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Article ; Online: Simultaneous quantification of six indicator compounds in Wen-Qing-Yin by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection.

Yeh, Chi-Chen / Huang, Shih-Shan / Liu, Po-Yu / Wang, Bo-Cheng / Tsai, Chia-Fen / Wang, Der-Yuan / Cheng, Hwei-Fang

Journal of food and drug analysis

2018 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 749–757

Abstract: ... in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Wen-Qing-Yin (WQY). Separate optimization was performed using a Cosmosil C18 ...

Abstract	A simple gradient high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was used to simultaneously to analyze characteristics of six indicator compounds in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Wen-Qing-Yin (WQY). Separate optimization was performed using a Cosmosil C18 column gradient method with 0.1% formic acid in both mobile phases of aqueous and acetonitrile (ACN), at a flow rate, detection wavelength, and sample volume of 1.8 mL/min, 268 nm, and 10 μL, respectively. The linear regression of six active compounds berberine (BER), baicalin (BAI), ferulic acid (FER), geniposide (GEN), hydorxymethoxylfurfural (HMF), and paeoniflorin (PAE) was produced at the concentration range of 10-2000 μg/mL. The method validation revealed an acceptable precision (intra- and inter-day precision < 3.39% and 4.11%, respectively) and recovery (85.60-110.45% and 86.58-110.90%), a recovery range of 86.61-109.42%, and sensitivity (limit of detection [LOD] and limit of quantification [LOQ] values were in the range of 0.03-3.13, and 0.08-9.38 μg/mL, respectively) while the calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient (R
MeSH term(s)	Berberine/analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids/analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Furaldehyde/analysis ; Glucosides/analysis ; Iridoids/analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Monoterpenes/analysis
Chemical Substances	Coumaric Acids ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Flavonoids ; Glucosides ; Iridoids ; Monoterpenes ; Berberine (0I8Y3P32UF) ; geniposide (145295QLXY) ; peoniflorin (21AIQ4EV64) ; baicalin (347Q89U4M5) ; ferulic acid (AVM951ZWST) ; Furaldehyde (DJ1HGI319P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-28
Publishing country	China (Republic : 1949- )
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2224-6614
ISSN (online)	2224-6614
DOI	10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.003
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Simultaneous quantification of six indicator compounds in Wen-Qing-Yin by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection

Yeh, Chi-Chen / Huang, Shih-Shan / Liu, Po-Yu / Wang, Bo-Cheng / Tsai, Chia-Fen / Wang, Der-Yuan / Cheng, Hwei-Fang

Yàowù shípǐn fēnxī. 2019 July, v. 27, no. 3

2019

Abstract: ... in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Wen-Qing-Yin (WQY). Separate optimization was performed using a Cosmosil C18 ...

Abstract	A simple gradient high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was used to simultaneously to analyze characteristics of six indicator compounds in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Wen-Qing-Yin (WQY). Separate optimization was performed using a Cosmosil C18 column gradient method with 0.1% formic acid in both mobile phases of aqueous and acetonitrile (ACN), at a flow rate, detection wavelength, and sample volume of 1.8 mL/min, 268 nm, and 10 μL, respectively. The linear regression of six active compounds berberine (BER), baicalin (BAI), ferulic acid (FER), geniposide (GEN), hydorxymethoxylfurfural (HMF), and paeoniflorin (PAE) was produced at the concentration range of 10–2000 μg/mL. The method validation revealed an acceptable precision (intra- and inter-day precision < 3.39% and 4.11%, respectively) and recovery (85.60–110.45% and 86.58–110.90%), a recovery range of 86.61–109.42%, and sensitivity (limit of detection [LOD] and limit of quantification [LOQ] values were in the range of 0.03–3.13, and 0.08–9.38 μg/mL, respectively) while the calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient (R2) ranging from 0.9966 to 0.9989. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by direct comparison of the peaks of the WCY extract to retention times of reference standards. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) successfully discriminated four purchased commercial samples of all six indicator constituents, and the present results indicate their comprehensive potential usefulness for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the WQY decoction and its commercial products.
Keywords	Oriental traditional medicine ; acetonitrile ; active ingredients ; baicalin ; berberine ; calibration ; detection limit ; diodes ; ferulic acid ; formic acid ; high performance liquid chromatography ; principal component analysis ; quantitative analysis ; reference standards ; regression analysis ; wavelengths
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-07
Size	p. 749-757.
Publishing place	Elsevier Taiwan LLC.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1292535-4
ISSN	1021-9498
ISSN	1021-9498
DOI	10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Survey on the Environmental Risks of Bisphenol A and Its Relevant Regulations in Taiwan: An Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical of Increasing Concern.

Tsai, Wen-Tien

Toxics

2023 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) has been identified as one of the endocrine disruptors or endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Due to its massive production (over 700,000 tons per year) and the extensive use of BPA-based plastics (i.e., polycarbonate and epoxy resin) ...

Abstract	Bisphenol A (BPA) has been identified as one of the endocrine disruptors or endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Due to its massive production (over 700,000 tons per year) and the extensive use of BPA-based plastics (i.e., polycarbonate and epoxy resin) in Taiwan, it was thus included as a toxic substance by the Ministry of Environment. This work surveyed the updated information about the production of BPA and its environmental distribution in Taiwan over the past decade. Furthermore, the regulatory strategies and countermeasures for managing the environmental risks of BPA by the Taiwan government were summarized to show the cross-ministerial efforts under the relevant acts, including the Toxic and Concerned Chemical Substances Control Act (TCCSCA), the Food Sanitation Management Act (FSMA) and the Commodity Inspection Act (CIA). The findings showed that most monitoring data were far below the acceptable risks. However, people may pose an adverse threat to the aquatic environment and human health via ecological and food chains. In addition, some countermeasures were further recommended to echo the international actions on environmental endocrine disruptors in recent years.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics11090722
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Article ; Online: Multimedia Pollution Prevention of Mercury-Containing Waste and Articles

Wen-Tien Tsai

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 1557, p

Case Study in Taiwan

2022 Volume 1557

Abstract: In response to the Minamata Convention on Mercury, effective 16 August 2017, the Taiwan government in recent years started to implement the sustainable material management of mercury-containing waste and articles. This was completed by a cross- ... ...

Abstract	In response to the Minamata Convention on Mercury, effective 16 August 2017, the Taiwan government in recent years started to implement the sustainable material management of mercury-containing waste and articles. This was completed by a cross-ministerial collaboration for preventing the adverse effects of mercury on human health and the environment, based on the multimedia approach. The legislative or regulatory frameworks on the control and prevention of mercury emissions and releases have been established in environmental distributions, including air, water, soil, waste, food, and article (or commodity). Therefore, the central authorities included the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), Council of Agriculture (COA), Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), and Ministry of Labor (MOL). Furthermore, the implementation plans covered the reduction in mercury-containing products by restricted use and bans on its use, remediation of soil and groundwater for mercury-pollution sites, control of stationary source emissions, environmental monitoring, and compulsory recovery of mercury from electronic waste such as waste lightings. A successful case study on the recovery of mercury from electronic waste using a thermal treatment, and its capture control by activated carbon, was also addressed in this work. Due to the effectiveness of source control in Taiwan, the annual reported amount of mercury emissions from the stationary air pollution sources indicated a decreasing trend from 1.989 metric tons in 2016 to 1.760 metric tons in 2019. More significantly, the ministerial collaboration in implementing the Convention in Taiwan also echoed the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 for sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Keywords	mercury ; sustainable material management ; cross-ministerial implementation ; regulatory measure ; Taiwan ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Optimization of Physical Activation Process by CO

Tsai, Chi-Hung / Tsai, Wen-Tien

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 16, Issue 19

Abstract: In this work, the Honduras Mahogany ( ...

Abstract	In this work, the Honduras Mahogany (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma16196558
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Analysis of changes in greenhouse gas emissions and technological approaches for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 in Taiwan.

Tsai, Wen-Tien / Tsai, Chi-Hung

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023

Abstract: Over the past two decades, the Taiwan government promulgated some regulatory measures and promotional actions on energy efficiency promotion and renewable energy development. In March 2022, the "Taiwan's Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050" was ... ...

Abstract	Over the past two decades, the Taiwan government promulgated some regulatory measures and promotional actions on energy efficiency promotion and renewable energy development. In March 2022, the "Taiwan's Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050" was announced to respond to the Paris Agreement. In order to achieve the goal, the Climate Change Response Act (CCRA) was passed on February 15, 2023, requiring the de-carbonization measures and adaptation strategies. The main aim of this paper was to analyze the changes in GHG emissions and renewable energy supply by using the updated data from the official statistics in connection with the trends of environmental and energy sustainability since 2000. The findings showed that total installed capacity of renewable power (especially in solar power and wind power) showed an amazing increase over the past decade, leading to the inclined GHG emissions and thus supporting the environmental and energy sustainability toward a low-carbon society. Furthermore, this paper summarized the development history and main differences concerning the carbon neutrality policy and legislation in Japan and South Korea. For achieving the staged targets of GHG emissions by 2030 and 2050, this paper finally addressed the technological approaches for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 in Taiwan, focusing on the transformation of energy and industry, and the policy implications by all levels of government.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-31014-5
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Article ; Online: Survey on Agricultural Accidents or Injuries in Taiwan.

Tsai, Wen-Tien

Journal of agromedicine

2021 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 404–410

Abstract: The agricultural industry has been identified as one of the most hazardous industries in developed countries. The main purpose of this paper was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of agricultural accidents (or injuries) in Taiwan during the period of ... ...

Abstract	The agricultural industry has been identified as one of the most hazardous industries in developed countries. The main purpose of this paper was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of agricultural accidents (or injuries) in Taiwan during the period of 2009 to 2018. The occupational accident rates (per 1,000 farmers employed) in Taiwan's agricultural industry showed a decreasing trend over the past decade from 1,486 in 2009 to 1,053 in 2018. This trend could be attributed to the joint-cooperation efforts of the industrial, official, academic, and non-profit parties under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) revised in 2013. Although the occupational accident, disability, and other injury rates in all non-agriculture industries were higher than those in the agricultural industry during this period, the fatality rates in the agricultural industry were higher than those in all industries. Finally, some inter-ministerial measures on occupational safety and health issues in the agricultural industry for preventing agricultural accidents or injuries were recommended in the paper.
MeSH term(s)	Accidents, Occupational ; Agriculture ; Farmers ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Taiwan/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1289325-0
ISSN	1545-0813 ; 1059-924X
ISSN (online)	1545-0813
ISSN	1059-924X
DOI	10.1080/1059924X.2020.1845895
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Article ; Online: Analysis of plastic waste reduction and recycling in Taiwan.

Tsai, Wen-Tien

Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA

2021 Volume 39, Issue 5, Page(s) 713–719

Abstract: With the mass production and consumption of single-use plastics and other plastic products, plastic waste management and its resulting microplastic pollution have become the most noteworthy environmental issues. The main objectives of this paper were to ... ...

Abstract	With the mass production and consumption of single-use plastics and other plastic products, plastic waste management and its resulting microplastic pollution have become the most noteworthy environmental issues. The main objectives of this paper were to review the regulatory measures for plastic waste reduction and recycling, analyse the trend changes on the recycled amounts of regulated plastic containers and also address the discussions on the impacts of COVID-19 on the expected increase in plastic waste. In the past two decades, the central competent authority (i.e. Environmental Protection Administration (EPA)) in Taiwan has promulgated some regulations governing plastic waste reduction and recycling, especially plastic containers. Based on the official statistics, it showed that total certified amounts of regulated plastic containers have increased from 45,552 tonnes in 1998 to 194,133 tonnes in 2019. This shift was in line with circular economy policies by the Zero Waste Program and Resource Recycling and Reuse Plan launched by the Taiwan EPA during this period. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic will impact on the regulatory policies for plastic waste management because the excess use of regulated plastic products will be temporarily permitted due to the epidemic prevention and control measures. Although the increased proportion of plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) will be beneficial for the energy efficiencies of waste-to-power systems in MSW incineration plants, the recycling and reduction rates of regulated plastic containers or products could decline during the COVID-19 breakout.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Plastics ; Recycling ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Solid Waste ; Taiwan ; Waste Management
Chemical Substances	Plastics ; Solid Waste
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1480483-9
ISSN	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070 ; 0734-242X
ISSN (online)	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070
ISSN	0734-242X
DOI	10.1177/0734242X21996821
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Article ; Online: Analysis of medical waste management and impact analysis of COVID-19 on its generation in Taiwan.

Tsai, Wen-Tien

Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA

2021 Volume 39, Issue 1_suppl, Page(s) 27–33

Abstract: Medical waste management in Taiwan is a crucial issue due to its highly environmental and human health risks. The main objectives of this paper were to analyse the status of medical waste generation and treatment in recent years, and also address the ... ...

Abstract	Medical waste management in Taiwan is a crucial issue due to its highly environmental and human health risks. The main objectives of this paper were to analyse the status of medical waste generation and treatment in recent years, and also address the discussions on the impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on its generation in the first half of 2020. It showed that the reported quantities have slightly increased from 35,747 metric tonnes (Mt) in 2016 to 40,407 Mt in 2019, showing an average increase by 4.17%. This rate of increase was consistent with the hospital services. When classified by the reported codes, the C-type waste (infectious waste) accounted for about 89% of the reported quantities, which indicated an annual increase by 4.14% during the same period. In addition, the medical waste treatment in 2019 was mainly dependent on the commissioned treatment (80.18%), followed by the recycling (18.53%) and the self-treatment (1.29%). Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 on the medical waste generation in Taiwan was not significant in the first half of 2020 compared to the data during the years of 2016-2019. It was indicated that the consistent trend was observed at the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Taiwan during this period. Obviously, the reduction in the hospital medical services during the COVID-19 outbreak should be offset by the increase in medical waste generation from the medical services. In order to try to ensure safe and complete destruction of the COVID-19 virus, all the waste generated from the healthcare facilities should be treated in the incineration plants.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Medical Waste ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Taiwan ; Waste Management
Chemical Substances	Medical Waste
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1480483-9
ISSN	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070 ; 0734-242X
ISSN (online)	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070
ISSN	0734-242X
DOI	10.1177/0734242X21996803
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Article ; Online: Forest Resource Management and Its Climate-Change Mitigation Policies in Taiwan

Wen-Tien Tsai

Climate, Vol 9, Iss 3, p

2021 Volume 3

Abstract: Based on high carbon emissions in recent years (i.e., about 11 metric tons in 2018) per capita in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents, Taiwan has actively development greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction action plans. One of the action plans has been to ... ...

Abstract	Based on high carbon emissions in recent years (i.e., about 11 metric tons in 2018) per capita in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents, Taiwan has actively development greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction action plans. One of the action plans has been to promote afforestation and reforestation in non-forested lands for carbon sequestration. Thus, this paper aims to address the forest resources in Taiwan by using the latest national survey, reporting on an interactive analysis of forest carbon sequestration, GHG emissions, and climate-change mitigation policies. In this regard, the methodology is based on the official websites of forest resources, GHG emissions, and carbon sequestration from the yearbooks, national statistics, and regulations relevant to the mitigation policies in the forestry sector. It is found that Taiwan’s forest area is estimated to be 2.197 million hectares, which corresponds to a total forest stock volume of about 502.0 million cubic meters. During the period of 1990–2018, the change in total carbon sequestration did not vary much (with the exception of 2009), decreasing from 23.4 million metric tons in 1990 to 21.4 million metric tons in 2018. Compared to the total carbon dioxide emissions (i.e., 102.4 million metric tons in 1990 and 282.8 million metric tons in 2018), the contribution to GHG mitigation in the forestry sector shows a declining trend. However, biomass (i.e., wood) carbon sequestration indicates a slight increase from 20.4 million metric tons in 2010 to 20.7 million metric tons in 2018 due to the afforestation policy. Obviously, regulatory policies, based on the Forestry Act and the Greenhouse Gas Reduction & Management Act in 2015, play a vital role in mitigating GHG emissions in Taiwan. The discussion on the regulations is further addressed to highlight climate-change mitigation policies in Taiwan’s forestry sector.
Keywords	greenhouse gas emission ; forestry sector ; carbon sequestration ; climate-change mitigation ; Taiwan ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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