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  1. Article: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of an

    Lopresti, Adrian L / Smith, Stephen J / Metse, Alexandra P / Drummond, Peter D

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 965130

    Abstract: Background: In Ayurveda, : Purpose: Examine the effects of a standardized : Study design: Two-arm, parallel-group, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry trial registration ... ...

    Abstract Background: In Ayurveda,
    Purpose: Examine the effects of a standardized
    Study design: Two-arm, parallel-group, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry trial registration number ACTRN12621000609853.
    Methods: One hundred volunteers aged 18-65 years received either 125 mg of
    Results: Compared to the placebo,
    Conclusion: The results from this trial suggest that 8 weeks of supplementation with an
    Clinical trial registration: https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621000609853p.aspx, identifier: ACTRN12621000609853p.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2022.965130
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  2. Article ; Online: The gene regulatory basis of bystander activation in CD8

    Watson, Neva B / Patel, Ravi K / Kean, Connor / Veazey, Janelle / Oyesola, Oyebola O / Laniewski, Nathan / Grenier, Jennifer K / Wang, Jocelyn / Tabilas, Cybelle / Yee Mon, Kristel J / McNairn, Adrian J / Peng, Seth A / Wesnak, Samantha P / Nzingha, Kito / Davenport, Miles P / Tait Wojno, Elia D / Scheible, Kristin M / Smith, Norah L / Grimson, Andrew /
    Rudd, Brian D

    Science immunology

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 92, Page(s) eadf8776

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract CD8
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Mice ; Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Immunity, Innate ; Cytokines ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Antigens
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-9468
    ISSN (online) 2470-9468
    DOI 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf8776
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effects of saffron on sleep quality in healthy adults with self-reported poor sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

    Lopresti, Adrian L / Smith, Stephen J / Metse, Alexandra P / Drummond, Peter D

    Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 937–947

    Abstract: ... participants, saffron was associated with greater improvements in ISI total score (P = .017), RSQ total score ... P = .029), and PSD sleep quality ratings (P = .014) than the placebo. Saffron intake was well ...

    Abstract Study objectives: Herbal medicines are frequently used by adults with sleep difficulties. However, evidence of their efficacy is limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the sleep-enhancing effects of a standardized saffron extract (affron).
    Methods: This was a 28-day, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Sixty-three healthy adults aged 18-70 with self-reported sleep problems were recruited and randomized to receive either saffron extract (affron; 14 mg twice daily) or a placebo. Outcome measures included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; primary outcome measure) collected at baseline and days 7, 14, 21, and 28 and the Restorative Sleep Questionnaire (RSQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PSD) collected on days -1, 0, 3, 7, 14, 27, and 28.
    Results: Based on data collected from 55 participants, saffron was associated with greater improvements in ISI total score (P = .017), RSQ total score (P = .029), and PSD sleep quality ratings (P = .014) than the placebo. Saffron intake was well tolerated with no reported adverse effects.
    Conclusions: Saffron intake was associated with improvements in sleep quality in adults with self-reported sleep complaints. Further studies using larger samples sizes, treatment periods, objective outcome measures, and volunteers with varying demographic and psychographic characteristics are required to replicate and extend these findings.
    Clinical trial registration: Registry: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; Name: Effects of Saffron on Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults with Self-Reported Unsatisfactory Sleep; URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377781; Identifier: ACTRN12619000863134.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Australia ; Crocus ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; Self Report ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2397213-0
    ISSN 1550-9397 ; 1550-9389
    ISSN (online) 1550-9397
    ISSN 1550-9389
    DOI 10.5664/jcsm.8376
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  4. Article ; Online: Implementing good life with osteoArthritis from Denmark (GLA:D®) in australian public hospitals. Part 1: Feasibility.

    Collins, Natalie J / Smith, Michelle D / O'Leary, Shaun P / Maclachlan, Liam R / Cottrell, Michelle A / Vicenzino, Bill / Vuvan, Viana / Comans, Tracy / Kemp, Joanne L / Barton, Christian J / Lee, Darryl / McCaskill, Stuart / Cush, Adrian / Hislop, Andrew C / Raymer, Maree E

    Musculoskeletal science & practice

    2024  , Page(s) 102960

    Abstract: Background: Literature reporting positive outcomes from the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D®) program in Australia mainly involves patients attending private physiotherapy services.: Objective: Evaluate the feasibility of implementing ...

    Abstract Background: Literature reporting positive outcomes from the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D®) program in Australia mainly involves patients attending private physiotherapy services.
    Objective: Evaluate the feasibility of implementing GLA:D® in Australian public hospitals.
    Design: Implementation study in three metropolitan tertiary public hospitals over six months.
    Method: Patients aged ≥18 years with knee or hip joint-related problems deemed appropriate for non-surgical care were invited to participate in GLA:D®. Feasibility was evaluated using RE-AIM framework components (Implementation, Effectiveness, Maintenance) using service-level metrics, patient-level data, and program fidelity assessment. Findings of qualitative interviews with service providers are presented in Part 2.
    Results: Implementation: 70 patients (69 with knee osteoarthritis) participated (13 cohorts). 55 (79%) patients attended both education sessions, and 49 patients (70%) attended 10-12 exercises sessions. Fidelity was met based on environmental, therapist, participant- and program-related criteria.
    Effectiveness: At 3 months, patients reported lower average pain (visual analogue scale [0-100 mm]: effect size -0.56, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.23) and disability (HOOS/KOOS-12 [100-0]: 0.67, 0.28 to 1.05), and improved quality of life (EQ-5D overall score: 0.46, 0.11 to 0.80). No adverse events were reported. All patients who completed 3-month assessment (n = 52) would recommend GLA:D®. Maintenance: All participating services elected to continue delivering GLA:D® beyond the study.
    Conclusions: Implementing GLA:D® in Australian public hospitals is feasible, safe, and acceptable to patients with knee osteoarthritis. Public hospital patients with knee osteoarthritis reported improvements in pain, disability, and quality of life similar to previous GLA:D® cohorts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2888772-4
    ISSN 2468-7812
    ISSN (online) 2468-7812
    DOI 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.102960
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  5. Article ; Online: Coumarins-lipophilic cations conjugates: Efficient mitocans targeting carbonic anhydrases.

    Fuentes-Aguilar, Alma / González-Bakker, Aday / Jovanović, Mirna / Stojanov, Sofija Jovanović / Puerta, Adrián / Gargano, Adriana / Dinić, Jelena / Vega-Báez, José L / Merino-Montiel, Penélope / Montiel-Smith, Sara / Alcaro, Stefano / Nocentini, Alessio / Pešić, Milica / Supuran, Claudiu T / Padrón, José M / Fernández-Bolaños, José G / López, Óscar

    Bioorganic chemistry

    2024  Volume 145, Page(s) 107168

    Abstract: ... cells was based on the fact that the former were found to be substrates of P-glycoprotein (P ... tariquidar, a third generation P-gp inhibitor. Moreover, phosphonium salts provoked a profound depolarization ...

    Abstract Being aware of the need to develop more efficient therapies against cancer, herein we disclose an innovative approach for the design of selective antiproliferative agents. We have accomplished the conjugation of a coumarin fragment with lipophilic cations (triphenylphosphonium salts, guanidinium) for providing mitochondriotropic agents that simultaneously target also carbonic anhydrases IX and XII, involved in the development and progression of cancer. The new compounds prepared herein turned out to be strong inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases IX and XII of human origin (low-to-mid nM range), also endowed with high selectivity, exhibiting negligible activity towards cytosolic CA isoforms. Key interactions with the enzyme were analysed using docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Regarding their in vitro antiproliferative activities, an increase of the tether length connecting both pharmacophores led to a clear improvement in potency, reaching the submicromolar range for the lead compounds, and an outstanding selectivity towards tumour cell lines (S.I. up to >357). Cytotoxic effects were also analysed on MDR cell lines under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Chemoresistance exhibited by phosphonium salts, and not by guanidines, against MDR cells was based on the fact that the former were found to be substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the pump responsible for extruding foreign chemicals; this situation was reversed by administrating tariquidar, a third generation P-gp inhibitor. Moreover, phosphonium salts provoked a profound depolarization of mitochondria membranes from tumour cells, thus probably compromising their oxidative metabolism. To gain insight into the mode of action of title compounds, continuous live cell microscopy was employed; interestingly, this technique revealed two different antiproliferative mechanisms for both families of mitocans. Whereas phosphonium salts had a cytostatic effect, blocking cell division, guanidines led to cell death via apoptosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism ; Salts ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Coumarins/chemistry ; Guanidines ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Organophosphorus Compounds
    Chemical Substances Carbonic Anhydrases (EC 4.2.1.1) ; triphenylphosphonium ; Salts ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Coumarins ; Guanidines ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ; Organophosphorus Compounds
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120080-x
    ISSN 1090-2120 ; 0045-2068
    ISSN (online) 1090-2120
    ISSN 0045-2068
    DOI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107168
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  6. Article ; Online: Opportunistic dried blood spot sampling validates and optimizes a pediatric population pharmacokinetic model of metronidazole.

    Randell, Rachel L / Balevic, Stephen J / Greenberg, Rachel G / Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael / Thompson, Elizabeth J / Venkatachalam, Saranya / Smith, Michael J / Bendel, Catherine / Bliss, Joseph M / Chaaban, Hala / Chhabra, Rakesh / Dammann, Christiane E L / Downey, L Corbin / Hornik, Chi / Hussain, Naveed / Laughon, Matthew M / Lavery, Adrian / Moya, Fernando / Saxonhouse, Matthew /
    Sokol, Gregory M / Trembath, Andrea / Weitkamp, Joern-Hendrik / Hornik, Christoph P

    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

    2024  Volume 68, Issue 4, Page(s) e0153323

    Abstract: Pharmacokinetic models rarely undergo external validation in vulnerable populations such as critically ill infants, thereby limiting the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of model-informed dosing in real-world settings. Here, we describe an opportunistic ... ...

    Abstract Pharmacokinetic models rarely undergo external validation in vulnerable populations such as critically ill infants, thereby limiting the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of model-informed dosing in real-world settings. Here, we describe an opportunistic approach using dried blood spots (DBS) to evaluate a population pharmacokinetic model of metronidazole in critically ill preterm infants of gestational age (GA) ≤31 weeks from the Metronidazole Pharmacokinetics in Premature Infants (PTN_METRO, NCT01222585) study. First, we used linear correlation to compare 42 paired DBS and plasma metronidazole concentrations from 21 preterm infants [mean (SD): post natal age 28.0 (21.7) days, GA 26.3 (2.4) weeks]. Using the resulting predictive equation, we estimated plasma metronidazole concentrations (ePlasma) from 399 DBS collected from 122 preterm and term infants [mean (SD): post natal age 16.7 (15.8) days, GA 31.4 (5.1) weeks] from the Antibiotic Safety in Infants with Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections (SCAMP, NCT01994993) trial. When evaluating the PTN_METRO model using ePlasma from the SCAMP trial, we found that the model generally predicted ePlasma well in preterm infants with GA ≤31 weeks. When including ePlasma from term and preterm infants with GA >31 weeks, the model was optimized using a sigmoidal Emax maturation function of postmenstrual age on clearance and estimated the exponent of weight on volume of distribution. The optimized model supports existing dosing guidelines and adds new data to support a 6-hour dosing interval for infants with postmenstrual age >40 weeks. Using an opportunistic DBS to externally validate and optimize a metronidazole population pharmacokinetic model was feasible and useful in this vulnerable population.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Infant ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Metronidazole/pharmacokinetics ; Infant, Premature ; Critical Illness ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Gestational Age
    Chemical Substances Metronidazole (140QMO216E) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 217602-6
    ISSN 1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
    ISSN (online) 1098-6596
    ISSN 0066-4804
    DOI 10.1128/aac.01533-23
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  7. Article ; Online: Impact of Tumor-intrinsic Molecular Features on Survival and Acquired Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in ALK-positive NSCLC.

    Nakazawa, Mari / Harada, Guilherme / Ghanem, Paola / Bubie, Adrian / Kiedrowski, Lesli A / Murray, Joseph C / Marrone, Kristen A / Scott, Susan C / Houseknecht, Stefanie / Falcon, Christina J / Evans, Patrick / Feliciano, Josephine / Hann, Christine L / Ettinger, David S / Smith, Kellie N / Anagnostou, Valsamo / Forde, Patrick M / Brahmer, Julie R / Levy, Benjamin /
    Drilon, Alexander / Lam, Vincent K

    Cancer research communications

    2024  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 786–795

    Abstract: ... I1171N (OR: 4.11; P < 0.001 and OR: 2.94; P = 0.026, respectively), and had inferior ... resistance mutation (OR: 4.63; P < 0.001). EML4-ALK v3 and somatic co-alterations in TP53 and CDKN2A/B are ...

    Abstract While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown remarkable efficacy in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), clinical outcomes vary and acquired resistance remains a significant challenge. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who had clinico-genomic data independently collected from two academic institutions (n = 309). This was paired with a large-scale genomic cohort of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who underwent liquid biopsies (n = 1,118). Somatic co-mutations in TP53 and loss-of-function alterations in CDKN2A/B were most commonly identified (24.1% and 22.5%, respectively in the clinical cohort), each of which was independently associated with inferior overall survival (HR: 2.58; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.62-4.09 and HR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.17-3.17, respectively). Tumors harboring EML4-ALK variant 3 (v3) were not associated with specific co-alterations but were more likely to develop ALK resistance mutations, particularly G1202R and I1171N (OR: 4.11; P < 0.001 and OR: 2.94; P = 0.026, respectively), and had inferior progression-free survival on first-line TKI (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.03-2.25). Non-v3 tumors were associated with L1196M resistance mutation (OR: 4.63; P < 0.001). EML4-ALK v3 and somatic co-alterations in TP53 and CDKN2A/B are associated with inferior clinical outcomes. v3 status is also associated with specific patterns of clinically important ALK resistance mutations. These tumor-intrinsic features may inform rational selection and optimization of first-line and consolidative therapy.
    Significance: In a large-scale, contemporary cohort of patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, we evaluated molecular characteristics and their impact on acquired resistance mutations and clinical outcomes. Our findings that certain ALK variants and co-mutations are associated with differential survival and specific TKI-relevant resistance patterns highlight potential molecular underpinnings of the heterogenous response to ALK TKIs and nominate biomarkers that may inform patient selection for first-line and consolidative therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ; Retrospective Studies ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-9764
    ISSN (online) 2767-9764
    DOI 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-24-0065
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  8. Article ; Online: The Feasibility and Efficacy of a Brief Integrative Treatment for Adults With Depression and/or Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Lopresti, Adrian L / Smith, Stephen J / Metse, Alexandra P / Foster, Tiffany / Drummond, Peter D

    Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine

    2020  Volume 25, Page(s) 2515690X20937997

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and suitability of a brief integrative intervention, Personalized Integrative Therapy (PI Therapy), for the treatment of adult depression and/or anxiety. In this 6-week, 3-arm, parallel-group, ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and suitability of a brief integrative intervention, Personalized Integrative Therapy (PI Therapy), for the treatment of adult depression and/or anxiety. In this 6-week, 3-arm, parallel-group, randomized trial, PI Therapy delivered alone or with nutritional supplements (PI Therapy + Supps) was compared to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in 48 adults with depression and/or anxiety. All treatments were delivered as a 1-day workshop plus 6 weeks of reminder phone text messages to reinforce topics and skills covered in the workshop. Affective symptoms decreased significantly and to the same extent in all 3 conditions. At the end of treatment, 33% to 58% of participants reported levels of depressive symptoms in the normal range, and 50% to 58% reported nonclinical levels of anxiety. Compared to CBT and PI Therapy, PI Therapy + Supps was associated with significantly greater improvements in sleep quality. These findings suggest that a brief integrative intervention with or without supplements was comparable to CBT in reducing affective symptoms in adults with depression and/or anxiety. However, sleep quality improved only in the PI Therapy + Supps condition. These findings will require replication with a larger cohort.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Depression/therapy ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2515-690X
    ISSN (online) 2515-690X
    DOI 10.1177/2515690X20937997
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  9. Article ; Online: Early Assessment With Gastrointestinal Ultrasound in Patients Hospitalised for a Flare of Ulcerative Colitis and Predicting the Need for Salvage Therapy: A Pilot Study.

    Smith, Rebecca L / Taylor, Kirstin M / Friedman, Antony B / Swaine, Adrian P / Gibson, David J / Gibson, Peter R

    Ultrasound in medicine & biology

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 1108–1114

    Abstract: ... 7.9 mm) in those requiring salvage therapy (p = 0.009). Any colonic segment with a bowel wall ... thickness of >6 mm was associated with the need for salvage therapy (p = 0.033). Gastrointestinal ultrasound ...

    Abstract Approximately 30% of patients hospitalised with severe ulcerative colitis do not respond to corticosteroids, but the decision to introduce salvage therapy is delayed to at least the third day of treatment, according to the widely applied Oxford criteria to assess response. This pilot study aimed to determine if gastrointestinal ultrasound performed on admission can predict steroid-refractory disease. In 10 consecutive patients with severe ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal ultrasound was performed within 24 h of admission. Six patients failed corticosteroids and required infliximab salvage therapy. Colonic bowel wall thickness was a median of 4.6 mm (range 4.2-5.6 mm) in those responding to steroids compared with 6.2 mm (6-7.9 mm) in those requiring salvage therapy (p = 0.009). Any colonic segment with a bowel wall thickness of >6 mm was associated with the need for salvage therapy (p = 0.033). Gastrointestinal ultrasound may provide an early indication of poor corticosteroid response and enable a timelier introduction of salvage therapy in patients with severe ulcerative colitis.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnostic imaging ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Colon/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infliximab/therapeutic use ; Male ; Patient Selection ; Pilot Projects ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Salvage Therapy ; Symptom Flare Up ; Time Factors ; Treatment Failure ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; Infliximab (B72HH48FLU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186150-5
    ISSN 1879-291X ; 0301-5629
    ISSN (online) 1879-291X
    ISSN 0301-5629
    DOI 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.001
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  10. Article ; Online: Proof-of-Principle Experiment on the Dynamic Shell Formation for Inertial Confinement Fusion.

    Igumenshchev, I V / Theobald, W / Stoeckl, C / Shah, R C / Bishel, D T / Goncharov, V N / Bonino, M J / Campbell, E M / Ceurvorst, L / Chin, D A / Collins, T J B / Fess, S / Harding, D R / Sampat, S / Shaffer, N R / Shvydky, A / Smith, E A / Trickey, W T / Waxer, L J /
    Colaïtis, A / Liotard, R / Adrian, P J / Atzeni, S / Barbato, F / Savino, L / Alfonso, N / Haid, A / Do, Mi

    Physical review letters

    2023  Volume 131, Issue 1, Page(s) 15102

    Abstract: In the dynamic-shell (DS) concept [V. N. Goncharov et al., Novel Hot-Spot Ignition Designs for Inertial Confinement Fusion with Liquid-Deuterium-Tritium Spheres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 065001 (2020).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.065001] for laser- ...

    Abstract In the dynamic-shell (DS) concept [V. N. Goncharov et al., Novel Hot-Spot Ignition Designs for Inertial Confinement Fusion with Liquid-Deuterium-Tritium Spheres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 065001 (2020).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.065001] for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion the deuterium-tritium fuel is initially in the form of a homogeneous liquid inside a wetted-foam spherical shell. This fuel is ignited using a conventional implosion, which is preceded by a initial compression of the fuel followed by its expansion and dynamic formation of a high-density fuel shell with a low-density interior. This Letter reports on a scaled-down, proof-of-principle experiment on the OMEGA laser demonstrating, for the first time, the feasibility of DS formation. A shell is formed by convergent shocks launched by laser pulses at the edge of a plasma sphere, with the plasma itself formed as a result of laser-driven compression and relaxation of a surrogate plastic-foam ball target. Three x-ray diagnostics, namely, 1D spatially resolved self-emission streaked imaging, 2D self-emission framed imaging, and backlighting radiography, have shown good agreement with the predicted evolution of the DS and its stability to low Legendre mode perturbations introduced by laser irradiation and target asymmetries.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.015102
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