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  1. Article: Pediatric functional neurologic symptoms.

    Grattan-Smith, P J / Dale, R C

    Handbook of clinical neurology

    2016  Volume 139, Page(s) 489–498

    Abstract: Functional neurologic disorders (FND) of children have many similarities to those of adults, and there is a potential to learn much from the study of FND in children. In this chapter we discuss multiple aspects of pediatric FND. These include their ... ...

    Abstract Functional neurologic disorders (FND) of children have many similarities to those of adults, and there is a potential to learn much from the study of FND in children. In this chapter we discuss multiple aspects of pediatric FND. These include their frequency, historic features, the diagnosis, and controversies over the nature of FND and the "correct" name that should be used. We also discuss methods of informing the child and family of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. FND of children typically affect girls in the 10-14-years age range. The presentation is often polysymptomatic, with pain and lethargy accompanying loss of motor function. A common situation is a perfectionistic child who has taken on too much in her academic, sporting, cultural, and social life. Some children respond readily to treatment, but others have a prolonged illness.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Conversion Disorder ; Female ; Humans ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 0072-9752
    ISSN 0072-9752
    DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00040-0
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  2. Article ; Online: Investigation of suspected Guillain-Barre syndrome in childhood: what is the role for gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the spine?

    Smith, Nicholas / Pereira, John / Grattan-Smith, Padraic

    Journal of paediatrics and child health

    2014  Volume 50, Issue 10, Page(s) E72–6

    Abstract: Aim: To review the role of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in the diagnosis of paediatric Guillain-Barre syndrome and compare it with nerve conduction studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.: Methods: A retrospective ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To review the role of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in the diagnosis of paediatric Guillain-Barre syndrome and compare it with nerve conduction studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
    Methods: A retrospective review of investigations undertaken in children admitted to our institution with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome over a 10-year period was performed.
    Results: Seven of eight children (88%) displayed post-gadolinium nerve root enhancement consistent with Guillain-Barre syndrome. This compared with supportive nerve conduction studies in 21/24 children (88%) and cerebrospinal fluid protein analysis consistent with the diagnosis in 16/20 children (80%).
    Conclusion: Nerve conduction studies are the recognised 'gold standard' technique for confirming a clinical diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome. In this study, a high positive rate was demonstrated. While more experience is necessary, this study and the literature support gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the spine as a valuable, although not necessarily superior, investigation in the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome. It may be of particular benefit when specialist neurophysiology expertise is unavailable.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gadolinium ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/cerebrospinal fluid ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Neural Conduction/physiology ; Neurologic Examination/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spine/pathology
    Chemical Substances Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1024476-1
    ISSN 1440-1754 ; 1034-4810
    ISSN (online) 1440-1754
    ISSN 1034-4810
    DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01802.x
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  3. Article ; Online: Accuracy of subjective vesicoureteral reflux timing assessment: supporting new voiding cystourethrogram guidelines.

    Ji, Dabin / Ridley, Derrick E / Grattan-Smith, J Damien / Williams, Joseph P / Arlen, Angela M / Kirsch, Andrew J / McCracken, Courtney M / Cooper, Christopher S / Durrence, Wesley W / Lightfoot, Michelle A / Garcia-Roig, Michael L

    Pediatric radiology

    2020  Volume 50, Issue 7, Page(s) 953–957

    Abstract: Background: Bladder volume at the onset of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is an important prognostic indicator of spontaneous resolution and the risk of pyelonephritis.: Objective: We aim to determine whether pediatric urologists and pediatric ... ...

    Abstract Background: Bladder volume at the onset of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is an important prognostic indicator of spontaneous resolution and the risk of pyelonephritis.
    Objective: We aim to determine whether pediatric urologists and pediatric radiologists can accurately estimate the timing of reflux by examining voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) images without prior knowledge of the instilled contrast volume.
    Materials and methods: Total bladder volume and the volume at the time of reflux were collected from VCUG reports to determine the volume at the onset of VUR. Thirty-nine patients were sorted into three groups: early-/mid-filling reflux, late-filling and voiding only. Thirty-nine images were shown to three pediatric urologists and two pediatric radiologists in a blinded fashion and they were then asked to estimate VUR timing based on the above categories. A weighted kappa statistic was calculated to assess rater agreement with the gold standard volume-based report of VUR timing.
    Results: The mean patient age at VCUG was 3.1±2.9 months, the median VUR was grade 3, and 20 patients were female. Overall agreement among all five raters was moderate (k=0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.50). Individual agreement between rater and gold standard was slight to moderate with kappa values ranging from 0.13 to 0.43.
    Conclusion: Pediatric radiologists and urologists are unable to accurately and reliably characterize VUR timing on fluoroscopic VCUG. These findings support the recently published American Academy of Pediatrics protocol recommending the routine recording of bladder volume at the onset of VUR as a standard component of all VCUGs to assist in a more accurate assessment of the likelihood of resolution and risk of recurrent urinary tract infections.
    MeSH term(s) Diagnostic Techniques, Urological ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urination ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/diagnostic imaging ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-020-04637-w
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  4. Article ; Online: Response to Zhang et al.

    Smith, Nicholas Jc / Pereira, John / Grattan-Smith, Padraic

    Journal of paediatrics and child health

    2011  Volume 47, Issue 12, Page(s) 928

    MeSH term(s) Guillain-Barre Syndrome/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-12
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1024476-1
    ISSN 1440-1754 ; 1034-4810
    ISSN (online) 1440-1754
    ISSN 1034-4810
    DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02386.x
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  5. Article ; Online: Psychiatric comorbidity is common in dystonia and other movement disorders.

    Lorentzos, Michelle S / Heyman, Isobel / Baig, Benjamin J / Coughtrey, Anna E / McWilliams, Andrew / Dossetor, David R / Waugh, Mary-Clare / Evans, Ruth A / Hollywood, Josie / Burns, Joshua / Menezes, Manoj P / Mohammad, Shekeeb S / Grattan-Smith, Padraig / Gorman, Kathleen M / Crowe, Belinda H A / Goodman, Robert / Kurian, Manju A / Dale, Russell C

    Archives of disease in childhood

    2020  Volume 106, Issue 1, Page(s) 62–67

    Abstract: ... tic MD cohort was greater than the emergency control group (18%, p<0.0001) and the community cohort (9 ... 5%, p<0.00001), but not the neurology controls (29.7%, p=0.31). Almost half of the patients ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine rates of psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical sample of childhood movement disorders (MDs).
    Design: Cohort study.
    Setting: Tertiary children's hospital MD clinics in Sydney, Australia and London, UK.
    Patients: Cases were children with tic MDs (n=158) and non-tic MDs (n=102), including 66 children with dystonia. Comparison was made with emergency department controls (n=100), neurology controls with peripheral neuropathy or epilepsy (n=37), and community controls (n=10 438).
    Interventions: On-line development and well-being assessment which was additionally clinically rated by experienced child psychiatrists.
    Main outcome measures: Diagnostic schedule and manual of mental disorders-5 criteria for psychiatric diagnoses.
    Results: Psychiatric comorbidity in the non-tic MD cohort (39.2%) was comparable to the tic cohort (41.8%) (not significant). Psychiatric comorbidity in the non-tic MD cohort was greater than the emergency control group (18%, p<0.0001) and the community cohort (9.5%, p<0.00001), but not the neurology controls (29.7%, p=0.31). Almost half of the patients within the tic cohort with psychiatric comorbidity were receiving medical psychiatric treatment (45.5%) or psychology interventions (43.9%), compared with only 22.5% and 15.0%, respectively, of the non-tic MD cohort with psychiatric comorbidity.
    Conclusions: Psychiatric comorbidity is common in non-tic MDs such as dystonia. These psychiatric comorbidities appear to be under-recognised and undertreated.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Dystonia/psychology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Movement Disorders/psychology ; Psychometrics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 524-1
    ISSN 1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    ISSN (online) 1468-2044
    ISSN 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319541
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  6. Article ; Online: Magnetic resonance urography for diagnosis of pediatric ureteral stricture.

    Arlen, Angela M / Kirsch, Andrew J / Cuda, Scott P / Little, Stephen B / Jones, Richard A / Grattan-Smith, J Damien / Cerwinka, Wolfgang H

    Journal of pediatric urology

    2014  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 792–798

    Abstract: Purpose: Ureteral stricture is a rare cause of hydronephrosis in children and is often misdiagnosed on ultrasound (US) and diuretic renal scintigraphy (DRS), requiring intraoperative diagnosis. We evaluated ureteral strictures diagnosed by magnetic ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Ureteral stricture is a rare cause of hydronephrosis in children and is often misdiagnosed on ultrasound (US) and diuretic renal scintigraphy (DRS), requiring intraoperative diagnosis. We evaluated ureteral strictures diagnosed by magnetic resonance urography (MRU) at our institution.
    Materials and methods: Children with ureteral stricture who underwent MRU were identified. Patient demographics, prior imaging, MRU findings, and management were assessed. The efficacy of MRU in diagnosis of stricture was compared with US and DRS. Patients with ureteropelvic or ureterovesical junction obstruction were excluded.
    Results: Twenty-eight ureteral strictures diagnosed by MRU between 2003 and 2013 were identified; 22% of strictures were diagnosed by DRS ± US. The mean age at MRU diagnosis was 2.4 years (range 4 weeks-15 years). Hydronephrosis was the most common presentation, accounting for 20 (71%) cases. Other etiologies included pain (3), incontinence (2), and urinary tract infection, cystic kidney, and absent kidney, present in one case each. A mean of 2.7 imaging studies was obtained prior to MRU diagnosis. Twenty-one (75%) ureteral strictures required surgical intervention, with the approach dependent upon location.
    Conclusions: MRU provides excellent anatomic and functional detail of the collecting system, leading to accurate diagnosis and management of ureteral stricture in children.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Constriction, Pathologic/complications ; Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis ; Constriction, Pathologic/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/diagnosis ; Hydronephrosis/etiology ; Hydronephrosis/therapy ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureteral Obstruction/complications ; Ureteral Obstruction/diagnosis ; Ureteral Obstruction/surgery ; Urinary Diversion ; Urography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2237683-5
    ISSN 1873-4898 ; 1477-5131
    ISSN (online) 1873-4898
    ISSN 1477-5131
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.01.004
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  7. Article ; Online: Paroxysmal dyskinesias with drowsiness and thalamic lesions in GABA transaminase deficiency.

    Morales-Briceño, Hugo / Chang, Florence C F / Wong, Chong / Mallawaarachchi, Amali / Wolfe, Nigel / Pellegrino da Silva, Renata / Hakonarson, Hakon / Sandaradura, Sarah Annabella / Guo, Yiran / Christodoulou, John / Lagopoulos, Jim / Grattan-Smith, Padraic / Fung, Victor S C

    Neurology

    2019  Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 94–97

    MeSH term(s) 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase/deficiency ; Adult ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology ; Chorea/diagnostic imaging ; Chorea/etiology ; Drowning/diagnostic imaging ; Drowning/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Thalamus/diagnostic imaging ; Thalamus/pathology
    Chemical Substances 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006744
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  8. Article: Age dependence of the renal apparent diffusion coefficient in children.

    Jones, Richard A / Grattan-Smith, J Damien

    Pediatric radiology

    2003  Volume 33, Issue 12, Page(s) 850–854

    Abstract: ... a power function, specifically 1349+[358.5*[age 0.34]], ( P<0.001).: Conclusion: The renal ADC changes ...

    Abstract Background: Diffusion imaging has proved to be a powerful tool for diagnosing ischemic lesions in the brain, and the technique is now being applied to other organs, including the kidneys. For quantitative studies it is important to define the normal values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), given the important physiological changes that occur in the kidney during early childhood it is likely that the ADC changes markedly during this period. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the age dependent changes in the ADC of normal kidneys in the pediatric population.
    Materials and methods: The whole kidney ADC was calculated for 62 pediatric patients on a 1.5-T system using a respiratory-triggered, single-shot diffusion tensor imaging sequence with b values of 50, 200, and 350 mm(2)/s. RESULTS. The ADC was found to increase with age with the largest increase being in the first year of life, the rate of change being described by a constant plus a power function, specifically 1349+[358.5*[age 0.34]], ( P<0.001).
    Conclusion: The renal ADC changes significantly during childhood.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney/anatomy & histology ; Kidney/physiology ; Kidney Diseases/diagnosis ; Male ; Pyelonephritis/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-12
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-003-0982-x
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  9. Article ; Online: GNAO1-related movement disorder with life-threatening exacerbations: movement phenomenology and response to DBS.

    Waak, Michaela / Mohammad, Shekeeb S / Coman, David / Sinclair, Kate / Copeland, Lisa / Silburn, Peter / Coyne, Terry / McGill, Jim / O'Regan, Mary / Selway, Richard / Symonds, Joseph / Grattan-Smith, Padraic / Lin, Jean-Pierre / Dale, Russell C / Malone, Stephen

    Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry

    2017  Volume 89, Issue 2, Page(s) 221–222

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Disease Progression ; Female ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Movement Disorders/genetics ; Movement Disorders/physiopathology ; Movement Disorders/therapy
    Chemical Substances GNAO1 protein, human ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go (EC 3.6.5.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 3087-9
    ISSN 1468-330X ; 0022-3050
    ISSN (online) 1468-330X
    ISSN 0022-3050
    DOI 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315653
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  10. Article: Sydenham's chorea: a resurgence in the 1990s?

    Ryan, M / Antony, J H / Grattan-Smith, P J

    Journal of paediatrics and child health

    2000  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 95–96

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Australia/epidemiology ; Child ; Chorea/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rheumatic Fever/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-02
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1024476-1
    ISSN 1440-1754 ; 1034-4810
    ISSN (online) 1440-1754
    ISSN 1034-4810
    DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2000.0462b.x
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