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  1. Article: A Review on the Prevalence of Poor Mental Health in the Construction Industry.

    Blair Winkler, Rachel / Middleton, Campbell / Remes, Olivia

    Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 5

    Abstract: A plethora of studies on the prevalence of poor mental health have been undertaken in the general population. Nevertheless, an understanding of the prevalence of poor mental health in the context of high-risk settings, such as construction, is missing. ... ...

    Abstract A plethora of studies on the prevalence of poor mental health have been undertaken in the general population. Nevertheless, an understanding of the prevalence of poor mental health in the context of high-risk settings, such as construction, is missing. This is noteworthy as poor mental health is widespread in this context. Given that over 100 million people work in construction on a global scale, a better understanding of the burden of poor mental health in construction is needed. To this end, a review on the prevalence of key mental health-related conditions in construction was undertaken. Through this review, over 1000 papers were identified through PubMed and Google Scholar. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final set of 19 documents were included. Results showed that anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as psychological distress, have a high burden in construction. Vulnerable population subgroups (e.g., women, minority ethnic groups) were identified. Construction is a high-risk setting and despite this, the burden of poor mental health in this context is not given the importance it deserves. This review sheds light on the prevalence of key conditions, which are linked to high humanistic and economic burden. This review provides a foundation and useful starting point for further investigations, and results from this review may be used to inform future research, workplace interventions, and policy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2721009-1
    ISSN 2227-9032
    ISSN 2227-9032
    DOI 10.3390/healthcare12050570
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of De Novo Malignancy following Kidney Transplantation.

    Chukwu, Chukwuma A / Wu, Henry H L / Pullerits, Kairi / Garland, Shona / Middleton, Rachel / Chinnadurai, Rajkumar / Kalra, Philip A

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 7

    Abstract: Introduction: ...

    Abstract Introduction:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm13071872
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The effect of primary renal disease upon outcomes after renal transplant.

    Garland, Shona / Pullerits, Kairi / Chukwu, Chukwuma A / Chinnadurai, Rajkumar / Middleton, Rachel / Kalra, Philip A

    Clinical transplantation

    2024  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) e15216

    Abstract: Background: This study investigated whether nature of primary renal disease affects clinical outcomes after renal transplantation at a single center in the United Kingdom.: Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 961 renal transplant ... ...

    Abstract Background: This study investigated whether nature of primary renal disease affects clinical outcomes after renal transplantation at a single center in the United Kingdom.
    Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 961 renal transplant recipients followed up at a large renal center from 2000 to 2020. Separation of diseases responsible for end-stage kidney disease included glomerulonephritis, diabetic kidney disease, hypertensive nephropathy, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, unknown cause, other causes and chronic pyelonephritis. Outcome data included graft loss, cardiovascular events, malignancy, post-transplant diabetes mellitus and death, analyzed according to primary disease type.
    Results: The mean age at transplantation was 47.3 years. During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 18% of the overall cohort died corresponding to an annualised mortality rate of 2.3%. Death with a functioning graft occurred at a rate of 2.1% per annum, with the highest incidence observed in in patients with diabetic kidney disease (4.1%/year). Post-transplant cardiovascular events occurred in 21% of recipients (2.8% per year), again highest in recipients with diabetic kidney disease (5.1%/year) and hypertensive nephropathy (4.5%/year). Post-transplant diabetes mellitus manifested in 19% of the cohort at an annualized rate of2.1% while cancer incidence stood at 9% with an annualized rate of 1.1% . Graft loss occurred in 6.8% of recipients at the rate of1.2% per year with chronic allograft injury, acute rejection and recurrent glomerulonephritis being the predominant causative factors. Median + IQR dialysis-free survival of the whole cohort was 16.2 (9.9 - > 20) years, being shortest for diabetic kidney disease (11.0 years) and greatest for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (18.2 years) .The collective mean decline in eGFR over time was -1.14ml/min/year. Recipients with Pre-transplant diabetic kidney disease exhibited the fastest rate of decline(-2.1ml/min/year) a statistically significant difference in comparison to the other native kidney diseases with Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease exhibiting the lowest rate of decline(-0.05ml/min/year) CONCLUSION: Primary renal disease can influence the outcome after renal transplantation, with patients with prior diabetic kidney disease having the poorest outcome in terms of dialysis-free survival and loss of transplant function. Autosomal polycystic kidney disease, other cause and unknown cause had the best outcomes compared to other primary renal disease groups.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Retrospective Studies ; Hypertension, Renal ; Glomerulonephritis ; Nephritis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-07
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639001-8
    ISSN 1399-0012 ; 0902-0063
    ISSN (online) 1399-0012
    ISSN 0902-0063
    DOI 10.1111/ctr.15216
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: An on-call escape room: Escaping the monotony of a didactic induction for doctors.

    Lam, Angela / Rogerson, Frances / Emery, Rachel / Middleton, Mark

    Medical teacher

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 375–379

    Abstract: Aims: To establish an on-call escape room as a novel educational tool for Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors' induction at Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals Trust. The escape room simulates common on-call scenarios for newly qualified doctors, with ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To establish an on-call escape room as a novel educational tool for Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors' induction at Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals Trust. The escape room simulates common on-call scenarios for newly qualified doctors, with a view to facilitating communication and teamwork with unfamiliar peers and establishing a safe environment to develop practical skills. Ultimately aiming to reduce anxiety and improve confidence amongst our FY1 cohort.
    Methods: A pilot escape room, as a simulated on-call shift with nine clinical scenarios, was designed for groups of 4-5 doctors. Following feedback, a 70-minute escape room with 17 clinical scenarios was established. Sequential completion of tasks would 'unlock' the door to handover with a senior colleague, thereby finishing the 'shift'. Questionnaires utilised a 10-point Likert scale to assess confidence and anxiety levels with regards to on-call shifts. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's
    Results: Pilot:
    Conclusion: Incorporating an on-call escape room scenario into induction has demonstrably increased confidence levels and reduced anxiety levels amongst new FY1 doctors. This novel teaching method maximises participant engagement with the view to an enhanced learning experience.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Physicians ; Learning ; Communication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2022.2133999
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Utilizing Exposure and Response Prevention to Address Poor Insight in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

    Middleton, Rachel R / Hezel, Dianne M

    Journal of cognitive psychotherapy

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 213–227

    Abstract: Studies indicate that approximately 9%-30% of adults diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder have poor insight into their symptoms. That is, they fail to recognize the excessiveness or irrationality of the obsessive thoughts or their compulsive ... ...

    Abstract Studies indicate that approximately 9%-30% of adults diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder have poor insight into their symptoms. That is, they fail to recognize the excessiveness or irrationality of the obsessive thoughts or their compulsive behaviors. Poor insight in OCD is associated with more severe symptoms, earlier age of illness onset, longer illness duration, and higher rates of comorbid depression. Moreover, some studies have also reported that patients with poor insight are less likely than are those with good or fair insight to respond to first-line treatments such as exposure and response prevention (ERP). Despite the clinical relevance of poor insight, very little research has focused on how to enhance therapy with strategies specifically used to target it. In this report, we use a case study to demonstrate how different techniques can be emphasized or integrated with standard ERP to improve treatment outcomes for this subset of patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1938-887X
    ISSN (online) 1938-887X
    DOI 10.1891/0889-8391.33.3.213
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The NHS long term plan and public health.

    Chapman, Rachel / Middleton, John

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2019  Volume 364, Page(s) l218

    MeSH term(s) Delivery of Health Care/methods ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Public Health/methods ; State Medicine/organization & administration ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.l218
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

    Viswanathan, Meera / Urrutia, Rachel Peragallo / Hudson, Kesha N / Middleton, Jennifer Cook / Kahwati, Leila C

    JAMA

    2023  Volume 330, Issue 5, Page(s) 460–466

    Abstract: Importance: Neural tube defects are among the most common birth defects in the US.: Objective: To review new evidence on the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects to inform the US Preventive ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Neural tube defects are among the most common birth defects in the US.
    Objective: To review new evidence on the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.
    Evidence review: Sources included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and trial registries from July 1, 2015, through July 2, 2021; references; and experts, with surveillance through February 10, 2023. Two investigators independently reviewed English-language randomized studies and nonrandomized cohort studies in very highly developed countries that focused on the use of folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies; methodological quality was dually and independently assessed.
    Findings: Twelve observational studies (reported in 13 publications) were eligible for this limited update (N = 1 244 072). Of these, 3 studies (n = 990 372) reported on the effect of folic acid supplementation on neural tube defects. For harms, 9 studies were eligible: 1 randomized clinical trial (n = 431) reported on variations in twin delivery, 7 observational studies (n = 761 125) reported on the incidence of autism spectrum disorder, and 1 observational study (n = 429 004) reported on maternal cancer. Two cohort studies and 1 case-control study newly identified in this update reported on the association between folic acid supplementation and neural tube defects (n = 990 372). One cohort study reported a statistically significant reduced risk of neural tube defects associated with folic acid supplementation taken before pregnancy (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31-0.91]), during pregnancy (aRR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.39-0.97]), and before and during pregnancy (aRR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.29-0.83]), but this association occurred for only the later of 2 periods studied (2006-2013 and not 1999-2005). No other statistically significant benefits were reported overall. No study reported statistically significant harms (multiple gestation, autism, and maternal cancer) associated with pregnancy-related folic acid exposure.
    Conclusions and relevance: New evidence from observational studies provided additional evidence of the benefit of folic acid supplementation for preventing neural tube defects and no evidence of harms related to multiple gestation, autism, or maternal cancer. The new evidence was consistent with previously reviewed evidence on benefits and harms.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/chemically induced ; Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Folic Acid/administration & dosage ; Folic Acid/adverse effects ; Folic Acid/therapeutic use ; Neural Tube Defects/etiology ; Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Pregnancy Complications/etiology ; Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control ; Risk ; Preconception Care ; Prenatal Care
    Chemical Substances Folic Acid (935E97BOY8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2023.9864
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  8. Article ; Online: Cytokine imbalance in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

    Middleton, Francis M / McGregor, Reuben / Webb, Rachel H / Wilson, Nigel J / Moreland, Nicole J

    Autoimmunity reviews

    2022  Volume 21, Issue 12, Page(s) 103209

    Abstract: Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) are autoimmune sequelae of Group A Streptococcus infection with significant global disease burden. The pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly understood, and no immune modulating therapies ... ...

    Abstract Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) are autoimmune sequelae of Group A Streptococcus infection with significant global disease burden. The pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly understood, and no immune modulating therapies are available to stop progression from ARF to RHD. Cytokines and chemokines are immune signaling molecules critical to the development of autoimmune diseases. An increasing number of studies point to a central role for pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ARF and RHD pathogenesis, in particular IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, and TNFα, which are elevated in circulation in both ARF and RHD patients. Histological studies of RHD valve tissue implicates Th1 and Th17 associated pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokine CXCL9, and the fibrosis-associated cytokine TGF-β in progressive cycles of inflammatory damage and fibrotic repair. Taken together, this suggests immune molecules contribute to both the acute inflammatory disease stage of ARF, as well as cardiac remodeling and valve dysfunction in RHD. Monoclonal antibody blockade of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα are approved therapies for many autoimmune diseases and the most successful immunomodulating therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Current evidence suggests possible benefit for ARF patients from IL-6 and TNFα blockade, in particular to interrupt progression to RHD, and warrants immediate investigation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2144145-5
    ISSN 1873-0183 ; 1568-9972
    ISSN (online) 1873-0183
    ISSN 1568-9972
    DOI 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103209
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  9. Article ; Online: Managing recurrent urinary tract infections in kidney transplant recipients using smartphone assisted urinalysis test.

    Chukwu, Chukwuma A / Rao, Anirudh / Kalra, Phillip A / Middleton, Rachel

    Journal of renal care

    2021  Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 119–127

    Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infection is the most frequent infectious complication in allograft recipients with poor outcomes. The study aimed to assess the effect of self-testing urine dipsticks at home, with the assistance of smartphone technology, on ... ...

    Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection is the most frequent infectious complication in allograft recipients with poor outcomes. The study aimed to assess the effect of self-testing urine dipsticks at home, with the assistance of smartphone technology, on the occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI)-associated complications and frequency and length of hospital admissions.
    Method: We performed a retrospective cohort study of kidney transplant recipients with a history of recurrent UTI who used a newly introduced smartphone-assisted dipsticks urinalysis test for self-monitoring. Participants self-administered the home urinalysis test with symptom onset. Antibiotics were prescribed if an infection was suspected, and home urinalysis was positive. The incidence of urinary infections, hospitalisations, and complications was evaluated before and during the home urinalysis period. Remote and face-to-face interactions with healthcare personnel were also assessed (cases acted as their controls).
    Results: Nineteen participants were included in the study. A total of 89.5% were females. Ninety home urinalysis tests were conducted over a mean period of 7 months. Sixty-one of these were pre-antibiotic. A total of 42.2% of all tests and 47.5% of the pre-antibiotic tests were positive. UTI-related hospitalisations were lower by 75% during the home urinalysis period; mean 1.26 (0.8-1.6) versus 0.32 (-0.01-0.6). The incidence of infection-related complications was also 65% lower; mean 1.52 (0.8-2.2) versus 0.52 (-0.2-1.2) during the same period. The number of face-to-face interactions was slightly lower; mean 1.9 (1.1-2.2) versus 1.7 (0.6-2.8), with more remote interactions; mean 6.0 (3.7-8.5) versus 10.4 (6.5-14.3), during smartphone urinalysis. Fifty per cent of antibiotic-treated UTI episodes had antibiotics within 24 h, rising to 82% within 48 h of a test.
    Conclusion: Smartphone-assisted home urinalysis enabled remote management of UTI in a high-risk population. Outcomes point to a reduction in UTI complications and hospitalisations.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Smartphone ; Transplant Recipients ; Urinalysis/adverse effects ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2375362-6
    ISSN 1755-6686 ; 1755-6678 ; 1019-083X
    ISSN (online) 1755-6686
    ISSN 1755-6678 ; 1019-083X
    DOI 10.1111/jorc.12405
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  10. Article ; Online: Collaborative evaluation of a pilot involvement opportunity: Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Voice of Experience College.

    Knowles, Sarah / Morley, Karen / Foster, Rob / Middleton, Amy / Pinar, Semra / Rose, Fiona / Williams, Emma / Hendon, Jessica / Churchill, Rachel

    Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 2428–2440

    Abstract: Background: Involving consumers in systematic reviews can make them more valuable and help achieve goals around transparency. Systematic reviews are technically complex and training can be needed to enable consumers to engage with them fully. The ... ...

    Abstract Background: Involving consumers in systematic reviews can make them more valuable and help achieve goals around transparency. Systematic reviews are technically complex and training can be needed to enable consumers to engage with them fully. The Cochrane Common Mental Disorders group sought to engage people with lived experience of mental health problems in the Voice of Experience College, three workshops introducing them to systematic review methods and to opportunities to contribute as Cochrane consumers. We aimed to collectively evaluate the College from the perspective of both facilitators and consumers, to critically reflect on the experience, and to identify how the College could be sustained and spread to other review groups.
    Methods: This study was a longitudinal qualitative and collaborative evaluation, structured around normalisation process theory. Both facilitators and consumers were involved in not only providing their perspectives but also reflecting on these together to identify key learning points.
    Results: The workshops were positively evaluated as being engaging and supportive, largely due to the relational skills of the facilitators, and their willingness to engage in joint or two-way learning. The College suffered from a lack of clarity over the role of consumers after the College itself, with a need for greater communication to check assumptions and clarify expectations. This was not achieved due to pandemic disruptions, which nevertheless demonstrated that resources for involvement were not prioritised as core business during this period.
    Conclusions: Soft skills around communication and support are crucial to effective consumer engagement. Sustaining involvement requires sustained communication and opportunities to reflect together on opportunities and challenges. This requires committed resources to ensure involvement activity is prioritised. This is critical as negative experiences later in the involvement journey can undermine originally positive experiences if contributors are unclear as to what their involvement can lead to. Open discussions about this are necessary to avoid conflicting assumptions. The spread of the approach to other review groups could be achieved by flexibly adapting to group-specific resources and settings, but maintaining a core focus on collaborative relationships as the key mechanism of engagement.
    Patient and public contribution: Public contributors were collaborators throughout the evaluation process and have co-authored the paper.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Communication ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2119434-8
    ISSN 1369-7625 ; 1369-6513
    ISSN (online) 1369-7625
    ISSN 1369-6513
    DOI 10.1111/hex.13835
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