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Article ; Online: "The trauma machine expands faster than our services": Health risks for unhoused people in an early-stage gentrifying area.

McIntosh, Andrea / Anguelovski, Isabelle / Cole, Helen

2023 Volume 83, Page(s) 103035

Abstract: While homelessness continues to be a prevalent problem throughout the United States, many urban neighborhoods are also concurrently experiencing an influx of affluent neighbors through gentrification, exposing the stark inequalities in housing access ... ...

Abstract	While homelessness continues to be a prevalent problem throughout the United States, many urban neighborhoods are also concurrently experiencing an influx of affluent neighbors through gentrification, exposing the stark inequalities in housing access nationwide. Gentrification-induced changes in neighborhood dynamics have also been shown to affect the health of low-income and non-white groups, with high risks of trauma from displacement and exposure to violent crime and criminalization. This study addresses risk factors for health among the most vulnerable, unhoused individuals, and provides a detailed case study on the potential exposures to emotional and physical traumas for unhoused people in early-stage gentrifying areas. By conducting 17 semi-structured interviews with people who work with the unhoused community - health providers, nonprofit employees, neighborhood representatives, and developers - in Kensington, Philadelphia, we analyze how early-stage gentrification impacts the risks for negative health consequences among unhoused groups. Results show that gentrification impacts the health of unhoused people in four main areas that, all together, create what we identify as a "trauma machine" - that is compounding traumas for unhoused residents by 1) reducing and compromising spaces of safety from violent crime, 2) decreasing public services, 3) threatening the quality of healthcare, and 4) increasing the likelihood of displacement and associated trauma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Residence Characteristics ; Housing ; Violence ; Public Health ; Ill-Housed Persons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1262540-1
ISSN	1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
ISSN (online)	1873-2054
ISSN	1353-8292
DOI	10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103035
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Article: Vaping: Public Health, Social Media, and Toxicity.

Sun, Yehao / Prabhu, Prital / Li, Dongmei / McIntosh, Scott / Rahman, Irfan

Online journal of public health informatics

2024 Volume 16, Page(s) e53245

Abstract: This viewpoint aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vaping from various perspectives that contribute to the invention, development, spread, and consequences of e-cigarette products and vaping. Our analysis showed that the specific ... ...

Abstract	This viewpoint aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vaping from various perspectives that contribute to the invention, development, spread, and consequences of e-cigarette products and vaping. Our analysis showed that the specific characteristics of e-cigarette products as well as marketing strategies, especially social media marketing, fostered the spread of vaping and the subsequent effects on human health and toxicity. We analyzed the components of e-cigarette devices and e-liquids, including the latest variants whose impacts were often overlooked. The different forms of nicotine, including salts and freebase nicotine, tobacco-derived nicotine, tobacco-free nicotine, and cooling agents (WS3 and WS23), have brought more choices for vapers along with more ways for e-cigarette manufacturers to advertise false understandings and present a greater threat to vapers' health. Our work emphasized the products of brands that have gained significant influence recently, which are contributing to severe public health issues. On the other hand, we also discussed in detail the toxicity of e-liquid components and proposed a toxicity mechanism. We also noticed that nicotine and other chemicals in e-liquids promote each other's negative effects through the oxidative stress and inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, a mechanism leading to pulmonary symptoms and addiction. The impact of government regulations on the products themselves, including flavor bans or regulations, has been limited. Therefore, we proposed further interventions or harm reduction strategies from a public health perspective.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606835-7
ISSN	1947-2579
ISSN	1947-2579
DOI	10.2196/53245
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Article ; Online: Quality Improvement for Health Care Providers in Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

Hashmi, Irma / Chadha, Nikita / McIntosh, Georgia / Sterling, Richard

The American journal of gastroenterology

2023

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390122-1
ISSN	1572-0241 ; 0002-9270
ISSN (online)	1572-0241
ISSN	0002-9270
DOI	10.14309/ajg.0000000000002609
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Article ; Online: Global trends in psycho-oncology research investments 2016-2020: A content analysis.

Conti, Isabella / Davidson, Mitchell / Cutress, Ramsey I / McIntosh, Stuart A / Head, Michael G

Psycho-oncology

2023 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) e6273

Abstract: Objective: An estimated one-third of cancer patients experience a clinically significant psychological disorder, however it is unclear to what extent this is reflected in research funding. To address this a systematic analysis the allocation of psycho- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: An estimated one-third of cancer patients experience a clinically significant psychological disorder, however it is unclear to what extent this is reflected in research funding. To address this a systematic analysis the allocation of psycho-oncology research funding globally between 2016 and 2020 was conducted. Methods: A global dataset of 66,388 cancer research awards, from 2016 to 2020 inclusive and totalling $24.5 billion USD was assembled from public and philanthropic funders. Each award was previously categorised by cancer site type and research theme, including psychosocial research and these awards were further sub-categorised for this analysis. Results: There was $523m of funding awarded for psychological research across 1122 studies: 2.14% of all cancer research funding during this period ($24.5 billion). Median funding per award was $97,473 (IQR $36,864 - $453,051). Within psychological research, mental health received most funding ($174m, 33.5% of psychological funding). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focused research was the specific psychological support with the highest proportion of funding at $14 million. By country of funder, the USA provided most investment ($375.5 m, 71.8%). Conclusions: Psycho-oncology research received relatively little funding, for example, when compared with pre-clinical cancer research. There needs to be a shift from pre-clinical science to research that benefits cancer patients in the shorter-term. Low- and middle-income countries, and ethnic minorities in higher-income settings, were underrepresented despite having a large cancer burden, indicating inequities that need to be addressed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Biomedical Research ; Psycho-Oncology ; Investments ; Neoplasms/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1118536-3
ISSN	1099-1611 ; 1057-9249
ISSN (online)	1099-1611
ISSN	1057-9249
DOI	10.1002/pon.6273
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Article ; Online: The DNA damage induced immune response: Implications for cancer therapy.

Barros, Eliana M / McIntosh, Stuart A / Savage, Kienan I

DNA repair

2022 Volume 120, Page(s) 103409

Abstract: Genomic instability is a hallmark of tumourigenesis, influencing tumour development and progression. In particular, defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) have been extensively investigated and are known to shape therapeutic response. Since immune ... ...

Abstract	Genomic instability is a hallmark of tumourigenesis, influencing tumour development and progression. In particular, defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) have been extensively investigated and are known to shape therapeutic response. Since immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has been approved for treatment of tumours with defective mismatch repair the interplay between DDR pathway deficiency and the immune system has been of particular interest. The cGAS/STING signalling pathway has recently emerged as a key mediator of inflammation in response to DNA damage.This was identified through transcriptional profiling of BRCA1/2 deficient breast cancers and Fanconi Anaemia (FA) patient bone marrow, revealing a common transcriptional subgroup associated with BRCA1/2 and FA deficiency characterised by upregulation of innate immune signalling genes. Additionally, it is now apparent that the DNA damage arising from a multitude of DNA repair defects and DNA damage induced by some classical chemotherapies/radiation also has the ability to induce an innate immune response mediated by cGAS/STING activation. Here we review the role of intrinsic and extrinsic DNA damage in mediating immune activation and its context within tumourigenesis, as well as the potential therapeutic opportunities it represents for the treatment of cancer, such as combining DNA damaging agents with immunotherapies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; DNA Damage ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Genomic Instability ; Fanconi Anemia ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Carcinogenesis
Chemical Substances	Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2071608-4
ISSN	1568-7856 ; 1568-7864
ISSN (online)	1568-7856
ISSN	1568-7864
DOI	10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103409
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Article ; Online: Psychotic PTSD? Sudden traumatic loss precipitating very late onset schizophrenia.

McIntosh, Iris / Story, Giles W

BMJ case reports

2021 Volume 14, Issue 1

Abstract: Early theories of schizophrenia considered the illness as a fragmentation of mental content in response to psychological trauma. Here we present a case of very late onset schizophrenia in a previously high-functioning man in his mid-60s, precipitated by ... ...

Abstract	Early theories of schizophrenia considered the illness as a fragmentation of mental content in response to psychological trauma. Here we present a case of very late onset schizophrenia in a previously high-functioning man in his mid-60s, precipitated by having lost his family in a terrorist attack, while he was living in Africa. He presented with symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder, however also exhibited visual and auditory hallucinations and marked deterioration in daily functioning. He showed mild impairment on cognitive testing, however brain imaging and screening for reversible causes of cognitive impairment were normal. The case highlights the need for a formulation-based approach to understanding and managing responses to severe trauma, from resolution through to psychotic disintegration.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Bereavement ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Hallucinations/psychology ; Humans ; Late Onset Disorders ; Male ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Self-Neglect/psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Terrorism
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2020-235384
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Article: The Hip-spine Assessment of a Novel Surgical Planning Software Provides Acetabular Component Targets That Are Reliable and in Agreement With Current Clinical Recommendations.

McIntosh, Emily I / Sarpong, Nana O / Steele, John R / Davis, Elizabeth / Muir, Jeffrey M / Canoles, Haley G / Vigdorchik, Jonathan M

Arthroplasty today

2024 Volume 25, Page(s) 101288

Abstract: Background: Spinopelvic immobility has been reported to increase dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty. Surgically placing acetabular components in a functional orientation has been shown to mitigate risk. The aim of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Spinopelvic immobility has been reported to increase dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty. Surgically placing acetabular components in a functional orientation has been shown to mitigate risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of novel surgical planning software to generate clinically recommended cup targets. Methods: Hip-spine assessments were performed retrospectively on 40 patients. Five reviewers, including 3 arthroplasty-trained surgical fellows and 2 clinical research scientists performed the assessments. Hip-spine assessments consisted of measuring anterior pelvic plane tilt, sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and lumbar lordosis on standing anteroposterior pelvis and lateral standing and seated hip-spine images. Generated cup targets and a control group (40°/20° relative to the anterior pelvic plane) were compared to clinically recommended cup targets. Agreement was defined as a cup position within the recommended range or within 3° of a specific target (eg, 40° inclination) when no range was provided. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess interrater and intrarater reliability, and McNemar's chi-square test was used to measure success relative to the control group. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88 for delta sacral slope and 0.92 for pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch. For patients with spinopelvic risk factors, the generated targets matched the clinical recommendations in 81% of patients compared to only 16% in the control group. Conclusions: Excellent interrater and intrarater reliability was achieved using the novel surgical planning software. The resultant target values agreed with clinical recommendations to a greater extent than the control group.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2352-3441
ISSN	2352-3441
DOI	10.1016/j.artd.2023.101288
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Article ; Online: Spatial and Temporal Variability of Saxitoxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in U.S. Urban Lakes.

Jeon, Youchul / Struewing, Ian / McIntosh, Kyle / Tidd, Marcie / Webb, Laura / Ryu, Hodon / Mash, Heath / Lu, Jingrang

Toxins

2024 Volume 16, Issue 2

Abstract: Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are of growing global concern due to their production of toxic compounds, which threaten ecosystems and human health. Saxitoxins (STXs), commonly known as paralytic shellfish poison, are a neurotoxic alkaloid produced ...

Abstract	Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are of growing global concern due to their production of toxic compounds, which threaten ecosystems and human health. Saxitoxins (STXs), commonly known as paralytic shellfish poison, are a neurotoxic alkaloid produced by some cyanobacteria. Although many field studies indicate a widespread distribution of STX, it is understudied relative to other cyanotoxins such as microcystins (MCs). In this study, we assessed eleven U.S. urban lakes using qPCR,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Saxitoxin/analysis ; Lakes/analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Cyanobacteria/genetics ; Aphanizomenon/genetics
Chemical Substances	Saxitoxin (35523-89-8) ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins16020070
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Article ; Online: Performance during reactive handrail grasping during forward walking by young and older adults with and without prior knowledge of the direction of movement is correlated with grip strength.

McIntosh, Emily I / Vallis, Lori Ann

Experimental gerontology

2021 Volume 151, Page(s) 111386

Abstract: It has been suggested that the most frequent cause of falls in assisted-living facilities is due to incorrect weight shifting. Lateral instability and weakness have also been linked to falls risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate balance ... ...

Abstract	It has been suggested that the most frequent cause of falls in assisted-living facilities is due to incorrect weight shifting. Lateral instability and weakness have also been linked to falls risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate balance responses to weight shifting during walking and to investigate age-related changes in movement and strength. Thirty-two participants (16 young, 16 older) completed 12 straight walking trials and 6 trials in each condition where a weight shift was required to grasp a handrail. Instructions were to walk down the pathway and, if cued, grasp the handrail as quickly as possible. Conditions included left and right grasping trials, with and without prior knowledge about the movement direction. Kinematic data were recorded and center of mass (COM) was calculated to examine whole body movements. A clinical balance test, strength, and body composition measures were captured to facilitate exploration into the relationship of these measures with reactive movements used during weight transfers. Young adults had quicker lateral COM velocities and reached peak velocity earlier. Males completed the task quicker than females and, for everyone, having knowledge about direction enabled quicker responses. Grip strength was correlated to most performance metrics in this study; more-so than body composition. Slower reactive movements might reflect a more cautious strategy in the older adults or it may highlight changes that occur with increased age and strength changes.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Male ; Movement ; Postural Balance ; Walking
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390992-x
ISSN	1873-6815 ; 0531-5565
ISSN (online)	1873-6815
ISSN	0531-5565
DOI	10.1016/j.exger.2021.111386
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Article: Periodic Addition of Glucose Suppressed Cyanobacterial Abundance in Additive Lake Water Samples during the Entire Bloom Season.

Linz, David / Struewing, Ian / Sienkiewicz, Nathan / Steinman, Alan David / Partridge, Charlyn Gwen / McIntosh, Kyle / Allen, Joel / Lu, Jingrang / Vesper, Stephen

Journal of water resource and protection

2024 Volume 16, Page(s) 140–155

Abstract: Previously, we showed that prophylactic addition of glucose to Harsha Lake water samples could inhibit cyanobacteria growth, at least for a short period of time. The current study tested cyanobacterial control with glucose for the entire Harsha Lake ... ...

Abstract	Previously, we showed that prophylactic addition of glucose to Harsha Lake water samples could inhibit cyanobacteria growth, at least for a short period of time. The current study tested cyanobacterial control with glucose for the entire Harsha Lake bloom season. Water samples (1000 ml) were collected weekly from Harsha Lake during the algal-bloom season starting June 9 and lasting until August 24, 2022. To each of two 7-liter polypropylene containers, 500 ml of Harsha Lake water was added, and the containers were placed in a controlled environment chamber. To one container labeled "Treated," 0.15 g of glucose was added, and nothing was added to the container labeled "Control." After that, three 25 ml samples from each container were collected and used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing each week. Then 1000 ml of Harsha Lake water was newly collected each week, with 500 ml added to each container, along with the addition of 0.15 g glucose to the "Treated" container. Sequencing data were used to examine differences in the composition of bacterial communities between Treated and Control containers. Treatment with glucose altered the microbial communities by 1) reducing taxonomic diversity, 2) largely eliminating cyanobacterial taxa, and 3) increasing the relative abundance of subsets of non-cyanobacterial taxa (such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota). These effects were observed across time despite weekly inputs derived directly from Lake water. The addition of glucose to a container receiving weekly additions of Lake water suppressed the cyanobacterial populations during the entire summer bloom season. The glucose appears to stimulate the diversity of certain bacterial taxa at the expense of the cyanobacteria.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2610067-8
ISSN	1945-3108 ; 1945-3094
ISSN (online)	1945-3108
ISSN	1945-3094
DOI	10.4236/jwarp.2024.162009
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