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Article ; Online: Monitoring the acclimatization of a Chlorella sp. From freshwater to hypersalinity using photosynthetic parameters of pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry.

Anandraj, Akash / White, Sarah / Naidoo, Devashan / Mutanda, Taurai

2020 Volume 309, Page(s) 123380

Abstract: Contamination of freshwater raceway ponds impedes the commercial cultivation of microalgae. Acclimatization of freshwater microalgae to hypersaline conditions offers a means to reduce contamination. A freshwater Chlorella species was cultured in a ... ...

Abstract	Contamination of freshwater raceway ponds impedes the commercial cultivation of microalgae. Acclimatization of freshwater microalgae to hypersaline conditions offers a means to reduce contamination. A freshwater Chlorella species was cultured in a gradient of salinities ranging from 5 to 40‰ and pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry recorded photosynthetic functioning. While the average salinity of seawater is 35‰, optimum acclimatization occurred at 20‰, at which point the growth rate (1.6 µg chl a L
MeSH term(s)	Acclimatization ; Chlorella ; Fluorometry ; Fresh Water ; Microalgae
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1065195-0
ISSN	1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
ISSN (online)	1873-2976
ISSN	0960-8524
DOI	10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123380
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Article ; Online: Cyanobacterial metabolites as promising drug leads against the M

Naidoo, Devashan / Roy, Ayan / Kar, Pallab / Mutanda, Taurai / Anandraj, Akash

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

2020 Volume 39, Issue 16, Page(s) 6218–6230

Abstract: A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as the causative agent behind the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Treatment efforts have been severely impeded due to the lack of specific effective antiviral ... ...

Abstract	A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as the causative agent behind the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Treatment efforts have been severely impeded due to the lack of specific effective antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-associated pathologies. In the present research endeavour the inhibitory prospects of cyanobacterial metabolites were assessed at the active binding pockets of the two vital SARS-CoV-2 proteases namely, main protease (M
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Protease Inhibitors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2020.1794972
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Article: Monitoring the acclimatization of a Chlorella sp. From freshwater to hypersalinity using photosynthetic parameters of pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry

Anandraj, Akash / White, Sarah / Naidoo, Devashan / Mutanda, Taurai

Bioresource technology. 2020 Aug., v. 309

2020

Abstract	Contamination of freshwater raceway ponds impedes the commercial cultivation of microalgae. Acclimatization of freshwater microalgae to hypersaline conditions offers a means to reduce contamination. A freshwater Chlorella species was cultured in a gradient of salinities ranging from 5 to 40‰ and pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry recorded photosynthetic functioning. While the average salinity of seawater is 35‰, optimum acclimatization occurred at 20‰, at which point the growth rate (1.6 μg chl a L−1d−1) was not significantly different from the control (1.8 μg chl a L−1d−1). The maximum relative electron transfer rate was lower (9 to 12 μmol m−2s−1) at 5 to 20‰ as compared to 40‰ (28 μmol m−2s−1) where no algal growth was recorded. ATP and NADPH were thus shunted towards synthesis of molecules that offset cytoplasmic osmotic stress. Culturing this Chlorella strain in raceway ponds under saline conditions may reduce contamination and improve productivity.
Keywords	Chlorella ; NADP (coenzyme) ; acclimation ; adenosine triphosphate ; electron transfer ; fluorometry ; freshwater ; hypersalinity ; microalgae ; monitoring ; osmotic stress ; photosynthesis ; ponds ; seawater
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1065195-0
ISSN	1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
ISSN (online)	1873-2976
ISSN	0960-8524
DOI	10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123380
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Article ; Online: Structural Insight into the Binding of Cyanovirin-N with the Spike Glycoprotein, M pro and PL pro of SARS-CoV-2

Devashan Naidoo / Pallab Kar / Ayan Roy / Taurai Mutanda / Joseph Bwapwa / Arnab Sen / Akash Anandraj

Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 5114, p

Protein–Protein Interactions, Dynamics Simulations and Free Energy Calculations

2021 Volume 5114

Abstract: The emergence of COVID-19 continues to pose severe threats to global public health. The pandemic has infected over 171 million people and claimed more than 3.5 million lives to date. We investigated the binding potential of antiviral cyanobacterial ... ...

Abstract	The emergence of COVID-19 continues to pose severe threats to global public health. The pandemic has infected over 171 million people and claimed more than 3.5 million lives to date. We investigated the binding potential of antiviral cyanobacterial proteins including cyanovirin-N, scytovirin and phycocyanin with fundamental proteins involved in attachment and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Cyanovirin-N displayed the highest binding energy scores (−16.8 ± 0.02 kcal/mol, −12.3 ± 0.03 kcal/mol and −13.4 ± 0.02 kcal/mol, respectively) with the spike protein, the main protease (M pro ) and the papainlike protease (PL pro ) of SARS-CoV-2. Cyanovirin-N was observed to interact with the crucial residues involved in the attachment of the human ACE2 receptor. Analysis of the binding affinities calculated employing the molecular mechanics-Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) approach revealed that all forms of energy, except the polar solvation energy, favourably contributed to the interactions of cyanovirin-N with the viral proteins. With particular emphasis on cyanovirin-N, the current work presents evidence for the potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by cyanobacterial proteins, and offers the opportunity for in vitro and in vivo experiments to deploy the cyanobacterial proteins as valuable therapeutics against COVID-19.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; spike protein ; M pro ; PL pro ; cyanobacteria ; cyanovirin-N ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Structural Insight into the Binding of Cyanovirin-N with the Spike Glycoprotein, M

Naidoo, Devashan / Kar, Pallab / Roy, Ayan / Mutanda, Taurai / Bwapwa, Joseph / Sen, Arnab / Anandraj, Akash

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 26, Issue 17

Abstract	The emergence of COVID-19 continues to pose severe threats to global public health. The pandemic has infected over 171 million people and claimed more than 3.5 million lives to date. We investigated the binding potential of antiviral cyanobacterial proteins including cyanovirin-N, scytovirin and phycocyanin with fundamental proteins involved in attachment and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Cyanovirin-N displayed the highest binding energy scores (-16.8 ± 0.02 kcal/mol, -12.3 ± 0.03 kcal/mol and -13.4 ± 0.02 kcal/mol, respectively) with the spike protein, the main protease (M
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/ultrastructure ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/virology ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/metabolism ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/ultrastructure ; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases/metabolism ; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases/ultrastructure ; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/antagonists & inhibitors ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/ultrastructure ; X-Ray Diffraction
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; cyanovirin N (184539-38-6) ; 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases (EC 3.4.22.2) ; papain-like protease, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.2) ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules26175114
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Article ; Online: Cyanobacterial metabolites as promising drug leads against the Mpro and PLpro of SARS-CoV-2

Naidoo, Devashan / Roy, Ayan / Kar, Pallab / Mutanda, Taurai / Anandraj, Akash

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

an in silico analysis

2020 , Page(s) 1–13

Keywords	Molecular Biology ; Structural Biology ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Informa UK Limited
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2020.1794972
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Harnessing plant biotechnology-based strategies for in vitro galanthamine (GAL) biosynthesis: a potent drug against Alzheimer’s disease

Kaur, Harmeet / Chahal, Swati / Jha, Priyanka / Lekhak, Manoj M. / Shekhawat, Mahipal S. / Naidoo, Devashan / Arencibia, Ariel D. / Ochatt, Sergio J. / Kumar, Vijay

Plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. 2022 May, v. 149, no. 1-2

2022

Abstract: Medicinal plants are important for improving human health and represent an essential pool for the identification of novel pharmacological leads. Plant-derived biomolecules have historically proven their value as a source of therapeutic drugs and hold an ... ...

Abstract	Medicinal plants are important for improving human health and represent an essential pool for the identification of novel pharmacological leads. Plant-derived biomolecules have historically proven their value as a source of therapeutic drugs and hold an important potential for the identification and characterization of novel drug leads. Many different alkaloids possessing a broad range of pharmacological activities have been isolated from plants belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. Galanthamine (GAL) is a selective, reversible and an Amaryllidaceae-derived acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurological diseases. Naturally, the bioavailability of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids including GAL is low. Due to the significantly increased demand of GAL by the pharmaceutical industries and the inadequate availability of natural resources, in vitro culture offers an alternative approach for its sustainable production. Thus, different biotechnological tools can optimize the in vitro GAL biosynthesis for treating AD, such as manipulation of plant growth regulators, photoperiod, elicitors, and bioreactors systems, besides being an environmentally sustainable approach, which protects the native biodiversity in a circular bioeconomy context. In the present review, we highlight the biosynthesis of GAL by plant in vitro systems including its mode of action. This article should also provide a starting point in the scaling-up of the biotechnological production of this valuable alkaloid.
Keywords	Amaryllidaceae ; alkaloids ; bioavailability ; biodiversity ; bioeconomics ; bioreactors ; biosynthesis ; cholinesterase inhibitors ; drugs ; human health ; mechanism of action ; organ culture ; plant growth ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Size	p. 81-103.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	406394-6
ISSN	1573-5044 ; 0167-6857
ISSN (online)	1573-5044
ISSN	0167-6857
DOI	10.1007/s11240-022-02229-0
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Article: Synthesis of potent neuroprotective butenolides based on plant smoke derived 3,4,5-Trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one and 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyrone-2-one

Naidoo, Devashan / Pošta, Martin / Roy, Ayan / Kulkarni, Manoj / Van Staden, Johannes

Phytochemistry. 2019 July, v. 163

2019

Abstract: Smoke derived karrikinolide and trimethylbutenolide exerted neuroprotective effects against monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. Synthesis of potent analogs was achieved. Sulphur substitution in the bicyclic ring structure of KAR1 displayed the ... ...

Abstract	Smoke derived karrikinolide and trimethylbutenolide exerted neuroprotective effects against monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. Synthesis of potent analogs was achieved. Sulphur substitution in the bicyclic ring structure of KAR1 displayed the most encouraging activity returning IC50 values of 13.75 ± 0.001 μM and 0.03 ± 0.02 μM for monoamine oxidase A and B and 0.08 ± 0.006 μM for acetylcholinesterase. Neuroprotective butenolides may be particularly useful in the treatment of depressive disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Keywords	Alzheimer disease ; Parkinson disease ; acetylcholinesterase ; amine oxidase (flavin-containing) ; inhibitory concentration 50 ; mental depression ; neuroprotective effect ; sulfur
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-07
Size	p. 187-194.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	208884-8
ISSN	1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
ISSN (online)	1873-3700
ISSN	0031-9422
DOI	10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.014
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Article ; Online: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from secondary metabolites of star gooseberry fruit (Phyllanthus acidus) and their nephroprotective efficiency

Banerjee, Swarnendra / Kar, Pallab / Islam, Rejuan / Naidoo, Devashan / Roy, Ayan / Sarkar, Indrani / Sen, Gargi / Saha, Tilak / Yasmin, Hadida / Sen, Arnab

South African Journal of Botany. 2022 Oct. 12,

2022

Abstract: Native people of the Northeast Indian region use a range of underutilized fruits for various purposes. Amongst these, Phyllanthus acidus is very common and well known for its ethnomedicinal values. Despite its ethnopharmacological relevance, a ... ...

Abstract	Native people of the Northeast Indian region use a range of underutilized fruits for various purposes. Amongst these, Phyllanthus acidus is very common and well known for its ethnomedicinal values. Despite its ethnopharmacological relevance, a comprehensive investigation of the clinical effects of this fruit has not yet been executed. Therefore, in the present study nanoparticles were synthesized using secondary metabolites of P. acidus fruit juice, and a comparative study was done to measure the efficacy of raw fruit juice and nanoparticle on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in a mice model. In the present study, gentamicin (negative control) was administered intraperitoneally to induce nephrotoxicity in the mice model. The study also included the control group, positive control group, low dose group (fruit juice and nanoparticle), and high dose group (fruit juice and nanoparticle). Several antioxidant and biochemical tests were performed to measure the efficacy of fruit juice and nanoparticle in preventing renal injury. Results revealed that creatinine and urea levels significantly deteriorated up to 1.13% and 1.49% respectively in the high dose of P. acidus nanoparticle (PANH) group compared to the negative control group. After the application of PANH, three major antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GSH were significantly enhanced compared to the gentamicin-treated group. Histopathological examination revealed that in the PANH group glomerulus structure reappeared significantly. In silico molecular docking, the analysis showed an inhibitory effect of fruit juice and fruit juice synthesized nanoparticles against inflammatory protein, NFƙβ. Findings indicated that PANH was more ameliorative over a high dose of P. acidus fruit juice (PAJH) towards kidney injury. Our findings generate scopes to explore the therapeutic potentials of PANH in treating kidney disorders.
Keywords	Phyllanthus acidus ; antioxidants ; comparative study ; computer simulation ; creatinine ; fruit juices ; fruits ; gentamicin ; gooseberries ; histopathology ; indigenous peoples ; kidneys ; models ; nanoparticles ; nanosilver ; nephroprotective effect ; nephrotoxicity ; raw fruit ; secondary metabolites ; therapeutics ; traditional medicine ; urea ; Catalase ; Histology ; Silver nanoparticles ; Underutilized fruit ; SEM ; FESEM ; EDX ; SOD ; GSH
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1012
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2126918-X
ISSN	0254-6299
ISSN	0254-6299
DOI	10.1016/j.sajb.2022.10.021
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Synthesis of potent neuroprotective butenolides based on plant smoke derived 3,4,5-Trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one and 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyrone-2-one.

Naidoo, Devashan / Pošta, Martin / Roy, Ayan / Kulkarni, Manoj / Van Staden, Johannes

Phytochemistry

2019 Volume 163, Page(s) 187–194

Abstract	Smoke derived karrikinolide and trimethylbutenolide exerted neuroprotective effects against monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. Synthesis of potent analogs was achieved. Sulphur substitution in the bicyclic ring structure of KAR
MeSH term(s)	4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives ; 4-Butyrolactone/chemical synthesis ; 4-Butyrolactone/chemistry ; 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Furans/chemical synthesis ; Furans/chemistry ; Furans/pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemical synthesis ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Pyrans/chemical synthesis ; Pyrans/chemistry ; Pyrans/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one ; 3-methyl-2H-furo(2,3-c)pyran-2-one ; Furans ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Pyrans ; butenolide (8KXK25H388) ; Monoamine Oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) ; 4-Butyrolactone (OL659KIY4X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208884-8
ISSN	1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
ISSN (online)	1873-3700
ISSN	0031-9422
DOI	10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.014
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