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  1. Book: Systemic inflammatory disease and the eye

    Dinning, W. J.

    1987  

    Author's details W. J. Dinning
    Keywords Eye Manifestations ; Inflammation
    Size XII, 247 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Wright
    Publishing place Bristol
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT003046182
    ISBN 0-7236-0777-X ; 978-0-7236-0777-9
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    1988 B 121 order for loan Magazin

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  2. Article ; Online: Novel insight into pressurization of the male and female urethra through application of a multi-channel fibre-optic pressure transducer: Proof of concept and validation.

    Stafford, Ryan E / Arkwright, John / Dinning, Phil G / van den Hoorn, Wolbert / Hodges, Paul W

    Investigative and clinical urology

    2020  Volume 61, Issue 5, Page(s) 528–537

    Abstract: Purpose: To confirm feasibility of recording pressure along the length of the urethra using a multi-sensor fibre-optic pressure catheter; to identify the spatial and temporal features of changes in pressure along the urethra at sites related to specific ...

    Abstract Purpose: To confirm feasibility of recording pressure along the length of the urethra using a multi-sensor fibre-optic pressure catheter; to identify the spatial and temporal features of changes in pressure along the urethra at sites related to specific striated pelvic floor muscles; and to investigate the relationship between urethral pressures and activation of individual pelvic floor muscles estimated from ultrasound imaging.
    Materials and methods: Proof-of-concept study including one male (47 years old) and one female (33 years old). A multi-sensor fibre optic pressure catheter (10 mm sensor separation) was inserted into the urethra. Pressure data were recorded simultaneously with trans-perineal ultrasound imaging measures of pelvic floor muscle activity during sub-maximal and maximal voluntary contractions and evoked coughs.
    Results: Pressure changes along the urethra were recorded in all tasks in both participants. Face validity of interpretation of pressure measures with respect to individual muscles was supported by correlation with ultrasound-measured displacements induced by the relevant muscles. Onset of pressure increase occurred in a distal to proximal sequence in the urethra of the male but not the female during voluntary contraction. Peak urethral pressures varied in location, timing and amplitude between tasks. Evoked cough induced in the greatest urethral pressure increase across all tasks for both participants.
    Conclusions: The high spatial resolution pressure catheter provide viable and valid recordings of urethral pressure in a male and female. Data provide preliminary evidence of sex differences in spatial and temporal distribution of urethral pressure changes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Pelvic Floor/physiology ; Pressure ; Proof of Concept Study ; Transducers, Pressure ; Ultrasonography ; Urethra/diagnostic imaging ; Urethra/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-31
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Study
    ZDB-ID 2923014-7
    ISSN 2466-054X ; 2466-0493
    ISSN (online) 2466-054X
    ISSN 2466-0493
    DOI 10.4111/icu.20200059
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  3. Article ; Online: Neural motor complexes propagate continuously along the full length of mouse small intestine and colon.

    Costa, Marcello / Hibberd, Timothy James / Keightley, Lauren J / Wiklendt, Lukasz / Arkwright, John W / Dinning, Philip G / Brookes, Simon J H / Spencer, Nick J

    American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology

    2019  Volume 318, Issue 1, Page(s) G99–G108

    Abstract: Cyclical propagating waves of muscle contraction have been recorded in isolated small intestine or colon, referred to here as motor complexes (MCs). Small intestinal and colonic MCs are neurogenic, occur at similar frequencies, and propagate orally or ... ...

    Abstract Cyclical propagating waves of muscle contraction have been recorded in isolated small intestine or colon, referred to here as motor complexes (MCs). Small intestinal and colonic MCs are neurogenic, occur at similar frequencies, and propagate orally or aborally. Whether they can be coordinated between the different gut regions is unclear. Motor behavior of whole length mouse intestines, from duodenum to terminal rectum, was recorded by intraluminal multisensor catheter. Small intestinal MCs were recorded in 27/30 preparations, and colonic MCs were recorded in all preparations (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cholinergic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Colon/innervation ; Enteric Nervous System/drug effects ; Enteric Nervous System/physiology ; Female ; Ganglionic Blockers/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestine, Small/innervation ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating/drug effects ; Peristalsis/drug effects ; Pressure ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Cholinergic Antagonists ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Ganglionic Blockers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603840-2
    ISSN 1522-1547 ; 0193-1857
    ISSN (online) 1522-1547
    ISSN 0193-1857
    DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00185.2019
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  4. Article ; Online: Investigating the relationships between peristaltic contraction and fluid transport in the human colon using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics.

    Sinnott, M D / Cleary, P W / Arkwright, J W / Dinning, P G

    Computers in biology and medicine

    2012  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 492–503

    Abstract: Complex relationships exist between gut contractility and the flow of digesta. We propose here a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model coupling the flow of luminal content and wall flexure to help investigate these relationships. The model indicates that ...

    Abstract Complex relationships exist between gut contractility and the flow of digesta. We propose here a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model coupling the flow of luminal content and wall flexure to help investigate these relationships. The model indicates that a zone of muscular relaxation preceding the contraction is an important element for transport. Low pressures in this zone generate positive thrust for low viscosity content. The viscosity of luminal content controls the localization of the flow and the magnitude of the radial pressure gradient and together with contraction amplitude they control the transport rate. For high viscosity content, high lumen occlusion is required for effective propulsion.
    MeSH term(s) Colon/anatomy & histology ; Colon/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology ; Humans ; Hydrodynamics ; Models, Biological ; Peristalsis/physiology ; Viscosity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 127557-4
    ISSN 1879-0534 ; 0010-4825
    ISSN (online) 1879-0534
    ISSN 0010-4825
    DOI 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.01.002
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  5. Article ; Online: Interdisciplinary restoration of a Class II, Division 2 malocclusion.

    Dinning, Ronald B / Kubisch, Raymond G W

    Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995)

    2013  Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 282–287

    Abstract: This case report demonstrates the importance of systematic risk assessment and appropriate treatment planning for restorative success with a patient with Class II, Division 2 malocclusion. The overall objective was to change the functional relationship ... ...

    Abstract This case report demonstrates the importance of systematic risk assessment and appropriate treatment planning for restorative success with a patient with Class II, Division 2 malocclusion. The overall objective was to change the functional relationship of the anterior teeth to allow predictable restoration that would decrease the risk of further attrition while satisfying the esthetic expectations of the patient. Orthodontics prior to restoration was the key to minimizing biomechanical and functional risks. The case illustrates the use of the interincisal angle measurement to provide an objective guide when evaluating and planning for proper anterior function.
    MeSH term(s) Crowns ; Dental Caries/therapy ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods ; Risk Assessment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632569-5
    ISSN 2158-1797 ; 0734-0338
    ISSN (online) 2158-1797
    ISSN 0734-0338
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  6. Article ; Online: Roles of three distinct neurogenic motor patterns during pellet propulsion in guinea-pig distal colon.

    Costa, Marcello / Keightley, Lauren J / Wiklendt, Lukasz / Hibberd, Timothy J / Arkwright, John W / Omari, Taher / Wattchow, David A / Zagorodnyuk, Vladimir / Brookes, Simon J H / Dinning, Phil G / Spencer, Nick J

    The Journal of physiology

    2019  Volume 597, Issue 20, Page(s) 5125–5140

    Abstract: Key points: Enteric neural circuits enable isolated preparations of guinea-pig distal colon to propel solid and fluid contents by a self-sustaining neuromechanical loop process. In addition there are at least three neural mechanisms which are not ... ...

    Abstract Key points: Enteric neural circuits enable isolated preparations of guinea-pig distal colon to propel solid and fluid contents by a self-sustaining neuromechanical loop process. In addition there are at least three neural mechanisms which are not directly involved in propulsion: cyclic motor complexes, transient neural events and distal colon migrating motor complexes. In excised guinea-pig colon we simultaneously recorded high resolution manometry, video-imaging of colonic wall movements and electrophysiological recordings from smooth muscle, which enabled us to identify mechanisms that underlie the propulsion of colonic content. The results show that the intermittent propulsion during emptying of the multiple natural faecal pellets is due to the intermittent activation of cyclic motor complexes and this is facilitated by transient neural events. Loss or dysfunction of these activities is likely to underlie disordered gastrointestinal transit.
    Abstract: It is well known that there are different patterns of electrical activity in smooth muscle cells along different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. These different patterns can be generated by myogenic and/or neurogenic mechanisms. However, what patterns of electrical activity underlie the propulsion of natural faecal content remains unknown, particularly along the large intestine, where large quantities of water are reabsorbed and semi-solid faeces form. In this study, we developed a novel approach which enables for the first time the simultaneous recording of high resolution intraluminal manometry, electrophysiology from the smooth muscle, and spatio-temporal video imaging of colonic wall movements. Using this approach we were able to reveal the nature of enteric neuromuscular transmission and patterns of motor activity responsible for the movement of content. Three distinct neurogenic patterns of electrical activity were recorded even in the absence of propulsive movement. These were the cyclic motor complexes (CMCs), the transient neural events (TNEs) and the slowly propagating distal colonic migrating motor complexes (DCMMCs). We present evidence that the initiation of pellet propulsion is due to a cyclic motor complex (CMC) occurring oral to the pellet. Furthermore, we discovered that the intermittent propulsion of natural faecal pellets is generated by intermittent activation of CMCs; and this propulsion is facilitated by hexamethonium-sensitive TNEs. However, TNEs were not required for propulsion. The findings reveal the patterns of electrical activity that underlie propulsion of natural colonic content and demonstrate that propulsion is generated by a complex interplay between distinct enteric neural circuits.
    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials ; Animals ; Colon/physiology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/physiology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3115-x
    ISSN 1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
    ISSN (online) 1469-7793
    ISSN 0022-3751
    DOI 10.1113/JP278284
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  7. Article ; Online: Characterization of projections of longitudinal muscle motor neurons in human colon.

    Humenick, Adam / Chen, Bao Nan / Lauder, Chris I W / Wattchow, David A / Zagorodnyuk, Vladimir P / Dinning, Phil G / Spencer, Nick J / Costa, Marcello / Brookes, Simon J H

    Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society

    2019  Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) e13685

    Abstract: Background: The enteric nervous system contains inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons which modulate smooth muscle contractility. Cell bodies of longitudinal muscle motor neurons have not been identified in human intestine.: Methods: We used ... ...

    Abstract Background: The enteric nervous system contains inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons which modulate smooth muscle contractility. Cell bodies of longitudinal muscle motor neurons have not been identified in human intestine.
    Methods: We used retrograde tracing ex vivo with DiI, with multiple labeling immunohistochemistry, to characterize motor neurons innervating tenial and inter-tenial longitudinal muscle of human colon.
    Key results: The most abundant immunohistochemical markers in the tertiary plexus were vesicular acetylcholine transporter, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Of retrogradely traced motor neurons innervating inter-tenial longitudinal muscle, 95% were located within 6mm oral or anal to the DiI application site. Excitatory motor neuron cell bodies, immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), were clustered aborally, whereas NOS-immunoreactive cell bodies were distributed either side of the DiI application site. Motor neurons had small cell bodies, averaging 438 + 18µm
    Conclusions and inferences: Tenial and inter-tenial motor neurons innervating the longitudinal muscle have short projections. Inhibitory motor neurons have less polarized projections than cholinergic excitatory motor neurons. Longitudinal and circular muscle layers are innervated by distinct local populations of excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons. A population of human enteric neurons that contribute significantly to colonic motility has been characterized.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Cell Size ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Colon/innervation ; Colon/metabolism ; Colon/pathology ; Enteric Nervous System/cytology ; Enteric Nervous System/metabolism ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neurons/cytology ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth/innervation ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth/pathology ; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Fluorescent Dyes ; Nitric Oxide Synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1186328-6
    ISSN 1365-2982 ; 1350-1925
    ISSN (online) 1365-2982
    ISSN 1350-1925
    DOI 10.1111/nmo.13685
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  8. Article ; Online: A composite fibre optic catheter for monitoring peristaltic transit of an intra-luminal bead.

    Arkwright, John W / Underhill, Ian D / Dodds, Kelsi N / Brookes, Simon J H / Costa, Marcello / Spencer, Nick J / Dinning, Phil G

    Journal of biophotonics

    2016  Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 305–310

    Abstract: A fibre optic motion sensor has been developed for monitoring the proximity and direction of motion of a ferrous bead travelling axial to the sensor. By integrating an array of these sensors into our previously developed fibre optic manometry catheters ... ...

    Abstract A fibre optic motion sensor has been developed for monitoring the proximity and direction of motion of a ferrous bead travelling axial to the sensor. By integrating an array of these sensors into our previously developed fibre optic manometry catheters we demonstrate simultaneous detection of peristaltic muscular activity and the associated motion of ferrous beads through a colonic lumen. This allows the motion of solid content to be temporally and spatially related to pressure variations generated by peristaltic contractions without resorting to videoflouroscopy to track the motion of a radio opaque bolus. The composite catheter has been tested in an in-vitro animal preparation consisting of excised sections of rabbit colon. Cut-away image of the fibre optic motion sensor showing the location of the fibre Bragg gratings and the rare earth magnet.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Catheters ; Colon/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Iron/chemistry ; Iron/metabolism ; Microspheres ; Optical Fibers ; Rabbits
    Chemical Substances Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2390063-5
    ISSN 1864-0648 ; 1864-063X
    ISSN (online) 1864-0648
    ISSN 1864-063X
    DOI 10.1002/jbio.201500187
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    Zs.A 6723: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Identification of multiple distinct neurogenic motor patterns that can occur simultaneously in the guinea pig distal colon.

    Costa, Marcello / Keightley, Lauren J / Wiklendt, Lukasz / Hibberd, Timothy J / Arkwright, John W / Omari, Taher / Wattchow, David A / Brookes, Simon J H / Dinning, Phil G / Spencer, Nick J

    American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology

    2018  Volume 316, Issue 1, Page(s) G32–G44

    Abstract: In the guinea pig distal colon, nonpropulsive neurally mediated motor patterns have been observed in different experimental conditions. Isolated segments of guinea pig distal colon were used to investigate these neural mechanisms by simultaneously ... ...

    Abstract In the guinea pig distal colon, nonpropulsive neurally mediated motor patterns have been observed in different experimental conditions. Isolated segments of guinea pig distal colon were used to investigate these neural mechanisms by simultaneously recording wall motion, intraluminal pressure, and smooth muscle electrical activity in different conditions of constant distension and in response to pharmacological agents. Three distinct neurally dependent motor patterns were identified: transient neural events (TNEs), cyclic motor complexes (CMC), and distal colon migrating motor complexes (DCMMC). These could occur simultaneously and were distinguished by their electrophysiological, mechanical, and pharmacological features. TNEs occurred at irregular intervals of ~3s, with bursts of action potentials at 9 Hz. They propagated orally at 12 cm/s via assemblies of ascending cholinergic interneurons that activated final excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons, apparently without involvement of stretch-sensitive intrinsic primary afferent neurons. CMCs occurred during maintained distension and consisted of clusters of closely spaced TNEs, which fused to cause high-frequency action potential firing at 7 Hz lasting ~10 s. They generated periodic pressure peaks mediated by stretch-sensitive intrinsic primary afferent neurons and by cholinergic interneurons. DCMMCs were generated by ongoing activity in excitatory motor neurons without apparent involvement of stretch-sensitive neurons, cholinergic interneurons, or inhibitory motor neurons. In conclusion, we have identified three distinct motor patterns that can occur concurrently in the isolated guinea pig distal colon. The mechanisms underlying the generation of these neural patterns likely involve recruitment of different populations of enteric neurons with distinct temporal activation properties.
    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Colon/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/physiology ; Myenteric Plexus/physiology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating/physiology ; Neurogenesis/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603840-2
    ISSN 1522-1547 ; 0193-1857
    ISSN (online) 1522-1547
    ISSN 0193-1857
    DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2018
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  10. Article ; Online: Restoration of normal colonic motor patterns and meal responses after distal colorectal resection.

    Vather, R / O'Grady, G / Arkwright, J W / Rowbotham, D S / Cheng, L K / Dinning, P G / Bissett, I P

    The British journal of surgery

    2016  Volume 103, Issue 4, Page(s) 451–461

    Abstract: Background: Colorectal resections alter colonic motility, including disruption of control by neural or bioelectrical cell networks. The long-term impact of surgical resections and anastomoses on colonic motor patterns has, however, never been assessed ... ...

    Abstract Background: Colorectal resections alter colonic motility, including disruption of control by neural or bioelectrical cell networks. The long-term impact of surgical resections and anastomoses on colonic motor patterns has, however, never been assessed accurately. Fibreoptic high-resolution colonic manometry was employed to define motility in patients who had undergone distal colorectal resection.
    Methods: Recruited patients had undergone distal colorectal resections more than 12 months previously, and had normal bowel function. Manometry was performed in the distal colon (36 sensors; 1-cm intervals), with 2-h recordings taken before and after a meal, with comparison to controls. Analysis quantified all propagating events and frequencies (cyclical, short single, and long single motor patterns), including across anastomoses.
    Results: Fifteen patients and 12 controls were recruited into the study. Coordinated propagating events directly traversed the healed anastomoses in nine of 12 patients with available data, including antegrade and retrograde cyclical, short single and long single patterns. Dominant frequencies in the distal colon were similar in patients and controls (2-3 cycles/min) (antegrade P = 0·482; retrograde P = 0·178). Compared with values before the meal, the mean(s.d.) number of dominant cyclical retrograde motor patterns increased in patients after the meal (2·1(2·7) versus 32·6(31·8) in 2 h respectively; P < 0·001), similar to controls (P = 0·178), although the extent of propagation was 41 per cent shorter in patients, by a mean of 3·4 cm (P = 0·003). Short and long single propagating motor patterns were comparable between groups in terms of frequency, velocity, extent and amplitude.
    Conclusion: Motility patterns and meal responses are restored after distal colorectal resection in patients with normal bowel function. Coordinated propagation across healed anastomoses may indicate regeneration of underlying cellular networks.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Colectomy ; Colon/physiology ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Manometry ; Middle Aged ; Pressure ; Prognosis ; Recovery of Function/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2985-3
    ISSN 1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    ISSN (online) 1365-2168
    ISSN 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    DOI 10.1002/bjs.10074
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