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Article ; Online: Twenty-Year Trends in Drug Overdose Fatalities Among Older Adults in the US.

Humphreys, Keith / Shover, Chelsea L

2023 Volume 80, Issue 5, Page(s) 518–520

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Aged ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Analgesics, Opioid
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2701203-7
ISSN	2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
ISSN (online)	2168-6238
ISSN	2168-622X
DOI	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.5159
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Article ; Online: Charting the fourth wave: Geographic, temporal, race/ethnicity and demographic trends in polysubstance fentanyl overdose deaths in the United States, 2010-2021.

Friedman, Joseph / Shover, Chelsea L

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2023 Volume 118, Issue 12, Page(s) 2477–2485

Abstract: Aims: To characterize polysubstance death in the United States during the transition to the fourth wave of the drug overdose crisis. To characterize co-involved substances in fatal overdose involving synthetic opioids (mainly illicitly manufactured ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To characterize polysubstance death in the United States during the transition to the fourth wave of the drug overdose crisis. To characterize co-involved substances in fatal overdose involving synthetic opioids (mainly illicitly manufactured fentanyl analogues) by year, state, and intersectional sociodemographic groups. Design: Population-based study of national death records. Setting: United States. Participants/cases: All people who died from drug overdose in the United States between 2010 and 2021. Measurements: Percentage of all fatal overdose involving fentanyls, stimulants, and other drugs. Most commonly co-involved substances in fentanyl overdose by state and year. Percentage of fatal fentanyl overdose co-involving stimulants by state and year. Percentage of fatal fentanyl overdose co-involving stimulants by intersectional region, race/ethnicity, age, and sex. Findings: The percent of US overdose deaths involving both fentanyl and stimulants increased from 0.6% (n = 235) in 2010 to 32.3% (34 429) in 2021, with the sharpest rise starting in 2015. In 2010, fentanyl was most commonly found alongside prescription opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol. In the Northeast this shifted to heroin-fentanyl co-involvement in the mid-2010s, and nearly universally to cocaine-fentanyl co-involvement by 2021. Universally in the West, and in the majority of states in the South and Midwest, methamphetamine-fentanyl co-involvement predominated by 2021. The proportion of stimulant involvement in fentanyl-involved overdose deaths rose in virtually every state 2015-2021. Intersectional group analysis reveals particularly high rates for older Black and African American individuals living in the West. Conclusions: By 2021 stimulants were the most common drug class found in fentanyl-involved overdoses in every state in the US. The rise of deaths involving cocaine and methamphetamine must be understood in the context of a drug market dominated by illicit fentanyls, which have made polysubstance use more sought-after and commonplace. The widespread concurrent use of fentanyl and stimulants, as well as other polysubstance formulations, presents novel health risks and public health challenges.
MeSH term(s)	United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Ethnicity ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Drug Overdose ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Fentanyl ; Cocaine ; Opiate Overdose ; Methamphetamine
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Fentanyl (UF599785JZ) ; Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR) ; Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.16318
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Zs.B 551: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Commentary on Larance et al. (2020): Priorities and concerns of people who use opioids are key to scaling up XR-buprenorphine.

Shover, Chelsea L

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2020 Volume 115, Issue 7, Page(s) 1306–1307

MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Opioid ; Australia ; Buprenorphine ; Humans ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Opioid-Related Disorders
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Buprenorphine (40D3SCR4GZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.15048
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Zs.B 551: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Availability of Extended-Release Buprenorphine to Treat Opioid Use Disorders Among Medicaid-Covered Patients.

Shover, Chelsea L

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

2020 Volume 72, Issue 2, Page(s) 225–226

MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Buprenorphine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicaid ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; United States
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Narcotic Antagonists ; Buprenorphine (40D3SCR4GZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1220173-x
ISSN	1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
ISSN (online)	1557-9700
ISSN	1075-2730
DOI	10.1176/appi.ps.202000165
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Zs.A 416: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Polysubstance use and lived experience: new insights into what is needed.

Shover, Chelsea L / Spoliansky, Jordan G / Godvin, Morgan

Current opinion in psychiatry

2023 Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 316–320

Abstract: Purpose of review: During the current overdose crisis in the United States and Canada, both polysubstance use and interventions involving people with lived experience of substance use disorder have grown. This review investigates the intersection of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: During the current overdose crisis in the United States and Canada, both polysubstance use and interventions involving people with lived experience of substance use disorder have grown. This review investigates the intersection of these topics to recommend best practices. Recent findings: We identified four themes from the recent literature. These are ambivalence about the term lived experience and the practice of using private disclosure to gain rapport or credibility; efficacy of peer participation; promoting equitable participation by fairly compensating staff hired for their lived experience; challenges unique to the current polysubstance-dominated era of the overdose crisis. People with lived experience make important contributions to research and treatment, especially given the additional challenges that polysubstance use creates above and beyond single substance use disorder. The same lived experience that can make someone an excellent peer support worker also often comes with both trauma related to working with people struggling with substance use and lack of opportunities for career advancement. Summary: Policy priorities for clinicians, researchers and organizations should include steps to foster equitable participation, such as recognizing expertise by experience with fair compensation; offering career advancement opportunities; and promoting self-determination in how people describe themselves.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Drug Overdose ; Peer Group ; Interpersonal Relations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	645162-7
ISSN	1473-6578 ; 0951-7367
ISSN (online)	1473-6578
ISSN	0951-7367
DOI	10.1097/YCO.0000000000000876
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Zs.A 2532: Show issues

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Article: Recreational cannabis legalization presents an opportunity to reduce the harms of the US medical cannabis industry.

Humphreys, Keith / Shover, Chelsea L

World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)

2020 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 191–192

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-11
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2236130-3
ISSN	2051-5545 ; 1723-8617
ISSN (online)	2051-5545
ISSN	1723-8617
DOI	10.1002/wps.20739
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Article ; Online: Drug-related deaths among housed and homeless individuals in the UK and the USA: comparative retrospective cohort study.

Roberts, Emmert / Copeland, Caroline / Humphreys, Keith / Shover, Chelsea L

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science

2023 Volume 223, Issue 6, Page(s) 562–568

Abstract: Background: The UK and USA currently report their highest number of drug-related deaths since records began, with higher rates among individuals experiencing homelessness.: Aims: Given that overdose prevention in homeless populations may require ... ...

Abstract	Background: The UK and USA currently report their highest number of drug-related deaths since records began, with higher rates among individuals experiencing homelessness. Aims: Given that overdose prevention in homeless populations may require unique strategies, we evaluated whether substances implicated in death differed between (a) housed decedents and those experiencing homelessness and (b) between US and UK homeless populations. Method: We conducted an internationally comparative retrospective cohort study utilising multilevel multinomial regression modelling of coronial/medical examiner-verified drug-related deaths from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021. UK data were available for England, Wales and Northern Ireland; US data were collated from eight county jurisdictions. Data were available on decedent age, sex, ethnicity, housing status and substances implicated in death. Results: Homeless individuals accounted for 16.3% of US decedents versus 3.4% in the UK. Opioids were implicated in 66.3 and 50.4% of all studied drug-related deaths in the UK and the USA respectively. UK homeless decedents had a significantly increased risk of having only opioids implicated in death compared with only non-opioids implicated (relative risk ratio RRR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.76-1.98, Conclusions: Both the rate and type of drug-related deaths differ significantly between homeless and housed populations in the UK and USA. The two countries also differ in drugs implicated in death. Targeted programmes for country-specific implicated drug profiles appear warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Housing ; Retrospective Studies ; Ill-Housed Persons ; Drug Overdose ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218103-4
ISSN	1472-1465 ; 0007-1250
ISSN (online)	1472-1465
ISSN	0007-1250
DOI	10.1192/bjp.2023.111
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Article ; Online: US drug overdose mortality rose faster among hispanics than non-hispanics from 2010 to 2021.

Romero, Ruby / Friedman, Joseph R / Goodman-Meza, David / Shover, Chelsea L

Drug and alcohol dependence

2023 Volume 246, Page(s) 109859

Abstract: Background: Historically, overdose mortality rates among Hispanics have been lower than non-Hispanics. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the U.S. overdose crisis among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics.: Methods: We used the Centers ... ...

Abstract	Background: Historically, overdose mortality rates among Hispanics have been lower than non-Hispanics. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the U.S. overdose crisis among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics. Methods: We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research (WONDER) platform to obtain drug overdose mortality rates per 100,000 population between 2010 and 2021 for Hispanics and non-Hispanics. We examined the relative percent change and specific drug involvement (2010-2021) and state-level disparities (2010-2020) among Hispanics versus non-Hispanics. We calculated rate ratios by state and annual percent change in total and for each specific drug. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4.0.3 (R Project for Statistical Computing). Results: Nationally, from 2010 to 2021, Hispanic overdose rates rose from 5.6 to 21.7 per 100,000, an increase of 287.5 % compared to 13.5-35.1 per 100,000, an increase of 160 % among non-Hispanics. The average annual percent change was 12 % for Hispanics and 9 % for non-Hispanics. The three most common drug classes involved in overdose deaths among both groups included: Fentanyls and synthetic opioids; cocaine; and prescription opioids. Hispanic overdose rates were higher than non-Hispanic rates in New Mexico, Colorado, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania in 2020, versus only Michigan in 2010. Conclusions: We observed disparities in overdose mortality growth among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics from 2010 to 2021. These disparities highlight the urgency to develop community-centered solutions that take into consideration the social and structural inequalities that exacerbate the effects of the opioid overdose crisis on Hispanic communities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/poisoning ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Drug Overdose/ethnology ; Drug Overdose/mortality ; Fentanyl/poisoning ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; New Mexico/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S./statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Fentanyl (UF599785JZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	519918-9
ISSN	1879-0046 ; 0376-8716
ISSN (online)	1879-0046
ISSN	0376-8716
DOI	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109859
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Article: Debunking Cannabidiol as a Treatment for COVID-19: Time for the FDA to Adopt a Focused Deterrence Model?

Shover, Chelsea L / Humphreys, Keith

Cureus

2020 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) e8671

Abstract: Many cannabidiol (CBD) retailers make unsupported medical claims about their product. In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to CBD retailers who promoted CBD to treat Alzheimer's disease, cancer, diabetes, ... ...

Abstract	Many cannabidiol (CBD) retailers make unsupported medical claims about their product. In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to CBD retailers who promoted CBD to treat Alzheimer's disease, cancer, diabetes, and other serious conditions for which there is no evidence of its efficacy as a treatment or preventive. Compliance with these warning letters has been low. During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the FDA has begun sending more strongly worded warning letters that appear to have better compliance in that most of these companies have removed COVID-19-related claims. However, many continue to present other unsupported medical claims on other serious medical conditions like cancer, depression, addiction, and bone fractures, among many others. We argue that adopting a strategy of focused deterrence where the FDA prioritizes enforcement related to COVID-19 claims - but when COVID-19-related claims are found, pursues all other violations by that company - would present an opportunity to efficiently cut down on harmful claims overstating CBD's benefits.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.8671
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Article ; Online: Six policy lessons relevant to cannabis legalization.

Shover, Chelsea L / Humphreys, Keith

The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse

2019 Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 698–706

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Lobbying ; Marijuana Use/legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical Marijuana ; Public Health ; Public Policy
Chemical Substances	Medical Marijuana
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	193086-2
ISSN	1097-9891 ; 0095-2990
ISSN (online)	1097-9891
ISSN	0095-2990
DOI	10.1080/00952990.2019.1569669
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