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  1. Article ; Online: Is it ethical to use Mechanical Turk for behavioral research? Relevant data from a representative survey of MTurk participants and wages.

    Moss, Aaron J / Rosenzweig, Cheskie / Robinson, Jonathan / Jaffe, Shalom N / Litman, Leib

    Behavior research methods

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 8, Page(s) 4048–4067

    Abstract: To understand human behavior, social scientists need people and data. In the last decade, Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) emerged as a flexible, affordable, and reliable source of human participants and was widely adopted by academics. Yet despite MTurk' ...

    Abstract To understand human behavior, social scientists need people and data. In the last decade, Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) emerged as a flexible, affordable, and reliable source of human participants and was widely adopted by academics. Yet despite MTurk's utility, some have questioned whether researchers should continue using the platform on ethical grounds. The brunt of their concern is that people on MTurk are financially insecure, subject to abuse, and earn inhumane wages. We investigated these issues with two representative probability surveys of the U.S. MTurk population (N = 4094). The surveys revealed: (1) the financial situation of people on MTurk mirrors the general population, (2) most participants do not find MTurk stressful or requesters abusive, and (3) MTurk offers flexibility and benefits that most people value above other options for work. People reported it is possible to earn more than $10 per hour and said they would not trade the flexibility of MTurk for less than $25 per hour. Altogether, our data are important for assessing whether MTurk is an ethical place for research.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Crowdsourcing ; Behavioral Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 231560-9
    ISSN 1554-3528 ; 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
    ISSN (online) 1554-3528
    ISSN 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
    DOI 10.3758/s13428-022-02005-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Did people really drink bleach to prevent COVID-19? A guide for protecting survey data against problematic respondents.

    Litman, Leib / Rosen, Zohn / Hartman, Rachel / Rosenzweig, Cheskie / Weinberger-Litman, Sarah L / Moss, Aaron J / Robinson, Jonathan

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0287837

    Abstract: Survey respondents who are non-attentive, respond randomly, or misrepresent who they are can impact the outcomes of surveys. Prior findings reported by the CDC have suggested that people engaged in highly dangerous cleaning practices during the COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Survey respondents who are non-attentive, respond randomly, or misrepresent who they are can impact the outcomes of surveys. Prior findings reported by the CDC have suggested that people engaged in highly dangerous cleaning practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, including ingesting household cleaners such as bleach. In our attempts to replicate the CDC's results, we found that 100% of reported ingestion of household cleaners are made by problematic respondents. Once inattentive, acquiescent, and careless respondents are removed from the sample, we find no evidence that people ingested cleaning products to prevent a COVID-19 infection. These findings have important implications for public health and medical survey research, as well as for best practices for avoiding problematic respondents in all survey research conducted online.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Public Health ; Hypochlorous Acid ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Chemical Substances Hypochlorous Acid (712K4CDC10)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0287837
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Demographic Stability on Mechanical Turk Despite COVID-19.

    Moss, Aaron J / Rosenzweig, Cheskie / Robinson, Jonathan / Litman, Leib

    Trends in cognitive sciences

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 678–680

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Crowdsourcing ; Demography ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2010989-1
    ISSN 1879-307X ; 1364-6613
    ISSN (online) 1879-307X
    ISSN 1364-6613
    DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluating CloudResearch's Approved Group as a solution for problematic data quality on MTurk.

    Hauser, David J / Moss, Aaron J / Rosenzweig, Cheskie / Jaffe, Shalom N / Robinson, Jonathan / Litman, Leib

    Behavior research methods

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 8, Page(s) 3953–3964

    Abstract: Maintaining data quality on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has always been a concern for researchers. These concerns have grown recently due to the bot crisis of 2018 and observations that past safeguards of data quality (e.g., approval ratings of 95%) ... ...

    Abstract Maintaining data quality on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has always been a concern for researchers. These concerns have grown recently due to the bot crisis of 2018 and observations that past safeguards of data quality (e.g., approval ratings of 95%) no longer work. To address data quality concerns, CloudResearch, a third-party website that interfaces with MTurk, has assessed ~165,000 MTurkers and categorized them into those that provide high- (~100,000, Approved) and low- (~65,000, Blocked) quality data. Here, we examined the predictive validity of CloudResearch's vetting. In a pre-registered study, participants (N = 900) from the Approved and Blocked groups, along with a Standard MTurk sample (95% HIT acceptance ratio, 100+ completed HITs), completed an array of data-quality measures. Across several indices, Approved participants (i) identified the content of images more accurately, (ii) answered more reading comprehension questions correctly, (iii) responded to reversed coded items more consistently, (iv) passed a greater number of attention checks, (v) self-reported less cheating and actually left the survey window less often on easily Googleable questions, (vi) replicated classic psychology experimental effects more reliably, and (vii) answered AI-stumping questions more accurately than Blocked participants, who performed at chance on multiple outcomes. Data quality of the Standard sample was generally in between the Approved and Blocked groups. We discuss how MTurk's Approval Rating system is no longer an effective data-quality control, and we discuss the advantages afforded by using the Approved group for scientific studies on MTurk.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Data Accuracy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Attention ; Crowdsourcing/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 231560-9
    ISSN 1554-3528 ; 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
    ISSN (online) 1554-3528
    ISSN 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
    DOI 10.3758/s13428-022-01999-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  5. Article ; Online: Did people really drink bleach to prevent COVID-19? A guide for protecting survey data against problematic respondents.

    Leib Litman / Zohn Rosen / Rachel Hartman / Cheskie Rosenzweig / Sarah L Weinberger-Litman / Aaron J Moss / Jonathan Robinson

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 7, p e

    2023  Volume 0287837

    Abstract: Survey respondents who are non-attentive, respond randomly, or misrepresent who they are can impact the outcomes of surveys. Prior findings reported by the CDC have suggested that people engaged in highly dangerous cleaning practices during the COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Survey respondents who are non-attentive, respond randomly, or misrepresent who they are can impact the outcomes of surveys. Prior findings reported by the CDC have suggested that people engaged in highly dangerous cleaning practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, including ingesting household cleaners such as bleach. In our attempts to replicate the CDC's results, we found that 100% of reported ingestion of household cleaners are made by problematic respondents. Once inattentive, acquiescent, and careless respondents are removed from the sample, we find no evidence that people ingested cleaning products to prevent a COVID-19 infection. These findings have important implications for public health and medical survey research, as well as for best practices for avoiding problematic respondents in all survey research conducted online.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Protease supplementation reduced the heat increment of feed and improved energy and nitrogen partitioning in broilers fed maize-based diets with supplemental phytase and xylanase.

    McCafferty, Klint W / Choct, Mingan / Musigwa, Sosthene / Morgan, Natalie K / Cowieson, Aaron J / Moss, Amy F

    Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 19–25

    Abstract: An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid (dAA) concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in broilers. Ross 308 male broilers ( ...

    Abstract An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid (dAA) concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in broilers. Ross 308 male broilers (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-21
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2405-6383
    ISSN (online) 2405-6383
    DOI 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Sensing in a noisy world: lessons from auditory specialists, echolocating bats.

    Corcoran, Aaron J / Moss, Cynthia F

    The Journal of experimental biology

    2017  Volume 220, Issue Pt 24, Page(s) 4554–4566

    Abstract: All animals face the essential task of extracting biologically meaningful sensory information from the 'noisy' backdrop of their environments. Here, we examine mechanisms used by echolocating bats to localize objects, track small prey and communicate in ... ...

    Abstract All animals face the essential task of extracting biologically meaningful sensory information from the 'noisy' backdrop of their environments. Here, we examine mechanisms used by echolocating bats to localize objects, track small prey and communicate in complex and noisy acoustic environments. Bats actively control and coordinate both the emission and reception of sound stimuli through integrated sensory and motor mechanisms that have evolved together over tens of millions of years. We discuss how bats behave in different ecological scenarios, including detecting and discriminating target echoes from background objects, minimizing acoustic interference from competing conspecifics and overcoming insect noise. Bats tackle these problems by deploying a remarkable array of auditory behaviors, sometimes in combination with the use of other senses. Behavioral strategies such as ceasing sonar call production and active jamming of the signals of competitors provide further insight into the capabilities and limitations of echolocation. We relate these findings to the broader topic of how animals extract relevant sensory information in noisy environments. While bats have highly refined abilities for operating under noisy conditions, they face the same challenges encountered by many other species. We propose that the specialized sensory mechanisms identified in bats are likely to occur in analogous systems across the animal kingdom.
    MeSH term(s) Acoustic Stimulation ; Acoustics ; Animals ; Auditory Perception ; Chiroptera/physiology ; Echolocation/physiology ; Environment ; Noise ; Visual Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218085-6
    ISSN 1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
    ISSN (online) 1477-9145
    ISSN 0022-0949
    DOI 10.1242/jeb.163063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 2629: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  8. Article: Pediatric Rapid Response Nurse Deployment to Pediatric Trauma Activations: A Process Improvement Initiative.

    Moss, Lori N / Cunningham, Aaron J / Tobias, Joseph / Hamilton, Nick / Jafri, Mubeen

    Journal of trauma nursing : the official journal of the Society of Trauma Nurses

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 209–212

    Abstract: Background: Prolonged emergency department length of stay in trauma patients is associated with increased hospital length of stay and inhospital mortality. This problem is compounded in pediatric patients, as injured children have less physiologic ... ...

    Abstract Background: Prolonged emergency department length of stay in trauma patients is associated with increased hospital length of stay and inhospital mortality. This problem is compounded in pediatric patients, as injured children have less physiologic reserve and may exhibit only subtle warning signs before decompensation.
    Objective: To determine the impact of deploying pediatric rapid response nurses to full trauma activations for patients transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit on emergency department length of stay.
    Methods: This is a before-and-after analysis of a quality improvement initiative deploying pediatric rapid response nurses to full trauma activations. Trauma registry data collected from January 2016 to August 2020 were statistically analyzed. Demographic and outcome variables were assessed by unpaired t test and χ2 analysis.
    Results: A total of 94 patients met inclusion criteria as full activations admitted to the intensive care unit during the study period. The preimplementation group (n = 60) was 88% (n = 53) male, with a median age of 6.9 years and a median Injury Severity Score of 21. The postimplementation group (n = 34) was 62% (n = 21) male, with a median age of 5.6 years and a median Injury Severity Score of 17. The emergency department length of stay decreased from median (interquartile range) 48.5 (36.0-84.75) min (preimplementation) to 36.5 (27.5-55.5) min (postimplementation; p = .019).
    Conclusion: Deployment of pediatric rapid response nurses to full trauma activations facilitates the assessment and transfer of pediatric trauma to the intensive care unit and decreases emergency department length of stay.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Trauma Centers ; Wounds and Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1281159-2
    ISSN 1078-7496
    ISSN 1078-7496
    DOI 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000585
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 4339: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: Do you know the Wooly Bully? Testing era-based knowledge to verify participant age online.

    Hartman, Rachel / Moss, Aaron J / Rabinowitz, Israel / Bahn, Nathaniel / Rosenzweig, Cheskie / Robinson, Jonathan / Litman, Leib

    Behavior research methods

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 7, Page(s) 3313–3325

    Abstract: People in online studies sometimes misrepresent themselves. Regardless of their motive for doing so, participant misrepresentation threatens the validity of research. Here, we propose and evaluate a way to verify the age of online respondents: a test of ... ...

    Abstract People in online studies sometimes misrepresent themselves. Regardless of their motive for doing so, participant misrepresentation threatens the validity of research. Here, we propose and evaluate a way to verify the age of online respondents: a test of era-based knowledge. Across six studies (N = 1543), participants of various ages completed an age verification instrument. The instrument assessed familiarity with cultural phenomena (e.g., songs and TV shows) from decades past and present. We consistently found that our instrument discriminated between people of different ages. In Studies 1a and 1b, self-reported age correlated strongly with performance on the instrument (mean r = .8). In Study 2, the instrument reliably detected imposters who we knew were misrepresenting their age. For impostors, self-reported age did not correlate with performance on the instrument (r = .077). Finally, in Studies 3a, 3b, and 3c, the instrument remained robust with African Americans, people from low educational backgrounds, and recent immigrants to the United States. Thus, our instrument shows promise for verifying the age of online respondents, and, as we discuss, our approach of assessing "insider knowledge" holds great promise for verifying other identities within online studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Internet ; Self Report ; Knowledge ; Age Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 231560-9
    ISSN 1554-3528 ; 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
    ISSN (online) 1554-3528
    ISSN 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
    DOI 10.3758/s13428-022-01944-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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