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Article ; Online: Human Milk Fortification: A Practical Analysis of Current Evidence.

Bergner, Erynn M / Taylor, Sarah N / Gollins, Laura A / Hair, Amy B

2022 Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) 447–460

Abstract: Human milk (HM) with appropriate fortification is the recommended nutrition for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Fortification provides additional nutrients, vitamins, and minerals to support the growing preterm infant during critical periods of ... ...

Abstract	Human milk (HM) with appropriate fortification is the recommended nutrition for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Fortification provides additional nutrients, vitamins, and minerals to support the growing preterm infant during critical periods of development. This article discusses the variability of HM including differences between maternal and pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), fortification of HM through the use of single- and multi-nutrient fortifiers, and clinical controversies including the timing of fortification, volume of feedings, and future innovations in HM fortification.
MeSH term(s)	Food, Fortified ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Milk, Human ; Nutrients
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	193116-7
ISSN	1557-9840 ; 0095-5108
ISSN (online)	1557-9840
ISSN	0095-5108
DOI	10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.010
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Article ; Online: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile:

Kuhn, Jens H / Babaian, Artem / Bergner, Laura M / Dény, Paul / Glebe, Dieter / Horie, Masayuki / Koonin, Eugene V / Krupovic, Mart / Paraskevopoulou, Sofia / de la Peña, Marcos / Smura, Teemu / Hepojoki, Jussi

The Journal of general virology

2024 Volume 105, Issue 2

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Kolmioviridae
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Helper Viruses ; Viroids ; Biological Evolution ; Negative-Sense RNA Viruses ; RNA Polymerase II ; Mammals
Chemical Substances	RNA Polymerase II (EC 2.7.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	219316-4
ISSN	1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
ISSN (online)	1465-2099
ISSN	0022-1317
DOI	10.1099/jgv.0.001963
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Article ; Online: Complete Genome Sequence of an Alphacoronavirus from Common Vampire Bats in Peru.

Bergner, Laura M / Orton, Richard J / Streicker, Daniel G

Microbiology resource announcements

2020 Volume 9, Issue 34

Abstract: Bats host diverse coronaviruses, including taxa capable of pandemic spread in humans. We report the genome of an alphacoronavirus from a neotropical bat species ( ...

Abstract	Bats host diverse coronaviruses, including taxa capable of pandemic spread in humans. We report the genome of an alphacoronavirus from a neotropical bat species (
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2576-098X
ISSN (online)	2576-098X
DOI	10.1128/MRA.00742-20
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Article: Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the saliva of diverse neotropical bats

Bergner, Laura M / Becker, Daniel J / Tello, Carlos / Carrera, Jorge E / Streicker, Daniel G

Zoonoses and public health. 2021 May, v. 68, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Trypanosoma cruzi is widely reported in bats, yet transmission routes remain unclear. We present evidence from metagenomic sequence data that T. cruzi occurs in the saliva of diverse Neotropical bats. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the bat‐ ... ...

Abstract	Trypanosoma cruzi is widely reported in bats, yet transmission routes remain unclear. We present evidence from metagenomic sequence data that T. cruzi occurs in the saliva of diverse Neotropical bats. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the bat‐associated T. cruzi sequences described here formed part of a bat‐specific clade, suggesting an independent transmission cycle. Our results highlight the value in repurposing metagenomic data generated for viral discovery to reveal insights into the biology of other parasites. Evaluating whether the presence of T. cruzi in the saliva of two hematophagous bat species represents an ecological route for zoonotic transmission of Chagas disease is an interesting avenue for future research.
Keywords	Chagas disease ; Chiroptera ; Neotropics ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; metagenomics ; phylogeny ; public health ; saliva ; zoonoses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Size	p. 271-276.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.12808
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the saliva of diverse neotropical bats.

Bergner, Laura M / Becker, Daniel J / Tello, Carlos / Carrera, Jorge E / Streicker, Daniel G

Zoonoses and public health

2021 Volume 68, Issue 3, Page(s) 271–276

Abstract	Trypanosoma cruzi is widely reported in bats, yet transmission routes remain unclear. We present evidence from metagenomic sequence data that T. cruzi occurs in the saliva of diverse Neotropical bats. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the bat-associated T. cruzi sequences described here formed part of a bat-specific clade, suggesting an independent transmission cycle. Our results highlight the value in repurposing metagenomic data generated for viral discovery to reveal insights into the biology of other parasites. Evaluating whether the presence of T. cruzi in the saliva of two hematophagous bat species represents an ecological route for zoonotic transmission of Chagas disease is an interesting avenue for future research.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chiroptera/virology ; Peru ; Phylogeny ; Saliva/virology ; Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics ; Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.12808
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Article ; Online: Characterizing and Evaluating the Zoonotic Potential of Novel Viruses Discovered in Vampire Bats.

Bergner, Laura M / Mollentze, Nardus / Orton, Richard J / Tello, Carlos / Broos, Alice / Biek, Roman / Streicker, Daniel G

Viruses

2021 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: The contemporary surge in metagenomic sequencing has transformed knowledge of viral diversity in wildlife. However, evaluating which newly discovered viruses pose sufficient risk of infecting humans to merit detailed laboratory characterization and ... ...

Abstract	The contemporary surge in metagenomic sequencing has transformed knowledge of viral diversity in wildlife. However, evaluating which newly discovered viruses pose sufficient risk of infecting humans to merit detailed laboratory characterization and surveillance remains largely speculative. Machine learning algorithms have been developed to address this imbalance by ranking the relative likelihood of human infection based on viral genome sequences, but are not yet routinely applied to viruses at the time of their discovery. Here, we characterized viral genomes detected through metagenomic sequencing of feces and saliva from common vampire bats (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chiroptera/virology ; Disease Reservoirs/veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs/virology ; Feces/virology ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Metagenomics ; Phylogeny ; Rabies virus/classification ; Rabies virus/genetics ; Rabies virus/isolation & purification ; Saliva/virology ; Viruses/classification ; Viruses/genetics ; Viruses/isolation & purification ; Zoonoses/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13020252
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Article: Characteristics and neighborhood-level opportunity of assault-injured children in Milwaukee.

Georgeades, Christina / Farazi, Manzur / Bergner, Carisa / Bowder, Alexis / Cassidy, Laura / Levas, Michael N / Nimmer, Mark / Flynn-O'Brien, Katherine T

Injury epidemiology

2023 Volume 10, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 43

Abstract: Background: Multiple studies have explored demographic characteristics and social determinants of health in relation to the risk of pediatric assault-related injuries and reinjury. However, few have explored protective factors. The Child Opportunity ... ...

Abstract	Background: Multiple studies have explored demographic characteristics and social determinants of health in relation to the risk of pediatric assault-related injuries and reinjury. However, few have explored protective factors. The Child Opportunity Index (COI) uses neighborhood-level indicators to measure 'opportunity' based on factors such as education, social environment, and economic resources. We hypothesized that higher 'opportunity' would be associated with less risk of reinjury in assault-injured youth. Methods: This was a single-institution, retrospective study at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center. Trauma registry and electronic medical record data were queried for children ≤ 18 years old with assault-related injuries from 1/1/2016 to 5/31/2021. Reinjured children, defined as any child who sustained more than one assault injury, were compared to non-reinjured children. Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a marker of socioeconomic status, and COI were determined through census block and tract data, respectively. A post-hoc analysis examined COI between all assault-injured children, unintentionally injured children, and a state-based normative cohort representative of non-injured children. Results: There were 55,862 traumatic injury encounters during the study period. Of those, 1224 (2.3%) assault injured children were identified, with 52 (4.2%) reinjured children and 1172 (95.8%) non-reinjured children. Reinjured children were significantly more likely to be older (median age 15.0 [IQR 13.8-17.0] vs. median age 14.0 [IQR 8.8-16.0], p < 0.001) and female (55.8% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.01) than non-reinjured children. COI was not associated with reinjury. There were also no significant differences in race, ethnicity, insurance status, ADI, or mechanism and severity of injury between cohorts. Post-hoc analysis revealed that assault-injured children were more likely to live in areas of lower COI than the other cohorts. Conclusions: Compared to children who sustained only one assault during the study period, children who experienced more than one assault were more likely to be older and female. Furthermore, living in an area with more or less opportunity did not influence the risk of reinjury. However, all assault-injured children were more likely to live in areas of lower COI compared to unintentionally injured and a state-based normative cohort. Identification of factors on a social or environmental level that leads to assaultive injury warrants further exploration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2764253-7
ISSN	2197-1714
ISSN	2197-1714
DOI	10.1186/s40621-023-00453-6
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Article ; Online: A report of the AGCPD task force to evaluate associations between select admissions requirements, demographics, and performance on ABGC certification examination.

Myers, Melanie F / Bergner, Amanda / Conway, Laura / Duquette, Debra / Durst, Andrea L / Yashar, Beverly M / Zhang, Xue / Campion, MaryAnn

Journal of genetic counseling

2021 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 302–315

Abstract: Graduation from a genetic counseling graduate program accredited by the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling and certification obtained by passing the American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC) certification examination are increasingly required ... ...

Abstract	Graduation from a genetic counseling graduate program accredited by the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling and certification obtained by passing the American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC) certification examination are increasingly required to practice as a genetic counselor in the USA. Despite the ABGC certification examination serving as a gateway to the genetic counseling career, there have been no research studies to date that have examined what variables are associated with examination performance. Therefore, the Association of Genetic Counseling Program Directors established a Task Force to assess whether trainee demographics, Grade point average (GPA) and Graduate Record Exam (GRE®) percentile scores are associated with passing the ABGC certification examination on the first attempt. We surveyed accredited genetic counseling graduate programs in North America and gathered demographic data, admissions variables, and certification examination outcome data for 1,494 trainees from 24 training programs, representing approximately 60.5% of matriculants between 2007 and 2016. Univariable analysis was performed to assess associations between admissions variables and categorical outcome (pass vs. fail) on the certification examination using Wilcoxon rank-sum or Fisher's exact test. Variables significantly associated with the categorical board outcome were then entered in a stepwise model selection procedure. In stepwise logistic regression, trainees with higher GPA (OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.99, 5.83), higher verbal (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.03) and quantitative (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.03) GRE® scores, female trainees (OR = 2.95; 95% CI = 1.70, 5.12), and White trainees (OR 3.37; 95% CI = 2.14, 5.30) had higher odds of passing the certification examination on the first attempt. As programs move to a holistic approach to graduate admissions in order to improve access to the genetic counseling profession, our results may influence programs to provide additional preparation for the certification examination for all trainees. In addition, genetic counseling professional organizations should continue to work together to assess and eliminate outcome disparities in admissions, training, and certification processes.
MeSH term(s)	Accreditation ; Certification ; Counselors ; Demography ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Humans ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1117799-8
ISSN	1573-3599 ; 1059-7700
ISSN (online)	1573-3599
ISSN	1059-7700
DOI	10.1002/jgc4.1537
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal deep sequencing informs vector selection and future deployment strategies for transmissible vaccines.

Griffiths, Megan E / Broos, Alice / Bergner, Laura M / Meza, Diana K / Suarez, Nicolas M / da Silva Filipe, Ana / Tello, Carlos / Becker, Daniel J / Streicker, Daniel G

PLoS biology

2022 Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) e3001580

Abstract: Vaccination is a powerful tool in combating infectious diseases of humans and companion animals. In most wildlife, including reservoirs of emerging human diseases, achieving sufficient vaccine coverage to mitigate disease burdens remains logistically ... ...

Abstract	Vaccination is a powerful tool in combating infectious diseases of humans and companion animals. In most wildlife, including reservoirs of emerging human diseases, achieving sufficient vaccine coverage to mitigate disease burdens remains logistically unattainable. Virally vectored "transmissible" vaccines that deliberately spread among hosts are a potentially transformative, but still theoretical, solution to the challenge of immunising inaccessible wildlife. Progress towards real-world application is frustrated by the absence of frameworks to guide vector selection and vaccine deployment prior to major in vitro and in vivo investments in vaccine engineering and testing. Here, we performed deep sequencing on field-collected samples of Desmodus rotundus betaherpesvirus (DrBHV), a candidate vector for a transmissible vaccine targeting vampire bat-transmitted rabies. We discovered 11 strains of DrBHV that varied in prevalence and geographic distribution across Peru. The phylogeographic structure of DrBHV strains was predictable from both host genetics and landscape topology, informing long-term DrBHV-vectored vaccine deployment strategies and identifying geographic areas for field trials where vaccine spread would be naturally contained. Multistrain infections were observed in 79% of infected bats. Resampling of marked individuals over 4 years showed within-host persistence kinetics characteristic of latency and reactivation, properties that might boost individual immunity and lead to sporadic vaccine transmission over the lifetime of the host. Further, strain acquisitions by already infected individuals implied that preexisting immunity and strain competition are unlikely to inhibit vaccine spread. Our results support the development of a transmissible vaccine targeting a major source of human and animal rabies in Latin America and show how genomics can enlighten vector selection and deployment strategies for transmissible vaccines.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chiroptera ; Disease Vectors ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Rabies/epidemiology ; Rabies/prevention & control ; Rabies/veterinary ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2126776-5
ISSN	1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
ISSN (online)	1545-7885
ISSN	1544-9173
DOI	10.1371/journal.pbio.3001580
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Article ; Online: Nutritional considerations in the care of conjoined twins.

Bergner, Erynn M / Gollins, Laura / Massieu, L Adriana / Hurst, Nancy / Hair, Amy B

Seminars in perinatology

2018 Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 355–360

Abstract: Conjoined twins represent an interesting nutritional challenge as nutrient delivery and absorption is greatly affected by anatomy and, therefore, unique to each twin pair. Nutritional support is essential to optimize growth and development in the ... ...

Abstract	Conjoined twins represent an interesting nutritional challenge as nutrient delivery and absorption is greatly affected by anatomy and, therefore, unique to each twin pair. Nutritional support is essential to optimize growth and development in the neonatal period; however, very little data exists on the topic in this population. Conjoined twins require individualized nutritional assessment that focuses on the interaction between the metabolic rate, nutrient uptake, and nutrient delivery of each twin in the dyad. This report describes one center's experience with monitoring growth, establishing nutrient requirements, and determining substrate utilization in three sets of conjoined twins.
MeSH term(s)	Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal/methods ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal/methods ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status ; Parenteral Nutrition/methods ; Twins, Conjoined/physiopathology ; Weight Gain/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	752403-1
ISSN	1558-075X ; 0146-0005
ISSN (online)	1558-075X
ISSN	0146-0005
DOI	10.1053/j.semperi.2018.07.018
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