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Article: A Survey of Pennsylvania Horse Management: Part Two - Exercise.

Orr, Erin L / Staniar, William B / Smarsh, Danielle N

2022 Volume 120, Page(s) 104186

Abstract: Understanding the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise is important for determining the optimal diet and management of horses. The objective of the study was to characterize the exercise management of horses in Pennsylvania. An online survey ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise is important for determining the optimal diet and management of horses. The objective of the study was to characterize the exercise management of horses in Pennsylvania. An online survey was distributed from February 27th to August 31st, 2020. Respondents were asked to place their horse in an exercise category, as well as report on frequency and duration of exercise and time spent at each gait. Nonparametric statistics (mdn=median) and tests were used when data were not normally distributed. Of the 470 horses, 68% were regularly exercised. The exercised horses were classified as 49% (135/275) in light, 41% (113/275) in moderate, and 12% (32/275) in heavy/very heavy exercise. Of those exercised, 43% (120/278) were ridden recreationally (not used for competition). The median minutes per week spent exercising was 180 minutes (IQR=183). The average number of exercise sessions per week was 3.6 ± 2.2. Horses in heavy/very heavy (mdn=220 min, IQR=272) and moderate exercise (mdn=180 min, IQR=180) spent more minutes exercising per week compared to light exercise (mdn=120 minute, IQR=180; P< .05). Total number of exercise sessions completed per week differed between horses in light (mdn=2 sessions, IQR=3), moderate (mdn=4 sessions, IQR=2), and heavy/very heavy exercise (mdn=6 sessions, IQR=2; P < .05). Horses were exercised for a similar duration and frequency per week compared to previous studies. Some challenges exist for placing horses in NRC exercise categories based on self-reports only.
MeSH term(s)	Horses ; Animals ; Pennsylvania ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Gait
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104186
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Article ; Online: Extensive cellular multi-tasking within

Yannarell, Sarah M / Beaudoin, Eric S / Talley, Hunter S / Schoenborn, Alexi A / Orr, Galya / Anderton, Christopher R / Chrisler, William B / Shank, Elizabeth A

mSystems

2023 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) e0089122

Abstract: ... Bacillus ... ...

Abstract	Bacillus subtilis
MeSH term(s)	Bacillus subtilis/genetics ; Biofilms ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Flow Cytometry ; Cell Differentiation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	2379-5077
ISSN (online)	2379-5077
DOI	10.1128/msystems.00891-22
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Article ; Online: EKG Abnormalities in a Youth Athlete Following COVID-19: It's Not Always Myocarditis!

Powell, Adam W / Urbina, Elaine M / Orr, William B / Hansen, Jesse E / Baskar, Shankar

Pediatric cardiology

2022 Volume 43, Issue 8, Page(s) 1922–1925

Abstract: COVID-19 associated myocarditis following mild infections is rare while incidental findings may be more common. A young athlete fully recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection presented with inferolateral T-wave inversions and left ventricular hypertrophy ...

Abstract	COVID-19 associated myocarditis following mild infections is rare while incidental findings may be more common. A young athlete fully recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection presented with inferolateral T-wave inversions and left ventricular hypertrophy on imaging. Exercise testing aided in correctly diagnosing the patient with masked systolic hypertension.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Myocarditis/diagnostic imaging ; Myocarditis/etiology ; COVID-19 ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications ; Masked Hypertension ; Athletes ; Electrocardiography
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800857-7
ISSN	1432-1971 ; 0172-0643
ISSN (online)	1432-1971
ISSN	0172-0643
DOI	10.1007/s00246-022-02935-8
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Article ; Online: Incorporation of the CardioMEMS™ System During an Exercise Physiology Test in a Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Patient Contributing to Medical Decision-Making.

Orr, William B / Colombo, Jamie N / Roberts, Bayley / Silva, Jennifer N Avari / Balzer, David

Pediatric cardiology

2021 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 695–699

Abstract: Exercise testing among the pediatric congenital heart disease population continues to transform and expand the way patients are evaluated and managed. We describe a case where a stress echocardiogram was performed while successfully collecting data from ... ...

Abstract	Exercise testing among the pediatric congenital heart disease population continues to transform and expand the way patients are evaluated and managed. We describe a case where a stress echocardiogram was performed while successfully collecting data from a previously implanted CardioMEMS™ HF system which helped guide decision-making.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Exercise Test ; Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800857-7
ISSN	1432-1971 ; 0172-0643
ISSN (online)	1432-1971
ISSN	0172-0643
DOI	10.1007/s00246-021-02758-z
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Article ; Online: Single-Centre Case Series Assessment of Early Exercise Capacity Data Among Patients Who Received an Alterra Prestent and SAPIEN 3 Valve Placement.

Orr, William B / Colombo, Jamie N / Roberts, Bayley / Avari Silva, Jennifer N / Balzer, David / Shahanavaz, Shabana

CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease

2022 Volume 1, Issue 4, Page(s) 193–197

Abstract: Previous studies have used cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) data to objectively assess physiological changes in patients undergoing percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. A retrospective review was performed to assess pre- and post-CPET data ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies have used cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) data to objectively assess physiological changes in patients undergoing percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. A retrospective review was performed to assess pre- and post-CPET data among patients undergoing Alterra Adaptive Prestent and SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve (Alterra) placement. Of the 7 patients eligible for the study, 5 (71%) were male. The mean age was 22 years (range: 12-49 years). CPET data showed significant (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-8129
ISSN (online)	2772-8129
DOI	10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.06.002
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Article ; Online: Dynamic nitrogen fixation in an aerobic endophyte of Populus.

Sher, Andrew W / Aufrecht, Jayde A / Herrera, Daisy / Zimmerman, Amy E / Kim, Young-Mo / Munoz, Nathalie / Trejo, Jesse B / Paurus, Vanessa L / Cliff, John B / Hu, Dehong / Chrisler, William B / Tournay, Robert J / Gomez-Rivas, Emma / Orr, Galya / Ahkami, Amir H / Doty, Sharon L

The ISME journal

2024 Volume 18, Issue 1

Abstract: Biological nitrogen fixation by microbial diazotrophs can contribute significantly to nitrogen availability in non-nodulating plant species. In this study of molecular mechanisms and gene expression relating to biological nitrogen fixation, the aerobic ... ...

Abstract	Biological nitrogen fixation by microbial diazotrophs can contribute significantly to nitrogen availability in non-nodulating plant species. In this study of molecular mechanisms and gene expression relating to biological nitrogen fixation, the aerobic nitrogen-fixing endophyte Burkholderia vietnamiensis, strain WPB, isolated from Populus trichocarpa served as a model for endophyte-poplar interactions. Nitrogen-fixing activity was observed to be dynamic on nitrogen-free medium with a subset of colonies growing to form robust, raised globular like structures. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) confirmed that N-fixation was uneven within the population. A fluorescent transcriptional reporter (GFP) revealed that the nitrogenase subunit nifH is not uniformly expressed across genetically identical colonies of WPB and that only ~11% of the population was actively expressing the nifH gene. Higher nifH gene expression was observed in clustered cells through monitoring individual bacterial cells using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization. Through 15N2 enrichment, we identified key nitrogenous metabolites and proteins synthesized by WPB and employed targeted metabolomics in active and inactive populations. We cocultivated WPB Pnif-GFP with poplar within a RhizoChip, a synthetic soil habitat, which enabled direct imaging of microbial nifH expression within root epidermal cells. We observed that nifH expression is localized to the root elongation zone where the strain forms a unique physical interaction with the root cells. This work employed comprehensive experimentation to identify novel mechanisms regulating both biological nitrogen fixation and beneficial plant-endophyte interactions.
MeSH term(s)	Nitrogen Fixation/physiology ; Populus/genetics ; Populus/metabolism ; Endophytes/genetics ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Nitrogenase/genetics ; Nitrogenase/metabolism ; Nitrogen
Chemical Substances	Oxidoreductases (EC 1.-) ; Nitrogenase (EC 1.18.6.1) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2406536-5
ISSN	1751-7370 ; 1751-7362
ISSN (online)	1751-7370
ISSN	1751-7362
DOI	10.1093/ismejo/wrad012
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Article: Formulated Phospholipids as Non-Canonical TLR4 Agonists.

Liang, Hong / Lykins, William R / Seydoux, Emilie / Guderian, Jeffrey A / Phan, Tony / Fox, Christopher B / Orr, Mark T

Pharmaceutics

2022 Volume 14, Issue 12

Abstract: Immunogenic agents known as adjuvants play a critical role in many vaccine formulations. Adjuvants often signal through Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, including formulations in licensed vaccines that target TLR4. While TLR4 is predominantly known for ...

Abstract	Immunogenic agents known as adjuvants play a critical role in many vaccine formulations. Adjuvants often signal through Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, including formulations in licensed vaccines that target TLR4. While TLR4 is predominantly known for responding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacterial membranes, it has been shown to be a receptor for a number of molecular structures, including phospholipids. Therefore, phospholipid-based pharmaceutical formulations might have off-target effects by signaling through TLR4, confounding interpretation of pharmaceutical bioactivity. In this study we examined the individual components of a clinical stage oil-in-water vaccine adjuvant emulsion (referred to as a stable emulsion or SE) and their ability to signal through murine and human TLR4s. We found that the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) activated TLR4 and elicited many of the same immune phenotypes as canonical TLR4 agonists. This pathway was dependent on the saturation, size, and headgroup of the phospholipid. Interestingly, DMPC effects on human cells were evident but overall appeared less impactful than emulsion oil composition. Considering the prevalence of DMPC and other phospholipids used across the pharmaceutical space, these findings may contextualize off-target innate immune responses that could impact preclinical and clinical development.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics14122557
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Article ; Online: Capturing an Early Gene Induction Event during Wood Decay by the Brown Rot Fungus

Anderson, Claire E / Zhang, Jiwei / Markillie, Lye Meng / Mitchell, Hugh D / Chrisler, William B / Gaffrey, Matthew J / Orr, Galya / Schilling, Jonathan S

Applied and environmental microbiology

2022 Volume 88, Issue 8, Page(s) e0018822

Abstract: Brown rot fungi dominate wood decomposition in coniferous forests, and their carbohydrate-selective mechanisms are of commercial interest. Brown rot was recently described as a two-step, sequential mechanism orchestrated by fungi using differentially ... ...

Abstract	Brown rot fungi dominate wood decomposition in coniferous forests, and their carbohydrate-selective mechanisms are of commercial interest. Brown rot was recently described as a two-step, sequential mechanism orchestrated by fungi using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and consisting of oxidation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by enzymatic saccharification. There have been indications, however, that the initial oxidation step itself might require induction. To capture this early gene regulation event, here, we integrated fine-scale cryosectioning with whole-transcriptome sequencing to dissect gene expression at the single-hyphal-cell scale (tens of micrometers). This improved the spatial resolution 50-fold, relative to previous work, and we were able to capture the activity of the first 100 μm of hyphal front growth by Rhodonia placenta in aspen wood. This early decay period was dominated by delayed gene expression patterns as the fungus ramped up its mechanism. These delayed DEGs included many genes implicated in ROS pathways (lignocellulose oxidation [LOX]) that were previously and incorrectly assumed to be constitutively expressed. These delayed DEGs, which include those with and without predicted functions, also create a focused subset of target genes for functional genomics. However, this delayed pattern was not universal, with a few genes being upregulated immediately at the hyphal front. Most notably, this included a gene commonly implicated in hydroquinone and iron redox cycling: benzoquinone reductase.
MeSH term(s)	Benzoquinones/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Polyporales ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Wood/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Benzoquinones ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Oxidoreductases (EC 1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/aem.00188-22
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Article ; Online: Assessment of Apple Watch Series 6 pulse oximetry and electrocardiograms in a pediatric population.

Littell, Lauren / Roelle, Lisa / Dalal, Aarti / Van Hare, George F / Orr, William B / Miller, Nathan / Avari Silva, Jennifer N

PLOS digital health

2022 Volume 1, Issue 8, Page(s) e0000051

Abstract: Background: Recent technologic advances have resulted in increased development and utilization of direct-to-consumer cardiac wearable devices with various functionality. This study aimed to assess Apple Watch Series 6 (AW6) pulse oximetry and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recent technologic advances have resulted in increased development and utilization of direct-to-consumer cardiac wearable devices with various functionality. This study aimed to assess Apple Watch Series 6 (AW6) pulse oximetry and electrocardiography (ECG) in a cohort of pediatric patients. Methods: This single-center, prospective study enrolled pediatric patients ≥ 3kg and having an ECG and/or pulse oximetry (SpO2) as part of their planned evaluation. Exclusion criteria: 1) non-English speaking patients and 2) patients in state custody. Simultaneous tracings were obtained for SpO2 and ECG with concurrent standard pulse oximeter and 12-lead ECG. AW6 automated rhythm interpretations were compared to physician over-read and categorized as accurate, accurate with missed findings, inconclusive (automated interpretation: "inconclusive"), or inaccurate. Results: A total of 84 patients were enrolled over a 5-week period. 68 patients (81%) were placed into the SpO2 and ECG arm, with 16 patients (19%) placed into the SpO2 only arm. Pulse oximetry data was successfully collected in 71/84 (85%) patients and ECG data in 61/68 (90%). ΔSpO2 between modalities was 2.0±2.6% (r = 0.76). ΔRR was 43±44msec (r = 0.96), ΔPR 19±23msec (r = 0.79), ΔQRS 12±13msec (r = 0.78), and ΔQT 20±19msec (r = 0.9). The AW6 automated rhythm analysis yielded a 75% specificity and found: 1) 40/61 (65.6%) "accurate", 2) 6/61 (9.8%) "accurate with missed findings", 3) 14/61 (23%) "inconclusive", and 4) 1/61 (1.6%) incorrect. Conclusion: The AW6 can accurately measure oxygen saturation when compared to hospital pulse oximeters in pediatric patients and provide good quality single lead ECGs that allow for accurate measurement of RR, PR, QRS, and QT intervals with manual interpretation. The AW6-automated rhythm interpretation algorithm has limitations for smaller pediatric patients and patients with abnormal ECGs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3170
ISSN (online)	2767-3170
DOI	10.1371/journal.pdig.0000051
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Article: A Single-center Experience Comparing First- Versus Second-generation Insertable Cardiac Monitors in Pediatric Patients.

Miller, Nathan / Roelle, Lisa / Lorimer, Dean / Dalal, Aarti S / Orr, William B / Van Hare, George F / Avari Silva, Jennifer N

The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management

2022 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 5048–5056

Abstract: Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) have undergone advancements in size and functionality over the past decade, resulting in the introduction of small, easily insertable devices capable of long-term remote monitoring. We define first-generation ICMs as ... ...

Abstract	Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) have undergone advancements in size and functionality over the past decade, resulting in the introduction of small, easily insertable devices capable of long-term remote monitoring. We define first-generation ICMs as implantable cardiac monitoring devices that require an incision and surgical creation of a subcutaneous pocket and second-generation ICMs as devices implanted using a custom-made tool for subcutaneous insertion, respectively. The aim of this study was to understand the differences between first- and second-generation pediatric ICM implants, implant indications, and time to diagnosis. We performed a retrospective, single-center chart review of patients who underwent ICM implantation from 2009-2019, spanning a 5-year course of first-generation ICM implantations and 5-year course of second-generation ICM implantations. Demographic data, past medical history, implant indication, and time to diagnosis were obtained. A total of 208 patients were identified over the 10-year time period, including 38 (18%) who underwent implantation with a first-generation device and 170 (82%) who underwent implantation with a second-generation device. Implant indications for first-generation ICMs included syncope (71%), palpitations (16%), inherited arrhythmia syndrome (IAS) management (5%), and premature ventricular contractions/ventricular tachycardia (VT) (8%); implant indications for second-generation ICMs included syncope (48%), palpitations (19%), IAS management (40%), premature ventricular contractions/VT (11%), atrial fibrillation (2%), tachycardia (3%), and heart block (0.5%). The average time to diagnosis was 38 weeks for patients with first-generation devices and 55 weeks for those with second-generation devices. With innovations in ICM technologies, there are expanding indications for ICM implantation in pediatric patients for long-term monitoring, specifically regarding the management of IAS patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2156-3977
ISSN	2156-3977
DOI	10.19102/icrm.2022.130605
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