of these models is relevant and required. In this review, we discuss the glaucoma endophenotypes and importance of their representation in an experimental animal model. Mice and rats are the most popular animal species used as genetic models due to ease of genetic manipulations in these animal species as well as the availability of their genomic information. With technological advances, induction of glaucoma related genetic mutations commonly observed in human is possible to achieve in rodents in a desirable manner. This approach helps to study the pathobiology of the disease process with the background of genetic abnormalities, reveals potential therapeutic targets and gives an opportunity to test newer therapeutic options. Various genetic manipulation leading to appearance of human relevant endophenotypes in rodents indicate their relevance in glaucoma pathology and the utility of these rodent models for exploring various aspects of the disease related to targeted mutation. The molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of glaucoma leading to elevated intraocular pressure and the disease hallmark, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve degeneration, have been extensively explored in genetic rodent models. In this review, we discuss the consequences of various genetic manipulations based on the primary site of pathology in the anterior or the posterior segment. We discuss how these genetic manipulations produce features in rodents that can be considered a close representation of disease phenotype in human. We also highlight several molecular mechanisms revealed by using genetic rodent models of glaucoma including those involved in increased aqueous outflow resistance, loss of retinal ganglion cells and optic neuropathy. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of the use of genetic rodent models in glaucoma related research.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Rodentia/genetics ; Intraocular Pressure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glaucoma/genetics ; Glaucoma/drug therapy ; Glaucoma/pathology ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197640-0
ISSN	1872-9452 ; 0098-2997
ISSN (online)	1872-9452
ISSN	0098-2997
DOI	10.1016/j.mam.2023.101228
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Article ; Online: Advances in targeting the extracellular matrix for glaucoma therapy: current updates.

Agarwal, Renu / Iezhitsa, Igor

Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

2023 Volume 27, Issue 12, Page(s) 1217–1229

Abstract: Introduction: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-recognized risk factor for development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Ocular hypertension is associated with excessive extracellular matrix ( ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-recognized risk factor for development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Ocular hypertension is associated with excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in trabecular meshwork (TM) resulting in increased aqueous outflow resistance and elevated IOP. Hence, therapeutic options targeting ECM remodeling in TM to lower IOP in glaucomatous eyes are of considerable importance. Areas covered: This paper discusses the complex process of ECM regulation in TM and explores promising therapeutic targets. The role of Transforming Growth Factor-β as a central player in ECM deposition in TM is discussed. We elaborate the key regulatory processes involved in its activation, release, signaling, and cross talk with other signaling pathways including Rho GTPase, Wnt, integrin, cytokines, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. Further, we summarize the therapeutic agents that have been explored to target ECM dysregulation in TM. Expert opinion: Targeting molecular pathways to reduce ECM deposition and/or enhance its degradation are of considerable significance for IOP lowering. Challenges lie in pinpointing specific targets and designing drug delivery systems to precisely interact with pathologically active/inactive signaling. Recent advances in monoclonal antibodies, fusion molecules, and vectored nanotechnology offer potential solutions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/metabolism ; Intraocular Pressure ; Glaucoma/drug therapy ; Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Aqueous Humor/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2055208-7
ISSN	1744-7631 ; 1472-8222
ISSN (online)	1744-7631
ISSN	1472-8222
DOI	10.1080/14728222.2023.2293748
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Article: Understanding uranium interactions with bismuth and lead-bismuth eutectic: Using calorimetric measurements

Agarwal, Renu

Thermochimica acta. 2021 May, v. 699

2021

Abstract: A clad breach in a nuclear reactor with metallic fuel and bismuth/lead coolant will result in direct interaction of U with Bi/Pb. In the present work, a high-temperature isothermal calorimetry was used to measure energy changes due to uranium ... ...

Abstract	A clad breach in a nuclear reactor with metallic fuel and bismuth/lead coolant will result in direct interaction of U with Bi/Pb. In the present work, a high-temperature isothermal calorimetry was used to measure energy changes due to uranium interactions with bismuth and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). Thermodynamic parameters of Bi-U system were estimated using different theoretical models. CALPHAD method was used to assess thermodynamic interaction parameters of Bi-U system. The ternary phase diagrams of Bi-Pb-U system were calculated using binary interaction parameters. The products formed due to uranium interactions with bismuth and LBE were identified using different experimental techniques. The calculated ternary diagrams were found to be in reasonable agreement with the present experimental analysis. It was found that an interaction of U with bismuth or LBE liquids resulted in the formation of Bi₂U compound. The uranium deficient compound of Pb-U system, Pb₃U, was not detected in the alloys formed by interaction of U with LBE, up to 13 at.% U.
Keywords	bismuth ; calorimetry ; energy ; lead ; thermodynamics ; uranium
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1500974-9
ISSN	0040-6031
ISSN	0040-6031
DOI	10.1016/j.tca.2021.178913
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Exploring the current use of animal models in glaucoma drug discovery: where are we in 2023?

Agarwal, Renu / Agarwal, Puneet / Iezhitsa, Igor

Expert opinion on drug discovery

2023 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) 1287–1300

Abstract: Introduction: Animal models are widely used in glaucoma-related research. Since the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor underlying the disease pathogenesis, animal models with high IOP are commonly used. However, models are also ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Animal models are widely used in glaucoma-related research. Since the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor underlying the disease pathogenesis, animal models with high IOP are commonly used. However, models are also used to represent the clinical context of glaucomatous changes developing despite a normal IOP. Areas covered: Herein, the authors discuss the various factors that contribute to the quality of studies using animal models based on the evaluation of studies published in 2022. The factors affecting the quality of studies using animal models, such as the animal species, age, and sex, are discussed, along with various methods and outcomes of studies involving different animal models of glaucoma. Expert opinion: Translating animal research data to clinical applications remains challenging. Our observations in this review clearly indicate that many studies lack scientific robustness not only in their experiment conduct but also in data analysis, interpretation, and presentation. In this context, ensuring the internal validity of animal studies is the first step in quality assurance. External validity, however, is more challenging, and steps should be taken to satisfy external validity at least to some extent.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Intraocular Pressure ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology ; Optic Nerve/pathology ; Glaucoma/drug therapy ; Glaucoma/pathology ; Models, Animal ; Drug Discovery ; Disease Models, Animal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2259618-5
ISSN	1746-045X ; 1746-0441
ISSN (online)	1746-045X
ISSN	1746-0441
DOI	10.1080/17460441.2023.2246892
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Article: Infections and Their Outcomes in Cancer Patients With and Without Neutropenia: A Single-Center Experience.

Mishra, Renu / Patel, Arpan / Agarwal, Ankit / Thaiyam, Dilshano / Thaiyam, Shehdil

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) e51983

Abstract: Background Patients with cancer are at a high risk of developing infections due to immunosuppression resulting from cancer treatment. Infections may occur both during neutropenic and non-neutropenic episodes and negatively impact outcomes both in terms ... ...

Abstract	Background Patients with cancer are at a high risk of developing infections due to immunosuppression resulting from cancer treatment. Infections may occur both during neutropenic and non-neutropenic episodes and negatively impact outcomes both in terms of hospital stay and mortality. In this study, we aimed to determine the infection types, microbiological picture of infections, their outcomes, and associated factors in cancer patients during neutropenic and non-neutropenic episodes. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Medical Oncology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in northern India. A total of 82 cancer patients with infections between August 2021 and July 2022 were included in this study. Results A total of 82 patients had 96 episodes of infections. Out of 82 patients, 24 (29.3%) had hematological malignancies, and 58 (70.7%) had solid malignancies. The majority of episodes (n = 60; 62.5%) were seen in patients with solid malignancies, and the rest (n = 36; 37.5%) of them were seen in patients with hematological malignancies. Among all the episodes of infection, 28 (29.2%) were encountered during neutropenic episodes, while the rest (n = 68; 70.8%) of the incidences were encountered during non-neutropenic episodes. Out of 28 neutropenic episodes of infection, the majority (n = 23; 82.1%) occurred in patients with hematological malignancies. An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of <500 cells/mm
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.51983
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Article ; Online: Tackling retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma: role of adenosine receptors.

Agarwal, Puneet / Agarwal, Renu

Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

2021 Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 585–596

Abstract: Introduction: The role of adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets for neuroprotection is now widely recognized. Their role, however, in protection against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in glaucoma needs further investigation. Hence, in this ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The role of adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets for neuroprotection is now widely recognized. Their role, however, in protection against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in glaucoma needs further investigation. Hence, in this review, we look into the possibility of adenosine receptors as potential therapeutic targets by exploring their role in modulating various pathophysiological mechanisms underlying glaucomatous RGC loss. Areas covered: This review presents a summary of the adenosine receptor distribution in retina and the cellular functions mediated by them. The major pathophysiological mechanisms such as excitotoxicity, vascular dysregulation, loss of neurotrophic signaling, and inflammatory responses involved in glaucomatous RGC loss are discussed. The literature showing the role of adenosine receptors in modulating these pathophysiological mechanisms is discussed. The literature search was conducted using Pubmed search engine using key words such as 'RGC apoptosis,' 'adenosine,' adenosine receptors' 'retina' 'excitotoxicity,' 'neurotrophins,' 'ischemia', and 'cytokines' individually and in various combinations. Expert opinion: Use of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists, for preservation of the RGCs in glaucomatous eyes independent of the level of intraocular pressure seems a very useful strategy. Future application of this strategy would require appropriate designing of drug formulation for tissue and disease-specific receptor targeting. Furthermore, the modulation of physiological functions and potential adverse effects need further investigations.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis ; Glaucoma/drug therapy ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/therapeutic use ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Purinergic P1
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2055208-7
ISSN	1744-7631 ; 1472-8222
ISSN (online)	1744-7631
ISSN	1472-8222
DOI	10.1080/14728222.2021.1969362
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Article ; Online: Spectrum of parasitic infections on fine-needle aspiration cytology presenting as superficial nodules

Zini Chaurasia / Swapnil Agarwal / Renu Gupta / Cheta Singh / Surbhi Jani

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 4, Pp 160-

A retrospective study of 5 years in a tertiary care hospital

2023 Volume 165

Abstract: Background: Parasitic infestations are very common in a developing nation like India. They may present as superficial nodules and are often either missed or misdiagnosed as other soft-tissue lesions. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Parasitic infestations are very common in a developing nation like India. They may present as superficial nodules and are often either missed or misdiagnosed as other soft-tissue lesions. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy, minimally invasive technique to detect, and diagnose these lesions. Parasitic infections are present in every age group with cysticercosis being the most common parasitic infestation. The present study highlights the role of cytology in diagnosing parasitic lesions and also analyzes the spectrum of these lesions in a tertiary care hospital. Aims and Objectives: This study was carried out to assess the spectrum of parasitic infestations in a tertiary care hospital of North West Delhi over 5 years (2015–2019). This was a retrospective and descriptive study done in the Department of Pathology, Dr. BSA Hospital, Delhi. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six cases out of a total of 15094 FNACs performed over 5 years (2015–2019) that were diagnosed as parasitic lesions on FNAC were included in our study. The records were retrieved, analyzed, and recorded. Clinical details were obtained from the FNAC requisition slips. Results: A total of 66/15094 FNACs conducted over 5 years were diagnosed as parasitic lesions. Fifty-seven cases of cysticercosis, six cases of filariasis, two cases of echinococcosis, and one case of toxoplasmosis were identified. Conclusion: As parasitic infections pose a problem in a developing country like ours; hence, early detection is always helpful and reduces the morbidity associated with it. Careful assessment of cytological material aspirated from superficial nodules can be very helpful in detecting parasites.
Keywords	parasitic infestations ; fine-needle aspiration cytology ; cysticercosis ; filariasis ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lipoid Pneumonia and Peritoneal Endometriosis

Zini Chaurasia / Renu Gupta / Swapnil Agarwal

National Journal of Laboratory Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 02, Pp 01-

Rare Incidental Findings on Autopsy

2022 Volume 03

Abstract: Lipoid pneumonia has been described in as early as 1925, by Laughlen GF, to be a rare variant of pneumonia caused by the inhalation of oil droplets. Around 50% of the patients with lipoid pneumonia are asymptomatic. Here, a case is presented where ... ...

Abstract	Lipoid pneumonia has been described in as early as 1925, by Laughlen GF, to be a rare variant of pneumonia caused by the inhalation of oil droplets. Around 50% of the patients with lipoid pneumonia are asymptomatic. Here, a case is presented where peritoneal fluid and tissue pieces from various organs of a 12-year-old female were received for examination after autopsy. There was no history of any illness before death. Cytology of fluid revealed features suggestive of endometriosis. Microscopy of lung sections revealed numerous lipid droplets in the alveoli and the interstitium along with a mild inflammatory infiltrate suggestive of lipoid pneumonia. In view of incidental findings in present case report, the occupational history or history of inhalation of oil-based medications becomes very important and should always be investigated. Also, in the absence of any symptoms peritoneal fluid needs to be studied carefully for any pathology.
Keywords	alveolar macrophages ; lipid droplets ; peritoneal cytology ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Effect of Insulin Resistance on Ovulation Induction With Clomiphene Citrate in Non-polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Women.

Karnatak, Ruchi / Agarwal, Anjoo / Asnani, Mona / Singh, Renu

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 7, Page(s) e27433

Abstract: Objective To study the status of insulin resistance (IR) in non-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) infertile women and to assess its effects on response to ovulation induction (OI) with clomiphene citrate (CC). Methods and materials A prospective cohort ... ...

Abstract	Objective To study the status of insulin resistance (IR) in non-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) infertile women and to assess its effects on response to ovulation induction (OI) with clomiphene citrate (CC). Methods and materials A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India, over a one-year period. One hundred two women who underwent treatment for infertility were enrolled and evaluated for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was assessed using fasting serum insulin levels and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index. All participants were given ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate and were then followed up for the occurrence of ovulation and conception. Results Insulin resistance was found in 20.5% of infertile subjects and 95.4% of anovulatory subjects. Of the subjects with insulin resistance, 80.5% showed monofollicular development. The pregnancy rate was 5.8%, but there was no conception among subjects with insulin resistance. Conclusions Insulin resistance was found to be present in 20.5% of infertile women. Women with insulin resistance are more likely to have monofollicular development on ovulation induction and are less likely to conceive as compared with women without insulin resistance (OR = 0.2079).
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.27433
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