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  1. Article ; Online: Longitudinal visual field variability and the ability to detect glaucoma progression in black and white individuals.

    Stagg, Brian / Mariottoni, Eduardo B / Berchuck, Samuel / Jammal, Alessandro / Elam, Angela R / Hess, Rachel / Kawamoto, Kensaku / Haaland, Benjamin / Medeiros, Felipe A

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2021  Volume 106, Issue 8, Page(s) 1115–1120

    Abstract: Background/aims: To investigate racial differences in the variability of longitudinal visual field testing in a 'real-world' clinical population, evaluate how these differences are influenced by socioeconomic status, and estimate the impact of ... ...

    Abstract Background/aims: To investigate racial differences in the variability of longitudinal visual field testing in a 'real-world' clinical population, evaluate how these differences are influenced by socioeconomic status, and estimate the impact of differences in variability on the time to detect visual field progression.
    Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study used data from 1103 eyes from 751 White individuals and 428 eyes from 317 black individuals. Linear regression was performed on the standard automated perimetry mean deviation values for each eye over time. The SD of the residuals from the trend lines was calculated and used as a measure of variability for each eye. The association of race with the SD of the residuals was evaluated using a multivariable generalised estimating equation model with an interaction between race and zip code income. Computer simulations were used to estimate the time to detect visual field progression in the two racial groups.
    Results: Black patients had larger visual field variability over time compared with white patients, even when adjusting for zip code level socioeconomic variables (SD of residuals for Black patients=1.53 dB (95% CI 1.43 to 1.64); for white patients=1.26 dB (95% CI 1.14 to 1.22); mean difference: 0.28 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.41); p<0.001). The difference in visual field variability between black and white patients was greater at lower levels of income and led to a delay in detection of glaucoma progression.
    Conclusion: Black patients had larger visual field variability compared with white patients. This relationship was strongly influenced by socioeconomic status and may partially explain racial disparities in glaucoma outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Progression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma/diagnosis ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Retrospective Studies ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318104
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  2. Article: The STOP COVID 2 Study: Fluvoxamine vs Placebo for Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19, a Fully Remote Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Reiersen, Angela M / Mattar, Caline / Bender Ignacio, Rachel A / Boulware, David R / Lee, Todd C / Hess, Rachel / Lankowski, Alexander J / McDonald, Emily G / Miller, J Philip / Powderly, William G / Pullen, Matthew F / Rado, Jeffrey T / Rich, Michael W / Schiffer, Joshua T / Schweiger, Julie / Spivak, Adam M / Stevens, Angela / Vigod, Simone N / Agarwal, Payal /
    Yang, Lei / Yingling, Michael / Gettinger, Torie R / Zorumski, Charles F / Lenze, Eric J

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) ofad419

    Abstract: Background: Prior randomized clinical trials have reported benefit of fluvoxamine ≥200 mg/d vs placebo for patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).: Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Prior randomized clinical trials have reported benefit of fluvoxamine ≥200 mg/d vs placebo for patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
    Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fully remote multisite clinical trial evaluated whether fluvoxamine prevents clinical deterioration in higher-risk outpatients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Between December 2020 and May 2021, nonhospitalized US and Canadian participants with confirmed symptomatic infection received fluvoxamine (50 mg on day 1, 100 mg twice daily thereafter) or placebo for 15 days. The primary modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population included participants who started the intervention within 7 days of symptom onset with a baseline oxygen saturation ≥92%. The primary outcome was clinical deterioration within 15 days of randomization, defined as having both (1) shortness of breath (severity ≥4 on a 0-10 scale or requiring hospitalization)
    Results: A total of 547 participants were randomized and met mITT criteria (n = 272 fluvoxamine, n = 275 placebo). The Data Safety Monitoring Board recommended stopping early for futility related to lower-than-predicted event rates and declining accrual concurrent with vaccine availability in the United States and Canada. Clinical deterioration occurred in 13 (4.8%) participants in the fluvoxamine group and 15 (5.5%) participants in the placebo group (absolute difference at day 15, 0.68%; 95% CI, -3.0% to 4.4%; log-rank
    Conclusions: This trial did not find fluvoxamine efficacious in preventing clinical deterioration in unvaccinated outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19. It was stopped early and underpowered due to low primary outcome rates.
    Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04668950.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofad419
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  3. Article ; Online: Post-transplant Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated with Donor-Derived TIM-3 Deficiency.

    Baldrich, Adrian / Althaus, Dominic / Menter, Thomas / Hirsiger, Julia R / Köppen, Julius / Hupfer, Robin / Juskevicius, Darius / Konantz, Martina / Bosch, Angela / Drexler, Beatrice / Gerull, Sabine / Ghosh, Adhideb / Meyer, Benedikt J / Jauch, Annaise / Pini, Katia / Poletti, Fabio / Berkemeier, Caroline M / Heijnen, Ingmar / Panne, Isabelle /
    Cavelti-Weder, Claudia / Niess, Jan Hendrik / Dixon, Karen / Daikeler, Thomas / Hartmann, Karin / Hess, Christoph / Halter, Jörg / Passweg, Jakob / Navarini, Alexander A / Yamamoto, Hiroyuki / Berger, Christoph T / Recher, Mike / Hruz, Petr

    Journal of clinical immunology

    2024  Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 63

    Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurring following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) is a very rare condition. The underlying pathogenesis needs to be better defined. There is currently no systematic effort to exclude loss- or gain-of- ... ...

    Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurring following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) is a very rare condition. The underlying pathogenesis needs to be better defined. There is currently no systematic effort to exclude loss- or gain-of-function mutations in immune-related genes in stem cell donors. This is despite the fact that more than 100 inborn errors of immunity may cause or contribute to IBD. We have molecularly characterized a patient who developed fulminant inflammatory bowel disease following aSCT with stable 100% donor-derived hematopoiesis. A pathogenic c.A291G; p.I97M HAVCR2 mutation encoding the immune checkpoint protein TIM-3 was identified in the patient's blood-derived DNA, while being absent in DNA derived from the skin. TIM-3 expression was much decreased in the patient's serum, and in vitro-activated patient-derived T cells expressed reduced TIM-3 levels. In contrast, T cell-intrinsic CD25 expression and production of inflammatory cytokines were preserved. TIM-3 expression was barely detectable in the immune cells of the patient's intestinal mucosa, while being detected unambiguously in the inflamed and non-inflamed colon from unrelated individuals. In conclusion, we report the first case of acquired, "transplanted" insufficiency of the regulatory TIM-3 checkpoint linked to post-aSCT IBD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/genetics ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779361-3
    ISSN 1573-2592 ; 0271-9142
    ISSN (online) 1573-2592
    ISSN 0271-9142
    DOI 10.1007/s10875-024-01667-z
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  4. Article ; Online: Imaging the effects of annealing on the polymorphic phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride).

    Hess, Chelsea M / Rudolph, Angela R / Reid, Philip J

    The journal of physical chemistry. B

    2015  Volume 119, Issue 10, Page(s) 4127–4132

    Abstract: The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure ... ...

    Abstract The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure the spatial distribution of the local dielectric constant (ε) in ∼30 μm thick PVDF films before and after annealing at 90 °C. The results presented here demonstrate that nonannealed films exhibit much larger ε distributions, both in terms of magnitude and distribution, when compared to annealed films. The polymorphic phase of PVDF before and after annealing is also confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Nonannealed films are found to be in the γ-phase with annealing promoting the transition to primarily β-phase. Combining these results, we conclude that the decrease in ε with annealing time is due to the phase transformation from γ- to β-phase. Using quasi-SM imaging techniques one can readily visualize the ε environments present within different polymorphic phases of PVDF.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5207
    ISSN (online) 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021/jp512486n
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  5. Article ; Online: Adherence to home-based videogame treatment for amblyopia in children and adults.

    Gao, Tina Y / Black, Joanna M / Babu, Raiju J / Bobier, William R / Chakraborty, Arijit / Dai, Shuan / Guo, Cindy X / Hess, Robert F / Jenkins, Michelle / Jiang, Yannan / Kearns, Lisa S / Kowal, Lionel / Lam, Carly S Y / Pang, Peter C K / Parag, Varsha / Pieri, Roberto / Nallour Raveendren, Rajkumar / South, Jayshree / Staffieri, Sandra Elfride /
    Wadham, Angela / Walker, Natalie / Thompson, Benjamin

    Clinical & experimental optometry

    2021  Volume 104, Issue 7, Page(s) 773–779

    Abstract: ... Clinical ... ...

    Abstract Clinical relevance
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amblyopia/therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Sensory Deprivation ; Treatment Outcome ; Video Games ; Vision, Binocular ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639275-1
    ISSN 1444-0938 ; 0816-4622
    ISSN (online) 1444-0938
    ISSN 0816-4622
    DOI 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878834
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  6. Article: Differential expression of EphB4 and ephrin-B2 in highly aggressive versus poorly aggressive human melanoma tumor cells

    Ibrahim, Ghaith / Hess, Angela R

    Bios. 2012 Dec., v. 83, no. 4

    2012  

    Abstract: Malignant melanoma arises from a genetic defect in pigment producing cells known as melanocytes. Melanoma is not the most common type of skin cancer; however, it is the deadliest type. The ability of malignant melanoma cells to metastasize poses a great ... ...

    Abstract Malignant melanoma arises from a genetic defect in pigment producing cells known as melanocytes. Melanoma is not the most common type of skin cancer; however, it is the deadliest type. The ability of malignant melanoma cells to metastasize poses a great health risk. Previous studies have shown that highly aggressive human melanoma cells (most likely to metastasize) unlike poorly aggressive melanoma cells (least likely to metastasize), express markers associated with endothelial and epithelial cells and form vascular-like networks, in a process called vasculogenic mimicry (VM). The objective of this study was to determine the expression levels of the tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4 and its ligand ephrin-B2 in highly aggressive human melanoma cells compared to poorly aggressive human melanoma cells. PCR primers targeting the EphB4 and ephrin-B2 gene were designed and PCR was performed. Our results indicate that EphB4 is expressed by both highly and poorly aggressive human melanoma cells whereas ephrin-B2 displays an increased level of expression in highly aggressive human melanoma cells. Future research aims are to understand the functional significance of this receptor/ligand pair and its role in mediating melanoma vasculogenic mimicry.
    Keywords DNA primers ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; genetic disorders ; humans ; melanocytes ; melanoma ; neoplasm cells ; polymerase chain reaction ; receptor protein-tyrosine kinase ; risk ; skin neoplasms
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-12
    Size p. 127-135.
    Publishing place Beta Beta Beta Biological Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2175911-X
    ISSN 0005-3155
    ISSN 0005-3155
    DOI 10.1893%2F0005-3155-83.4.127
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  7. Article ; Online: Effect of Shared Decision-Making for Stroke Prevention on Treatment Adherence and Safety Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    Noseworthy, Peter A / Branda, Megan E / Kunneman, Marleen / Hargraves, Ian G / Sivly, Angela L / Brito, Juan P / Burnett, Bruce / Zeballos-Palacios, Claudia / Linzer, Mark / Suzuki, Takeki / Lee, Alexander T / Gorr, Haeshik / Jackson, Elizabeth A / Hess, Erik / Brand-McCarthy, Sarah R / Shah, Nilay D / Montori, Victor M

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) e023048

    Abstract: Background Guidelines promote shared decision-making (SDM) for anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. We recently showed that adding a within-encounter SDM tool to usual care (UC) increases patient involvement in decision-making and ... ...

    Abstract Background Guidelines promote shared decision-making (SDM) for anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. We recently showed that adding a within-encounter SDM tool to usual care (UC) increases patient involvement in decision-making and clinician satisfaction, without affecting encounter length. We aimed to estimate the extent to which use of an SDM tool changed adherence to the decided care plan and clinical safety end points. Methods and Results We conducted a multicenter, encounter-level, randomized trial assessing the efficacy of UC with versus without an SDM conversation tool for use during the clinical encounter (Anticoagulation Choice) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation considering starting or reviewing anticoagulation treatment. We conducted a chart and pharmacy review, blinded to randomization status, at 10 months after enrollment to assess primary adherence (proportion of patients who were prescribed an anticoagulant who filled their first prescription) and secondary adherence (estimated using the proportion of days for which treatment was supplied and filled for direct oral anticoagulant, and as time in therapeutic range for warfarin). We also noted any strokes, transient ischemic attacks, major bleeding, or deaths as safety end points. We enrolled 922 evaluable patient encounters (Anticoagulation Choice=463, and UC=459), of which 814 (88%) had pharmacy and clinical follow-up. We found no differences between arms in either primary adherence (78% of patients in the SDM arm filled their first prescription versus 81% in UC arm) or secondary adherence to anticoagulation (percentage days covered of the direct oral anticoagulant was 74.1% in SDM versus 71.6% in UC; time in therapeutic range for warfarin was 66.6% in SDM versus 64.4% in UC). Safety outcomes, mostly bleeds, occurred in 13% of participants in the SDM arm and 14% in the UC arm. Conclusions In this large, randomized trial comparing UC with a tool to promote SDM against UC alone, we found no significant differences between arms in primary or secondary adherence to anticoagulation or in clinical safety outcomes. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02905032.
    MeSH term(s) Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Atrial Fibrillation/complications ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Humans ; Patient Participation ; Stroke/complications ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Warfarin/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.121.023048
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  8. Article: Imaging the Effects of Annealing on the Polymorphic Phases of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

    Hess, Chelsea M / Rudolph Angela R / Reid Philip J

    Journal of physical chemistry. 2015 Mar. 12, v. 119, no. 10

    2015  

    Abstract: The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure ... ...

    Abstract The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure the spatial distribution of the local dielectric constant (ε) in ∼30 μm thick PVDF films before and after annealing at 90 °C. The results presented here demonstrate that nonannealed films exhibit much larger ε distributions, both in terms of magnitude and distribution, when compared to annealed films. The polymorphic phase of PVDF before and after annealing is also confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Nonannealed films are found to be in the γ-phase with annealing promoting the transition to primarily β-phase. Combining these results, we conclude that the decrease in ε with annealing time is due to the phase transformation from γ- to β-phase. Using quasi-SM imaging techniques one can readily visualize the ε environments present within different polymorphic phases of PVDF.
    Keywords X-ray diffraction ; annealing ; dielectric properties ; image analysis ; microscopy ; phase transition ; thermoplastics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0312
    Size p. 4127-4132.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021%2Fjp512486n
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  9. Article ; Online: A vulnerability assessment for the HCV infections associated with injection drug use.

    Sharareh, Nasser / Hess, Rachel / White, Scott / Dunn, Angela / Singer, Phillip M / Cochran, Jerry

    Preventive medicine

    2020  Volume 134, Page(s) 106040

    Abstract: After the 2014-2015 HIV outbreak in Scott County, Indiana, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a nationwide analysis to identify vulnerable counties to an outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)/Human Immunodeficiency ... ...

    Abstract After the 2014-2015 HIV outbreak in Scott County, Indiana, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a nationwide analysis to identify vulnerable counties to an outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and prevent such an outbreak in the future. We developed a jurisdiction-level vulnerability assessment for HCV infections associated with injection drug use (IDU) in Utah. We used three years of data (2015-2017) from 15 data sources to construct a regression model to identify significant indicators of IDU. A ZIP Code, county, or individual-level measure of IDU does not exist, therefore, CDC has suggested using HCV cases as a proxy for IDU. We used the Social Vulnerability Index to highlight vulnerable areas to HCV outbreaks and applied Geographical Information System (GIS) to identify hot spots of HCV infections (i.e. current/ongoing HCV transmissions). Rates of skin infection, buprenorphine prescription, administered naloxone, teen birth, and per capita income were associated with HCV infections. The opioid epidemic is dynamic and over time, it impacts different communities through its sequelae such as HCV outbreaks. We need to conduct this vulnerability assessment frequently, using updated data, to better target our resources. Moreover, we should consider evaluating whether the improvement of HCV screening has an impact on controlling HCV outbreaks. The analysis informs Utah's agencies and healthcare officials to target resources and interventions to prevent IDU-related HCV outbreaks. Our results inform policymakers at the national level on possible indicators of HCV outbreaks as well.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hepacivirus/isolation & purification ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; United States ; Utah/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106040
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  10. Article ; Online: Biochemical Validation of a Self-Administered Carotenoid Intake Screener to Assess Carotenoid Intake in Nonobese Adults.

    Casperson, Shanon L / Scheett, Angela / Palmer, Daniel G / Jahns, Lisa / Hess, Julie M / Roemmich, James N

    Current developments in nutrition

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 100024

    Abstract: ... intake screener, correlated with both the plasma total carotenoid concentration (r = 0.52 ...

    Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between carotenoid intake and health. However, an accurate measurement of carotenoid intake is challenging. FFQ is the most commonly used dietary assessment method and is typically composed of 100-200 items. However, the greater participant burden that accompanies a more detailed FFQ provides only a marginal gain in accuracy. Therefore, a brief validated carotenoid intake screener is needed.
    Objectives: To conduct secondary analysis evaluating the validity of a newly developed 44-item carotenoid intake screener from The Juice Study: Sensitivity of Skin Carotenoid Status to Detect Change in Intake (NCT03202043) against corresponding plasma carotenoid concentrations (primary) and skin carotenoids (secondary) in nonobese Midwestern American adults.
    Methods: Healthy adults (
    Results: The total carotenoid intake, as determined by the carotenoid intake screener, correlated with both the plasma total carotenoid concentration (r = 0.52;
    Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate an acceptable relative validity of the carotenoid intake screener to assess total carotenoid intake in adults classified as those having a healthy body or those with overweight.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2475-2991
    ISSN (online) 2475-2991
    DOI 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100024
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