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  1. Article ; Online: A Simple and Versatile Test for Elbow Posterolateral Rotatory Instability.

    Goldin, Amanda N / Dwight, Kathryn D / Hentzen, Eric R / Leek, Bryan T / Hughes-Austin, Jan M / Ward, Samuel R / Abrams, Reid A

    Hand (New York, N.Y.)

    2023  , Page(s) 15589447231185585

    Abstract: Background: Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) results from lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LCL) deficiency. The lateral pivot shift test is used to diagnose PLRI but can be difficult to perform and is poorly tolerated. We present a new ... ...

    Abstract Background: Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) results from lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LCL) deficiency. The lateral pivot shift test is used to diagnose PLRI but can be difficult to perform and is poorly tolerated. We present a new maneuver, the Posterior Radiocapitellar Subluxation Test (PRST), that we believe is easier to perform. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and reproducibility of the PRST with the lateral pivot shift test.
    Methods: We obtained 10 cadaveric upper extremity specimens, performed a Kocher approach on each, released the LCL origin in 5, then closed. The specimens were randomized, and 3 attending orthopedic surgeons and 1 resident blindly performed the PRST then the lateral pivot shift test after re-randomization and assessed presence or absence of PLRI. This process was repeated the following day. The data for each test were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
    Results: For the blinded testing when comparing PRST with the pivot shift test, overall accuracy was 77.5%, compared with 67.5% (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2277325-3
    ISSN 1558-9455 ; 1558-9447
    ISSN (online) 1558-9455
    ISSN 1558-9447
    DOI 10.1177/15589447231185585
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  2. Article ; Online: Evaluating the impact of genomic epidemiology of methicillin-resistant

    Blane, Beth / Raven, Kathy E / Brown, Nicholas M / Harrison, Ewan M / Coll, Francesc / Thaxter, Rachel / Enoch, David A / Gouliouris, Theodore / Leek, Danielle / Girgis, Sophia T / Akram, Asha / Matuszewska, Marta / Rhodes, Paul / Parkhill, Julian / Peacock, Sharon J

    Microbial genomics

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 4

    Abstract: Genomic epidemiology enhances the ability to detect and refute methicillin- ... ...

    Abstract Genomic epidemiology enhances the ability to detect and refute methicillin-resistant
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Cross Infection/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; Genomics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835258-0
    ISSN 2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
    ISSN (online) 2057-5858
    ISSN 2057-5858
    DOI 10.1099/mgen.0.001235
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  3. Article ; Online: The Role of Pretherapy Quantitative Imaging and Dosimetry in Radioiodine Therapy for Advanced Thyroid Cancer.

    Taprogge, Jan / Abreu, Carla / Yusuf, Siraj / Ainsworth, Gemma / Phillip, Rachel H / Gear, Jonathan I / Gregory, Rebecca / Leek, Francesca / Murray, Iain / Coulson, Amy B / Brown, Sarah R / Du, Yong / Newbold, Kate / Wadsley, Jonathan / Flux, Glenn D

    Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

    2023  Volume 64, Issue 7, Page(s) 1125–1130

    Abstract: Radioactive iodine is well established as a successful treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), although around 15% of patients have local recurrence or develop distant metastases and may become refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI). A ... ...

    Abstract Radioactive iodine is well established as a successful treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), although around 15% of patients have local recurrence or develop distant metastases and may become refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI). A personalized approach to treatment, based on the absorbed radiation doses delivered and using treatments to enhance RAI uptake, has not yet been developed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Radiometry ; Diagnostic Imaging
    Chemical Substances Iodine Radioisotopes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80272-4
    ISSN 1535-5667 ; 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    ISSN (online) 1535-5667
    ISSN 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    DOI 10.2967/jnumed.122.264913
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  4. Article ; Online: Obstructive sleep Apnea's association with the cervical spine abnormalities, posture, and pain: a systematic review.

    Pham, Tri / Lin, Chung-Kuang / Leek, Dustin / Chandrashekhar, Ravindra / Annaswamy, Thiru M

    Sleep medicine

    2020  Volume 75, Page(s) 468–476

    Abstract: Objectives: While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with several chronic health conditions such as hypertension, obesity, and chronic hypoxia, there is limited information on its association with neuromuscular and spinal pathologies that may ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with several chronic health conditions such as hypertension, obesity, and chronic hypoxia, there is limited information on its association with neuromuscular and spinal pathologies that may be of interest to a musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine or pain management clinician. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic literature review to examine the association between OSA and cervical spine pathologies, postural changes, and pain.
    Design: We systematically reviewed PubMed and Embase databases up to 4/15/2019. We included studies that explored associations between OSA and a) pain, b) postural characteristics or changes, or c) cervical spine morphology. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies were included. Case reports, narrative reviews or expert opinion papers were excluded. From the articles that met selection criteria, information regarding type, direction and magnitude of such associations was extracted. The OSA-pain association studies were further divided into 3 subgroups: neuropathic, temporomandibular, and chronic pain.
    Results: 21 articles that met our study criteria were selected for this review. Two studies were on cervical spine pathologies, eight on postural changes, and eleven on pain associated with OSA. Exploring the association between OSA and cervical spine pathologies, postural changes, and pain in this systematic review we found: (1) Cervical spine lesions, fusions, and abnormalities that reduce retropharyngeal space are associated with OSA, likely by way of worsening posture and decreasing range of motion. (2) Head extension and anteriorization are associated with OSA likely as a compensatory mechanism. Extension may improve airway function, while anteriorization helps to maintain visual sense. (3) Head-of-bed-elevation may improve OSA symptoms and can possibly supplement other conservative treatment measures. (4) Neuropathic pain is associated with OSA, likely by way of inflammatory pathways. (5) Oral appliance use (eg mandibular advancement/protruding device) in OSA likely contributes to transient temporomandibular pain. (6) There is little association between OSA and chronic pain prevalence. (7) Increased pain intensity and decreased pain tolerance are somewhat associated with OSA, likely by way of hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation.
    Conclusions: Clinicians in MSK and pain medicine need to consider these associations and consider obtaining imaging studies and/or making referrals for management of their OSA to better provide appropriate care to these patients.
    MeSH term(s) Cervical Vertebrae ; Chronic Pain ; Humans ; Posture ; Respiratory System ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2012041-2
    ISSN 1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
    ISSN (online) 1878-5506
    ISSN 1389-9457
    DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.008
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    Zs.A 5315: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 635: Show issues

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  5. Article ; Online: Task-modulated Sensitivity to Vocal Pitch in the Dorsal Premotor Cortex during Multitalker Speech Recognition.

    Venezia, Jonathan H / Herrera, Christian / Whittle, Nicole / Leek, Marjorie R / Barnes, Samuel / Holshouser, Barbara / Yi, Alex

    Journal of cognitive neuroscience

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 11, Page(s) 2189–2214

    Abstract: ... The model's drift rate parameter, a d'-like measure of performance, was strongly associated with vocal pitch ...

    Abstract It has long been known that listening to speech activates inferior frontal (pre-)motor regions in addition to a more dorsal premotor site (dPM). Recent work shows that dPM, located adjacent to laryngeal motor cortex, responds to low-level acoustic speech cues including vocal pitch, and the speech envelope, in addition to higher-level cues such as phoneme categories. An emerging hypothesis is that dPM is part of a general auditory-guided laryngeal control circuit that plays a role in producing speech and other voluntary auditory-vocal behaviors. We recently reported a study in which dPM responded to vocal pitch during a degraded speech recognition task, but only when speech was rated as unintelligible; dPM was more robustly modulated by the categorical difference between intelligible and unintelligible speech. Contrary to the general auditory-vocal hypothesis, this suggests intelligible speech is the primary driver of dPM. However, the same pattern of results was observed in pitch-sensitive auditory cortex. Crucially, vocal pitch was not relevant to the intelligibility judgment task, which may have facilitated processing of phonetic information at the expense of vocal pitch cues. The present fMRI study (n = 25) tests the hypothesis that, for a multitalker task that emphasizes pitch for talker segregation, left dPM and pitch-sensitive auditory regions will respond to vocal pitch regardless of overall speech intelligibility. This would suggest that pitch processing is indeed a primary concern of this circuit, apparent during perception only when the task demands it. Spectrotemporal modulation distortion was used to independently modulate vocal pitch and phonetic content in two-talker (male/female) utterances across two conditions (Competing, Unison), only one of which required pitch-based segregation (Competing). A Bayesian hierarchical drift-diffusion model was used to predict speech recognition performance from patterns of spectrotemporal distortion imposed on each trial. The model's drift rate parameter, a d'-like measure of performance, was strongly associated with vocal pitch for Competing but not Unison. Using a second Bayesian hierarchical model, we identified regions where behaviorally relevant acoustic features were related to fMRI activation in dPM. We regressed the hierarchical drift-diffusion model's posterior predictions of trial-wise drift rate, reflecting the relative presence or absence of behaviorally relevant acoustic features from trial to trial, against trial-wise activation amplitude. A significant positive association with overall drift rate, reflecting vocal pitch and phonetic cues related to overall intelligibility, was observed in left dPM and bilateral auditory cortex in both conditions. A significant positive association with "pitch-restricted" drift rate, reflecting only the relative presence or absence of behaviorally relevant pitch cues, regardless of the presence or absence of phonetic content (intelligibility), was observed in left dPM, but only in the Competing condition. Interestingly, the same effect was observed in bilateral auditory cortex but in both conditions. A post hoc mediation analysis ruled out the possibility that decision load was responsible for the observed pitch effects. These findings suggest that processing of vocal pitch is a primary concern of the auditory-cortex-dPM circuit, although during perception core pitch, processing is carried out by auditory cortex with a potential modulatory influence from dPM.
    MeSH term(s) Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Auditory Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Bayes Theorem ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Cortex ; Pitch Perception/physiology ; Speech/physiology ; Speech Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1007410-7
    ISSN 1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    ISSN (online) 1530-8898
    ISSN 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    DOI 10.1162/jocn_a_01907
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    Zs.A 2623: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Evaluation of Speech-Perception Training for Hearing Aid Users: A Multisite Study in Progress.

    Miller, James D / Watson, Charles S / Dubno, Judy R / Leek, Marjorie R

    Seminars in hearing

    2016  Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 273–283

    Abstract: Following an overview of theoretical issues in speech-perception training and of previous efforts to enhance hearing aid use through training, a multisite study, designed to evaluate the efficacy of two types of computerized speech-perception training ... ...

    Abstract Following an overview of theoretical issues in speech-perception training and of previous efforts to enhance hearing aid use through training, a multisite study, designed to evaluate the efficacy of two types of computerized speech-perception training for adults who use hearing aids, is described. One training method focuses on the identification of 109 syllable constituents (45 onsets, 28 nuclei, and 36 codas) in quiet and in noise, and on the perception of words in sentences presented in various levels of noise. In a second type of training, participants listen to 6- to 7-minute narratives in noise and are asked several questions about each narrative. Two groups of listeners are trained, each using one of these types of training, performed in a laboratory setting. The training for both groups is preceded and followed by a series of speech-perception tests. Subjects listen in a sound field while wearing their hearing aids at their usual settings. The training continues over 15 to 20 visits, with subjects completing at least 30 hours of focused training with one of the two methods. The two types of training are described in detail, together with a summary of other perceptual and cognitive measures obtained from all participants.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604961-8
    ISSN 1098-8955 ; 0734-0451
    ISSN (online) 1098-8955
    ISSN 0734-0451
    DOI 10.1055/s-0035-1564453
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  7. Article ; Online: An estimate of the science-wise false discovery rate and application to the top medical literature.

    Jager, Leah R / Leek, Jeffrey T

    Biostatistics (Oxford, England)

    2014  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–12

    Abstract: ... of false discoveries among reported results is 14% (s.d. 1%), contrary to previous claims. We also found ...

    Abstract The accuracy of published medical research is critical for scientists, physicians and patients who rely on these results. However, the fundamental belief in the medical literature was called into serious question by a paper suggesting that most published medical research is false. Here we adapt estimation methods from the genomics community to the problem of estimating the rate of false discoveries in the medical literature using reported $P$-values as the data. We then collect $P$-values from the abstracts of all 77 430 papers published in The Lancet, The Journal of the American Medical Association, The New England Journal of Medicine, The British Medical Journal, and The American Journal of Epidemiology between 2000 and 2010. Among these papers, we found 5322 reported $P$-values. We estimate that the overall rate of false discoveries among reported results is 14% (s.d. 1%), contrary to previous claims. We also found that there is no a significant increase in the estimated rate of reported false discovery results over time (0.5% more false positives (FP) per year, $P = 0.18$) or with respect to journal submissions (0.5% more FP per 100 submissions, $P = 0.12$). Statistical analysis must allow for false discoveries in order to make claims on the basis of noisy data. But our analysis suggests that the medical literature remains a reliable record of scientific progress.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Biomedical Research/standards ; Computer Simulation ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; False Positive Reactions ; Humans ; Publications/standards ; Software ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2031500-4
    ISSN 1468-4357 ; 1465-4644
    ISSN (online) 1468-4357
    ISSN 1465-4644
    DOI 10.1093/biostatistics/kxt007
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  8. Article ; Online: Cognitive domains affected post-COVID-19; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Fanshawe, Jack B / Sargent, Brendan F / Badenoch, James B / Saini, Aman / Watson, Cameron J / Pokrovskaya, Aleksandra / Aniwattanapong, Daruj / Conti, Isabella / Nye, Charles / Burchill, Ella / Hussain, Zain U / Said, Khanafi / Kuhoga, Elinda / Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini / Pendered, Sophie / Mbwele, Bernard / Taquet, Maxime / Wood, Greta K / Rogers, Jonathan P /
    Hampshire, Adam / Carson, Alan / David, Anthony S / Michael, Benedict D / Nicholson, Timothy R / Paddick, Stella-Maria / Leek, Charles E

    European journal of neurology

    2024  , Page(s) e16181

    Abstract: Background and purpose: This review aims to characterize the pattern of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, allowing better prediction of impact on daily function to inform clinical management and rehabilitation.: Methods: A systematic review and ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: This review aims to characterize the pattern of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, allowing better prediction of impact on daily function to inform clinical management and rehabilitation.
    Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurocognitive sequelae following COVID-19 was conducted, following PRISMA-S guidelines. Studies were included if they reported domain-specific cognitive assessment in patients with COVID-19 at >4 weeks post-infection. Studies were deemed high-quality if they had >40 participants, utilized healthy controls, had low attrition rates and mitigated for confounders.
    Results: Five of the seven primary Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) cognitive domains were assessed by enough high-quality studies to facilitate meta-analysis. Medium effect sizes indicating impairment in patients post-COVID-19 versus controls were seen across executive function (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.45), learning and memory (SMD -0.55), complex attention (SMD -0.54) and language (SMD -0.54), with perceptual motor function appearing to be impacted to a greater degree (SMD -0.70). A narrative synthesis of the 56 low-quality studies also suggested no obvious pattern of impairment.
    Conclusions: This review found moderate impairments across multiple domains of cognition in patients post-COVID-19, with no specific pattern. The reported literature was significantly heterogeneous, with a wide variety of cognitive tasks, small sample sizes and disparate initial disease severities limiting interpretability. The finding of consistent impairment across a range of cognitive tasks suggests broad, as opposed to domain-specific, brain dysfunction. Future studies should utilize a harmonized test battery to facilitate inter-study comparisons, whilst also accounting for the interactions between COVID-19, neurological sequelae and mental health, the interplay between which might explain cognitive impairment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1280785-0
    ISSN 1468-1331 ; 1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
    ISSN (online) 1468-1331
    ISSN 1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
    DOI 10.1111/ene.16181
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    Zs.MO 592: Show issues

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  9. Article ; Online: Large-Scale Evaluation of a Rapid Fully Automated Analysis Platform to Detect and Refute Outbreaks Based on MRSA Genome Comparisons.

    Raven, Kathy E / Bragin, Eugene / Blane, Beth / Leek, Danielle / Kumar, Narender / Rhodes, Paul A / Enoch, David A / Thaxter, Rachel / Brown, Nicholas M / Parkhill, Julian / Peacock, Sharon J

    mSphere

    2022  , Page(s) e0028322

    Abstract: Genomic epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could transform outbreak investigations, but its clinical introduction is hampered by the lack of automated data analysis tools to rapidly and accurately define transmission based ...

    Abstract Genomic epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could transform outbreak investigations, but its clinical introduction is hampered by the lack of automated data analysis tools to rapidly and accurately define transmission based on sequence relatedness. We aimed to evaluate a fully automated bioinformatics system for MRSA genome analysis versus a bespoke researcher-led manual informatics pipeline. We analyzed 781 MRSA genomes from 777 consecutive patients identified over a 9-month period in a clinical microbiology laboratory in the United Kingdom. Outputs were bacterial species identification, detection of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2379-5042
    ISSN (online) 2379-5042
    DOI 10.1128/msphere.00283-22
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  10. Article: The prognostic role of angiogenesis in breast cancer.

    Leek, R D

    Anticancer research

    2001  Volume 21, Issue 6B, Page(s) 4325–4331

    Abstract: Angiogenesis is of key importance in the process of tumour progression in a number of tumour types including breast cancer. Breast cancer angiogenesis has been the most extensively studied and now serves as a paradigm for understanding the biology of ... ...

    Abstract Angiogenesis is of key importance in the process of tumour progression in a number of tumour types including breast cancer. Breast cancer angiogenesis has been the most extensively studied and now serves as a paradigm for understanding the biology of angiogenesis and its effects on tumour outcome and patient prognosis. The first study to examine intra-tumoural microvessel density (IMD) immunohistochemically, and relate it to tumour outcome, was carried out by Weidner and colleagues in 1991 using an antibody against factor-8 related antigen as an endothelial marker in a series of breast cancers. They found a near linear relationship between increased microvessel counts and metastasis. This work defined the standard methodology still used today for the morphometric assessment of IMD, such that by evaluating only three so called "hotspot" areas it was possible to determine the metastatic potential of a tumour. The biological rationale behind this was that these highly angiogenic areas were those most likely to be the easiest point of entry for tumour cells into the systemic circulation. Since this initial work there have been many studies which confirm these findings and have related angiogenesis to poor prognosis using a variety of antibodies including those to CD31 and CD34. Angiogenesis is also potentially a unique target for anti-tumour therapy, and much research is being carried out in this area, including blockade of angiogenic signalling pathways and the therapeutic use of antiangiogenic factors.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/blood supply ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Prognosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-11
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604549-2
    ISSN 1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
    ISSN (online) 1791-7530
    ISSN 0250-7005
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