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Article ; Online: Expanding the White Armor of Vitiligo.

Pearson, Todd F / Harris, John E

The Journal of investigative dermatology

2023 Volume 144, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–7

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Vitiligo/diagnosis ; Vitiligo/therapy ; Hypopigmentation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80136-7
ISSN	1523-1747 ; 0022-202X
ISSN (online)	1523-1747
ISSN	0022-202X
DOI	10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.005
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Article ; Online: Physiographic Environment Classification: a Controlling Factor Classification of Landscape Susceptibility to Waterborne Contaminant Loss.

Rissmann, Clinton W F / Pearson, Lisa K / Snelder, Ton H

Environmental management

2024

Abstract: ... in Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 1.8× in Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus (DRP), 2.3× in Particulate Phosphorus (PP), 2.6× in E ... factors explained more variation in DRP, PP, E. coli, and TURB. Overall, PEC accounted for 2.1× more ...

Abstract	Spatial variation in the landscape factors climate, geomorphology, and lithology cause significant differences in water quality issues even when land use pressures are similar. The Physiographic Environment Classification (PEC) classifies landscapes based on their susceptibility to the loss of water quality contaminants. The classification is informed by a conceptual model of the landscape factors that control the hydrochemical maturity of water discharged to streams. In New Zealand, a case study using climatic, topographic, and geological data classified the country into six, 36, and 320 classes at Levels 1 (Climate), 1-2 (Climate + Geomorphology), and 1-3 (Climate + Geomorphology + Lithology), respectively. Variance partitioning analysis applied to New Zealand's national surface water monitoring network (n = 810 stations) assessed the contributions of PEC classes and land use on the spatial variation of water quality contaminants. Compared to land use, PEC explained 0.6× the variation in Nitrate Nitrite Nitrogen (NNN), 1.0× in Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 1.8× in Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus (DRP), 2.3× in Particulate Phosphorus (PP), 2.6× in E. coli, and 4.3× in Turbidity (TURB). Land use explained more variation in riverine NNN, while landscape factors explained more variation in DRP, PP, E. coli, and TURB. Overall, PEC accounted for 2.1× more variation in riverine contaminant concentrations than land use. The differences in contaminant concentrations between PEC classes (p < 0.05), after adjusting for land use, were consistent with the conceptual model of hydrochemical maturation. PEC elucidates underlying causes of contaminant loss susceptibility and can inform targeted land management across multiple scales.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1478932-2
ISSN	1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
ISSN (online)	1432-1009
ISSN	0364-152X
DOI	10.1007/s00267-024-01950-0
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Article ; Online: Mucosal immune responses in COVID19 - a living review.

Pearson, Claire F / Jeffery, Rebecca / Thornton, Emily E

Oxford open immunology

2021 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) iqab002

Abstract: COVID-19 was initially characterized as a disease primarily of the lungs, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the SARS-CoV2 virus is able to infect many organs and cause a broad pathological response. The primary infection site is likely to be a ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 was initially characterized as a disease primarily of the lungs, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the SARS-CoV2 virus is able to infect many organs and cause a broad pathological response. The primary infection site is likely to be a mucosal surface, mainly the lungs or the intestine, where epithelial cells can be infected with virus. Although it is clear that virus within the lungs can cause severe pathology, driven by an exaggerated immune response, infection within the intestine generally seems to cause minor or no symptoms. In this review, we compare the disease processes between the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, and what might drive these different responses. As the microbiome is a key part of mucosal barrier sites, we also consider the effect that microbial species may play on infection and the subsequent immune responses. Because of difficulties obtaining tissue samples, there are currently few studies focused on the local mucosal response rather than the systemic response, but understanding the local immune response will become increasingly important for understanding the mechanisms of disease in order to develop better treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2633-6960
ISSN (online)	2633-6960
DOI	10.1093/oxfimm/iqab002
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Article ; Online: Immune microniches shape intestinal T

Gu, Yisu / Bartolomé-Casado, Raquel / Xu, Chuan / Bertocchi, Alice / Janney, Alina / Heuberger, Cornelia / Pearson, Claire F / Teichmann, Sarah A / Thornton, Emily E / Powrie, Fiona

Nature

2024 Volume 628, Issue 8009, Page(s) 854–862

Abstract: The intestinal immune system is highly adapted to maintaining tolerance to the commensal microbiota and self-antigens while defending against invading ... ...

Abstract	The intestinal immune system is highly adapted to maintaining tolerance to the commensal microbiota and self-antigens while defending against invading pathogens
MeSH term(s)	T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology ; Animals ; Mice ; Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism ; Helicobacter hepaticus/immunology ; Immune Tolerance/immunology ; Female ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Male ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology ; Intestines/immunology ; Intestines/cytology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; RNA-Seq ; Transcriptome ; Helicobacter Infections/immunology ; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology
Chemical Substances	Integrin alpha Chains ; alpha E integrins ; Antigens, CD ; Receptors, Immunologic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-024-07251-0
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Article ; Online: Centering Community Strengths and Resisting Structural Racism to Prevent Youth Suicide: Learning from American Indian and Alaska Native Communities.

Wexler, Lisa / White, Lauren A / O'Keefe, Victoria M / Rasmus, Stacy / Haroz, Emily E / Cwik, Mary F / Barlow, Allison / Goklish, Novalene / Elliott, Emma / Pearson, Cynthia R / Allen, James

Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research

2024 , Page(s) 1–16

Abstract: The persistence of extreme suicide disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth signals a severe health inequity with distinct associations to a colonial experience of historical and on-going cultural, social, economic, and political ... ...

Abstract	The persistence of extreme suicide disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth signals a severe health inequity with distinct associations to a colonial experience of historical and on-going cultural, social, economic, and political oppression. To address this complex issue, we describe three AI/AN suicide prevention efforts that illustrate how strengths-based community interventions across the prevention spectrum can buffer suicide risk factors associated with structural racism. Developed and implemented in collaboration with tribal partners using participatory methods, the strategies include universal, selective, and indicated prevention elements. Their aim is to enhance systems within communities, institutions, and families by emphasizing supportive relationships, cultural values and practices, and community priorities and preferences. These efforts deploy collaborative, local approaches, that center on the importance of tribal sovereignty and self-determination, disrupting the unequal power distribution inherent in mainstream approaches to suicide prevention. The examples emphasize the centrality of Indigenous intellectual traditions in the co-creation of healthy developmental pathways for AI/AN young people. A central component across all three programs is a deep commitment to an interdependent or collective orientation, in contrast to an individual-based mental health suicide prevention model. This commitment offers novel directions for the entire field of suicide prevention and responds to calls for multilevel, community-driven public health strategies to address the complexity of suicide. Although our focus is on the social determinants of health in AI/AN communities, strategies to address the structural violence of racism as a risk factor in suicide have broad implications for all suicide prevention programming.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1283671-0
ISSN	1543-6136 ; 1381-1118
ISSN (online)	1543-6136
ISSN	1381-1118
DOI	10.1080/13811118.2023.2300321
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Article ; Online: UCSF ChimeraX: Tools for structure building and analysis.

Meng, Elaine C / Goddard, Thomas D / Pettersen, Eric F / Couch, Greg S / Pearson, Zach J / Morris, John H / Ferrin, Thomas E

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society

2023 Volume 32, Issue 11, Page(s) e4792

Abstract: Advances in computational tools for atomic model building are leading to accurate models of large molecular assemblies seen in electron microscopy, often at challenging resolutions of 3-4 Å. We describe new methods in the UCSF ChimeraX molecular modeling ...

Abstract	Advances in computational tools for atomic model building are leading to accurate models of large molecular assemblies seen in electron microscopy, often at challenging resolutions of 3-4 Å. We describe new methods in the UCSF ChimeraX molecular modeling package that take advantage of machine-learning structure predictions, provide likelihood-based fitting in maps, and compute per-residue scores to identify modeling errors. Additional model-building tools assist analysis of mutations, post-translational modifications, and interactions with ligands. We present the latest ChimeraX model-building capabilities, including several community-developed extensions. ChimeraX is available free of charge for noncommercial use at https://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax.
MeSH term(s)	Software ; Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Molecular ; Microscopy, Electron ; Protein Conformation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1106283-6
ISSN	1469-896X ; 0961-8368
ISSN (online)	1469-896X
ISSN	0961-8368
DOI	10.1002/pro.4792
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Zs.A 3407: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: MHC class II antigen presentation by intestinal epithelial cells fine-tunes bacteria-reactive CD4 T cell responses.

Heuberger, C E / Janney, A / Ilott, N / Bertocchi, A / Pott, S / Gu, Y / Pohin, M / Friedrich, M / Mann, E H / Pearson, C / Powrie, F M / Pott, J / Thornton, E / Maloy, K J

Mucosal immunology

2023

Abstract: Although intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), especially during intestinal inflammation, it remains unclear if antigen presentation by IECs favours pro- or anti-inflammatory ... ...

Abstract	Although intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), especially during intestinal inflammation, it remains unclear if antigen presentation by IECs favours pro- or anti-inflammatory CD4
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411370-0
ISSN	1935-3456 ; 1933-0219
ISSN (online)	1935-3456
ISSN	1933-0219
DOI	10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.05.001
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Article ; Online: Establishment of an Intradermal Canine IL-31-Induced Pruritus Model to Evaluate Therapeutic Candidates in Atopic Dermatitis.

Pearson, Jason / Leon, Renato / Starr, Haley / Kim, Sujung Jun / Fogle, Jonathan E / Banovic, Frane

Veterinary sciences

2023 Volume 10, Issue 5

Abstract: Pruritic models in healthy dogs utilizing intravenous administration of interleukin 31 (IL-31) bypass the "natural" itch sensation in AD, which is initiated by pruriceptive primary afferent neurons in the skin. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate/ ... ...

Abstract	Pruritic models in healthy dogs utilizing intravenous administration of interleukin 31 (IL-31) bypass the "natural" itch sensation in AD, which is initiated by pruriceptive primary afferent neurons in the skin. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate/delayed pruritus responses and the pruritic behaviors observed in an intradermal IL-31-induced pruritic model of healthy dogs and the anti-pruritic effect of oclacitinib on said model. In Phase 1, all the dogs were randomized and video-recorded for 300 min after intradermal canine recombinant IL-31 injections (1.75 µg/kg) and vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) injections. In Phase 2, all the dogs received oral oclacitinib (0.4-0.6 mg/kg, twice daily for 4 consecutive days and once daily on day 5), with the intradermal IL-31 injection performed on day 5. Two blinded investigators reviewed the pruritic behaviors in all the video recordings. Intradermal IL-31 administration to healthy dogs caused a significant increase in the total (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci10050329
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Article ; Online: Mathematical model predicts tumor control patterns induced by fast and slow cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing mechanisms.

Wang, Yixuan / Bergman, Daniel R / Trujillo, Erica / Pearson, Alexander T / Sweis, Randy F / Jackson, Trachette L

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 22541

Abstract: Immunotherapy has dramatically transformed the cancer treatment landscape largely due to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although ICIs have shown promising results for many patients, the low response rates in many cancers highlight ... ...

Abstract	Immunotherapy has dramatically transformed the cancer treatment landscape largely due to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although ICIs have shown promising results for many patients, the low response rates in many cancers highlight the ongoing challenges in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) execute their cell-killing function via two distinct mechanisms: a fast-acting, perforin-mediated process and a slower, Fas ligand (FasL)-driven pathway. Evidence also suggests that the preferred killing mechanism of CTLs depends on the antigenicity of tumor cells. To determine the critical factors affecting responses to ICIs, we construct an ordinary differential equation model describing in vivo tumor-immune dynamics in the presence of active or blocked PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint. Specifically, we identify important aspects of the tumor-immune landscape that affect tumor size and composition in the short and long term. We also generate a virtual cohort of mice with diverse tumor and immune attributes to simulate the outcomes of immune checkpoint blockade in a heterogeneous population. By identifying key tumor and immune characteristics associated with tumor elimination, dormancy, and escape, we predict which fraction of a population potentially responds well to ICIs and ways to enhance therapeutic outcomes with combination therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Perforin ; Models, Theoretical
Chemical Substances	Perforin (126465-35-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-49467-6
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Article ; Online: Scoping the Priorities and Concerns of Parents: Infodemiology Study of Posts on Mumsnet and Reddit.

Thornton, Christopher / Lanyi, Kate / Wilkins, Georgina / Potter, Rhiannon / Hunter, Emily / Kolehmainen, Niina / Pearson, Fiona

Journal of medical Internet research

2023 Volume 25, Page(s) e47849

Abstract: Background: Health technology innovation is increasingly supported by a bottom-up approach to priority setting, aiming to better reflect the concerns of its intended beneficiaries. Web-based forums provide parents with an outlet to share concerns, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Health technology innovation is increasingly supported by a bottom-up approach to priority setting, aiming to better reflect the concerns of its intended beneficiaries. Web-based forums provide parents with an outlet to share concerns, advice, and information related to parenting and the health and well-being of their children. They provide a rich source of data on parenting concerns and priorities that could inform future child health research and innovation. Objective: The aim of the study is to identify common concerns expressed on 2 major web-based forums and cluster these to identify potential family health concern topics as indicative priority areas for future research and innovation. Methods: We text-mined the r/Parenting subreddit (69,846 posts) and the parenting section of Mumsnet (99,848 posts) to create a large corpus of posts. A generative statistical model (latent Dirichlet allocation) was used to identify the most discussed topics in the corpus, and content analysis was applied to identify the parenting concerns found in a subset of posts. Results: A model with 25 topics produced the highest coherence and a wide range of meaningful parenting concern topics. The most frequently expressed parenting concerns are related to their child's sleep, self-care, eating (and food), behavior, childcare context, and the parental context including parental conflict. Topics directly associated with infants, such as potty training and bottle feeding, were more common on Mumsnet, while parental context and screen time were more common on r/Parenting. Conclusions: Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling can be applied to gain a rapid, yet meaningful overview of parent concerns expressed on a large and diverse set of social media posts and used to complement traditional insight gathering methods. Parents framed their concerns in terms of children's everyday health concerns, generating topics that overlap significantly with established family health concern topics. We provide evidence of the range of family health concerns found at these sources and hope this can be used to generate material for use alongside traditional insight gathering methods.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Infant ; Humans ; Infodemiology ; Parents ; Parenting ; Child Health ; Food
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1438-8871
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1438-8871
DOI	10.2196/47849
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