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Article: Data misreporting during the COVID19 crisis: The role of political institutions.

Adam, Antonis / Tsarsitalidou, Sofia

Economics letters

2022 Volume 213, Page(s) 110348

Abstract: We use Benford's law of first digits to determine whether there is evidence of data misreporting in the total COVID19 reported cases across countries. We try to model the differences in the Mean Absolute Deviation of actual data from those predicted by ... ...

Abstract	We use Benford's law of first digits to determine whether there is evidence of data misreporting in the total COVID19 reported cases across countries. We try to model the differences in the Mean Absolute Deviation of actual data from those predicted by Benford's law to indicate the factors that lead to data misreporting using regression analysis. Using the Instrumental Variable model of Lewbel (2012) and Settler Mortality as an external instrument for democracy, we show that autocratic countries are more likely to misreport the COVID19 cases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0165-1765
ISSN	0165-1765
DOI	10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110348
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Article: Data misreporting during the COVID19 crisis: The role of political institutions

Adam, Antonis / Tsarsitalidou, Sofia

Economics letters. 2022 Apr., v. 213

2022

Abstract: We use Benford’s law of first digits to determine whether there is evidence of data misreporting in the total COVID19 reported cases across countries. We try to model the differences in the Mean Absolute Deviation of actual data from those predicted by ... ...

Abstract	We use Benford’s law of first digits to determine whether there is evidence of data misreporting in the total COVID19 reported cases across countries. We try to model the differences in the Mean Absolute Deviation of actual data from those predicted by Benford’s law to indicate the factors that lead to data misreporting using regression analysis. Using the Instrumental Variable model of Lewbel (2012) and Settler Mortality as an external instrument for democracy, we show that autocratic countries are more likely to misreport the COVID19 cases.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; economics ; models ; mortality ; politics ; regression analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0165-1765
DOI	10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110348
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Diversity and coexistence are influenced by time-dependent species interactions in a predator-prey system.

Karakoç, Canan / Clark, Adam Thomas / Chatzinotas, Antonis

Ecology letters

2020 Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) 983–993

Abstract: Although numerous studies show that communities are jointly influenced by predation and competitive interactions, few have resolved how temporal variability in these interactions influences community assembly and stability. Here, we addressed this ... ...

Abstract	Although numerous studies show that communities are jointly influenced by predation and competitive interactions, few have resolved how temporal variability in these interactions influences community assembly and stability. Here, we addressed this challenge in experimental microbial microcosms by employing empirical dynamic modelling tools to: (1) detect causal interactions between prey species in the absence and presence of a predator; (2) quantify the time-varying strength of these interactions and (3) explore stability in the resulting communities. Our findings show that predators boost the number of causal interactions among community members, and lead to reduced dynamic stability, but higher coexistence among prey species. These results correspond to time-varying changes in species interactions, including emergence of morphological characteristics that appeared to reduce predation, and indirectly facilitate growth of predator-susceptible species. Jointly, our findings suggest that careful consideration of both context and time may be necessary to predict and explain outcomes in multi-trophic systems.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Food Chain ; Predatory Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.13500
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Book ; Online: How well do Earth system models reproduce the observed aerosol response to rapid emission reductions? A COVID-19 case study

Digby, Ruth A. R. / Gillett, Nathan P. / Monahan, Adam H. / Salzen, Knut / Gkikas, Antonis / Song, Qianqian / Zhang, Zhibo

eISSN: 1680-7324

2024

Abstract: The spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns led to a rapid reduction in aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions. These emission reductions provide a unique opportunity for model evaluation and to assess the potential efficacy of future emission control measures. ... ...

Abstract	The spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns led to a rapid reduction in aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions. These emission reductions provide a unique opportunity for model evaluation and to assess the potential efficacy of future emission control measures. We investigate changes in observed regional aerosol optical depth (AOD) during the COVID-19 lockdowns and use these observed anomalies to evaluate Earth system model simulations forced with COVID-19-like reductions in aerosols and greenhouse gases. Most anthropogenic source regions do not exhibit statistically significant changes in satellite retrievals of total or dust-subtracted AOD, despite the dramatic economic and lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic. Of the regions considered, only India exhibits an AOD anomaly that exceeds internal variability. Earth system models reproduce the observed responses reasonably well over India but initially appear to overestimate the magnitude of response in East China and when averaging over the Northern Hemisphere (0–70 ∘ N) as a whole. We conduct a series of sensitivity tests to systematically assess the contributions of internal variability, model input uncertainty, and observational sampling to the aerosol signal, and we demonstrate that the discrepancies between observed and simulated AOD can be partially resolved through the use of an updated emission inventory. The discrepancies can also be explained in part by characteristics of the observational datasets. Overall our results suggest that current Earth system models have potential to accurately capture the effects of future emission reductions.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: How well do Earth System Models reproduce observed aerosol changes during the Spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns?

Digby, Ruth A. R. / Gillett, Nathan P. / Monahan, Adam H. / Salzen, Knut / Gkikas, Antonis / Song, Qianqian / Zhang, Zhibo

eISSN:

2024

Abstract	The spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns led to a rapid reduction in aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions. These emission reductions provide a unique opportunity for model evaluation and to assess the potential efficacy of future emission control measures. We investigate changes in observed regional aerosol optical depth (AOD) during the COVID-19 lockdowns and use these observed anomalies to evaluate Earth system model simulations forced with COVID-19-like reductions in aerosols and greenhouse gases. Most anthropogenic source regions do not exhibit statistically significant changes in satellite retrievals of total or dust-subtracted AOD, despite the dramatic economic and lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic. Of the regions considered, only India exhibits an AOD anomaly that exceeds internal variability. Earth system models reproduce the observed responses reasonably well over India but initially appear to overestimate the magnitude of response in East China and when averaging over the Northern Hemisphere (0–70 ∘ N) as a whole. We conduct a series of sensitivity tests to systematically assess the contributions of internal variability, model input uncertainty, and observational sampling to the aerosol signal, and we demonstrate that the discrepancies between observed and simulated AOD can be partially resolved through the use of an updated emission inventory. The discrepancies can also be explained in part by characteristics of the observational datasets. Overall our results suggest that current Earth system models have potential to accurately capture the effects of future emission reductions.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The modality of fiscal consolidation and current account adjustment (adjustments)

Adam, Antonis / Moutos, Thomas

CESifo economic studies : CESifo, a joint initiative of the University of Munich's Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute Vol. 63, No. 2 , p. 162-181

2017 Volume 63, Issue 2, Page(s) 162–181

Abstract: In this article, we argue that supply-side adjustments (i.e. the reallocation of productive resources between the traded and non-traded sectors) can be an important determinant of the output costs of current account adjustment. The argument relies on the ...

Author's details	Antonis Adam and Thomas Moutos
Abstract	In this article, we argue that supply-side adjustments (i.e. the reallocation of productive resources between the traded and non-traded sectors) can be an important determinant of the output costs of current account adjustment. The argument relies on the fact that tax evasion is more prevalent in the non-traded sector, which is dominated by services and the self-employed. Heavy reliance on tax-based fiscal consolidations induces a reallocation of economic activity towards the non-traded sector, thus requiring a larger decline in domestic absorption (and output) per unit of improvement in the current account balance. Using International Monetary Fund data for the period 1980–2011, we find that budget consolidations that relied more on tax increases than on spending decreases were associated with larger output costs per unit of current account improvement.
Keywords	current account adjustment ; fiscal consolidation ; non-traded goods ; tax evasion
Language	English
Size	Illustrationen
Publisher	Oxford Univ. Press
Publishing place	Oxford
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2098761-4 ; 2108821-4
ISSN	1612-7501 ; 1610-241X
ISSN (online)	1612-7501
ISSN	1610-241X
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Beyond nitrogen: phosphorus - estimating the minimum niche dimensionality for resource competition between phytoplankton.

Hofmann, Peter / Clark, Adam / Hoffmann, Petra / Chatzinotas, Antonis / Harpole, W Stanley / Dunker, Susanne

Ecology letters

2021 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 761–771

Abstract: The niche dimensionality required for coexistence is often discussed in terms of the number of limiting resources. N and P limitation are benchmarks for studying phytoplankton interactions. However, it is generally agreed that limitation by small numbers ...

Abstract	The niche dimensionality required for coexistence is often discussed in terms of the number of limiting resources. N and P limitation are benchmarks for studying phytoplankton interactions. However, it is generally agreed that limitation by small numbers of resources cannot explain the high phytoplankton diversity observed in nature. Here, we parameterised resource competition models using experimental data for six phytoplankton species grown in monoculture with nine potential limiting resources. We tested predicted species biomass from these models against observations in two-species experimental mixtures. Uptake rates were similar across species, following the classic Redfield ratio. Model accuracy levelled out at around three to five resources suggesting the minimum dimensionality of this system. The models included the resources Fe, Mg, Na and S. Models including only N and P always performed poorly. These results suggest that high-dimensional information about resource limitation despite stoichiometric constraints may be needed to accurately predict community assembly.
MeSH term(s)	Biomass ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton
Chemical Substances	Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.13695
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Article ; Online: Changes of the bacterial composition in duodenal fluid from patients with liver cirrhosis and molecular bacterascites

Jim Höppner / Sandra Krohn / Ellen H. A. van den Munckhof / René Kallies / Adam Herber / Katharina Zeller / Jan Tünnemann / Madlen Matz-Soja / Antonis Chatzinotas / Stephan Böhm / Albrecht Hoffmeister / Thomas Berg / Cornelius Engelmann

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and compositional changes of intestinal microbiota are pathomechanistic factors in liver cirrhosis leading to bacterial translocation and infectious complications. We analyzed the quantity and composition of ...

Abstract	Abstract Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and compositional changes of intestinal microbiota are pathomechanistic factors in liver cirrhosis leading to bacterial translocation and infectious complications. We analyzed the quantity and composition of duodenal bacterial DNA (bactDNA) in relation to bactDNA in blood and ascites of patients with liver cirrhosis. Duodenal fluid and corresponding blood and ascites samples from 103 patients with liver cirrhosis were collected. Non-liver disease patients (n = 22) served as controls. BactDNA was quantified by 16S-rRNA gene-based PCR. T-RFLP and 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to analyze bacterial composition. Duodenal bacterial diversity in cirrhosis was distinct to controls showing significantly higher abundances of Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Veillonella. Patients with bactDNA positive ascites revealed reduced spectrum of core microbiota with Streptococcus as key player of duodenal community and higher prevalence of Granulicatella proving presence of cirrhosis related intestinal dysbiosis. Regarding duodenal fluid bactDNA quantification, no significant differences were found between patients with cirrhosis and controls. Additionally, percentage of subjects with detectable bactDNA in blood did not differ between patients and controls. This study evaluated the diversity of bacterial DNA in different body specimens with potential implications on understanding how intestinal bacterial translocation may affect infectious complications in cirrhosis.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Changes of the bacterial composition in duodenal fluid from patients with liver cirrhosis and molecular bacterascites.

Höppner, Jim / Krohn, Sandra / van den Munckhof, Ellen H A / Kallies, René / Herber, Adam / Zeller, Katharina / Tünnemann, Jan / Matz-Soja, Madlen / Chatzinotas, Antonis / Böhm, Stephan / Hoffmeister, Albrecht / Berg, Thomas / Engelmann, Cornelius

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 23001

Abstract: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and compositional changes of intestinal microbiota are pathomechanistic factors in liver cirrhosis leading to bacterial translocation and infectious complications. We analyzed the quantity and composition of duodenal ...

Abstract	Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and compositional changes of intestinal microbiota are pathomechanistic factors in liver cirrhosis leading to bacterial translocation and infectious complications. We analyzed the quantity and composition of duodenal bacterial DNA (bactDNA) in relation to bactDNA in blood and ascites of patients with liver cirrhosis. Duodenal fluid and corresponding blood and ascites samples from 103 patients with liver cirrhosis were collected. Non-liver disease patients (n = 22) served as controls. BactDNA was quantified by 16S-rRNA gene-based PCR. T-RFLP and 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to analyze bacterial composition. Duodenal bacterial diversity in cirrhosis was distinct to controls showing significantly higher abundances of Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Veillonella. Patients with bactDNA positive ascites revealed reduced spectrum of core microbiota with Streptococcus as key player of duodenal community and higher prevalence of Granulicatella proving presence of cirrhosis related intestinal dysbiosis. Regarding duodenal fluid bactDNA quantification, no significant differences were found between patients with cirrhosis and controls. Additionally, percentage of subjects with detectable bactDNA in blood did not differ between patients and controls. This study evaluated the diversity of bacterial DNA in different body specimens with potential implications on understanding how intestinal bacterial translocation may affect infectious complications in cirrhosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ascites/complications ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Ascitic Fluid/microbiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Bacteria/genetics ; Fibrosis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-49505-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Industry-level labour demand elasticities across the Eurozone

Adam, Antonis / Moutos, Thomas

will there be any gain after the pain of internal devaluation?

(Working paper / Bank of Greece ; 185)

2014

Author's details	Antonis Adam; Thomas Moutos
Series title	Working paper / Bank of Greece ; 185
Keywords	Arbeitsnachfrage ; Elastizität ; Industrie ; Schätzung ; Panel ; EU-Staaten
Language	English
Size	Online-Ressource (41 S.), graph. Darst.
Publisher	Bank of Greece
Publishing place	Athens
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	ECONomics Information System

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