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Article ; Online: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors of

Dessale, Mesfin / Mengistu, Getachew / Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1114223

Abstract: Background: Under five children are at risk of diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality. : Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at public health facilities in Debre Markos town using a consecutive convenient sampling technique. Data on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Under five children are at risk of diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at public health facilities in Debre Markos town using a consecutive convenient sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence of Conclusion: The prevalence of culture-confirmed
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Prevalence ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Shigella ; Salmonella ; Ampicillin ; Diarrhea ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination ; Health Facilities
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ampicillin (7C782967RD) ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination (74469-00-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1114223
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Article ; Online: The COVID-19 Severity and Its Association with Intestinal Parasite Coinfection and Urine Biochemical Parameters among COVID-19-Confirmed Patients Admitted to Debre Markos University COVID-19 Center, Northwest Ethiopia.

Toru, Milkiyas / Atnaf, Aytenew / Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie / Reta, Alemayehu

BioMed research international

2024 Volume 2024, Page(s) 3064374

Abstract: Background: Though most people with COVID-19 disease show asymptomatic to mild illness, a substantial number of patients are at high risk of developing severe disease and adverse outcomes with long COVID-19 and death. Even though some studies showed ... ...

Abstract	Background: Though most people with COVID-19 disease show asymptomatic to mild illness, a substantial number of patients are at high risk of developing severe disease and adverse outcomes with long COVID-19 and death. Even though some studies showed that previously existing infections with parasites amend the host's body defenses to increase resistance to infection with SARS-CoV-2, there is limited data in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study is aimed at determining the COVID-19 disease severity and its association with intestinal parasite coinfection and urine biochemical parameters among COVID-19-confirmed patients admitted at Debre Markos University COVID-19 Center, 2021. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 136 RT-qPCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted at Debre Markos University COVID-19 Center from January 1 to March 30, 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by using standardized data collection forms. A urine biochemical test was performed using a dry urine dipstick kit and stool examination using direct wet mount microscopic examination and formalin-ether concentration method. The chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and ordinal logistic regression analysis were computed to assess association with outcome variables using Statistical Package for Social Science software (version 24). Result: A total of 136 COVID-19-confirmed patients participated in this study. The median age of the participants was 48 years. The majority (86 (62.5%)) of them were male in sex. Of the 136 cases, 39 (28.7%) had died. Among the 136 patients, 22 (16.2%) were coinfected with intestinal parasites. COVID-19 patients who have intestinal parasite coinfection had lower odds of developing clinically severe COVID-19 compared to noninfected (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.147-0.944; Conclusion: Patients with old age and comorbidity had an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 disease. Patients having SARS-CoV-2 and intestinal parasitic coinfections demonstrated mild COVID-19 disease severity. Abnormal urine biochemical results were common among critical COVID-19 patients. Thus, advanced study on the effect of the interaction among intestinal parasites on COVID-19 clinical severity and its mechanisms is essential.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Middle Aged ; Parasites ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Prospective Studies ; Universities ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2024/3064374
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Article: In silico Screening of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from

Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie / Khalid, Zunera / Adane, Fentahun

Advances and applications in bioinformatics and chemistry : AABC

2023 Volume 16, Page(s) 1–13

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 is still instigating significant social and economic chaos worldwide; however, there is no approved antiviral drug yet. Here, we used in silico analysis to screen potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M: Methods: The absorption, ... ...

Abstract	Background: COVID-19 is still instigating significant social and economic chaos worldwide; however, there is no approved antiviral drug yet. Here, we used in silico analysis to screen potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M Methods: The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles of compounds were determined through SwissADME and ProToxII servers. AutoDock tools were used for molecular docking analysis studies, while Chimera, DS studio, and LigPlot were used for post-docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed for 200 ns under constant pressure. Results: All compounds exhibited a bioavailability score of ≥0.55 entailing that at least 55% of the drugs can be absorbed unchanged. Only five (9%), nine (16%) and two (3.6%) of the compounds showed active hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity, respectively. Except for flourazophore P, which showed a little mutagenicity, all other compounds did not show mutagenic properties. On the other hand, only pinene beta was found to have a little cytotoxicity. Five compounds demonstrated effective binding to the catalytic dyad of the SARS-CoV-2 M Conclusion: Based on our in silico analysis, top hits from
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2494731-3
ISSN	1178-6949
ISSN	1178-6949
DOI	10.2147/AABC.S393084
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Article ; Online: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among under five diarrheic children attending public health facilities in Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia

Mesfin Dessale / Getachew Mengistu / Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: BackgroundUnder five children are at risk of diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality. Salmonella and Shigella are major causes of diarrhea in under-five children, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundUnder five children are at risk of diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality. Salmonella and Shigella are major causes of diarrhea in under-five children, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among under-five diarrheic children in Debre Markos town public health facilities.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at public health facilities in Debre Markos town using a consecutive convenient sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Salmonella serovars and Shigella species were identified using MacConkey, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate, Salmonella Shigella agar, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial resistance pattern was determined by using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique.ResultsThe overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella was 11.7% (26/222; 95% CI = 7.2–17.5%). Isolated Salmonella serovars showed a higher rate of resistance (85.7%, 6/7) for both Ampicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid while Shigella isolates showed a higher resistance rate to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (78.9%, 15/19) and Ampicillin (73.7%, 14/19). The overall multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of Salmonella and Shigella isolates was 88.5% (23/26). Parent/guardian educational status ≤ elementary school (AOR = 3.783; 95% CI = 1.28–11.19; P = 0.016), presence of two or more under-five children in the family (AOR = 8.999; 95% CI = 2.93–27.69; P < 0.001), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 5.010; 95% CI = 1.56–16.10; P = 0.007), the habit of storing cooked foods for later use (AOR = 3.199; 95% CI = 1.07–9.54; P = 0.037), attendance of the child at social gatherings (AOR = 5.387; 95% CI = 1.78–16.35; P = 0.003), and infrequent child fingernail trimming (every ≥ 2 weeks; AOR = 4.693; 95% CI = 1.47–14.94; P = 0.009) showed statistically significant association with the prevalence of culture-confirmed ...
Keywords	prevalence ; antimicrobial resistance pattern ; Salmonella ; Shigella ; under-five children ; Debre Markos ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Aging, inflammaging and immunosenescence as risk factors of severe COVID-19.

Tizazu, Anteneh Mehari / Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie / Demeke, Gebreselassie

Immunity & ageing : I & A

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 53

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by having a heterogeneous disease course, ranging from asymptomatic and ... ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by having a heterogeneous disease course, ranging from asymptomatic and mild symptoms to more severe and critical cases. In most cases the severity of COVID-19 is related to host factors, especially deregulation of the immune response in patients. Even if COVID-19 indiscriminately affects individuals of different age group, ethnicity and economic status; most severe cases and disproportional mortality occur in elderly individuals. This point out that aging is one risk factor for unfavourable clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The biology of aging is a complex process; Aging can alter the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs resulting in impaired response to stress. Alongside with other systems, the immune system is also affected with the aging process. Immunosenescence is an age associated change in the immune system that affects the overall response to immunological challenges in the elderly. Similarly, apart from the normal inflammatory process, aging is associated with a low grade, sterile, chronic inflammation which is termed as inflammaging. We hypothesized that inflammaging and immunosenescence could play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and poor recovery from COVID-19 in elderly individuals. This review summarizes the changes in the immune system with age and how these changes play part in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical outcome of COVID-19 which could add to the understanding of age associated targeted immunotherapy in the elderly.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2168941-6
ISSN	1742-4933
ISSN	1742-4933
DOI	10.1186/s12979-022-00309-5
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Article ; Online: Nanotechnology: A Promising Approach for Cancer Diagnosis, Therapeutics and Theragnosis.

Dessale, Mesfin / Mengistu, Getachew / Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie

International journal of nanomedicine

2022 Volume 17, Page(s) 3735–3749

Abstract: Cancer remains the most devastating disease and the major cause of mortality worldwide. Although early diagnosis and treatment are the key approach in fighting against cancer, the available conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methods are not ... ...

Abstract	Cancer remains the most devastating disease and the major cause of mortality worldwide. Although early diagnosis and treatment are the key approach in fighting against cancer, the available conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methods are not efficient. Besides, ineffective cancer cell selectivity and toxicity of traditional chemotherapy remain the most significant challenge. These limitations entail the need for the development of both safe and effective cancer diagnosis and treatment options. Due to its robust application, nanotechnology could be a promising method for in-vivo imaging and detection of cancer cells and cancer biomarkers. Nanotechnology could provide a quick, safe, cost-effective, and efficient method for cancer management. It also provides simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of cancer using nano-theragnostic particles that facilitate early detection and selective destruction of cancer cells. Updated and recent discussions are important for selecting the best cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management options, and new insights on designing effective protocols are utmost important. This review discusses the application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis, therapeutics, and theragnosis and provides future perspectives in the field.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Humans ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-26
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2364941-0
ISSN	1178-2013 ; 1176-9114
ISSN (online)	1178-2013
ISSN	1176-9114
DOI	10.2147/IJN.S378074
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Article ; Online: Bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of external ocular infections among patients attending eye clinic at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Zewodie Haile / Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist / Tebelay Dilnessa

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e

2022 Volume 0277230

Abstract: Background External eye infection caused by bacteria can lead to reduced vision and blindness. Therefore, pathogen isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are vital for the prevention and control of ocular diseases. Objective The main aim of ... ...

Abstract	Background External eye infection caused by bacteria can lead to reduced vision and blindness. Therefore, pathogen isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are vital for the prevention and control of ocular diseases. Objective The main aim of this study was to assess bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of external ocular infection (EOI) among patients attended eye clinic at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DMCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with external ocular infections from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021, at DMCSH. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Following standard protocols, external ocular swabs were collected and inoculated onto blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar and mannitol salt agar (MSA). Finally, bacterial isolates were identified by Gram stain, colony morphology, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Cleaned and coded data were entered into EpiData version 4.2 software and exported to Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for analysis. Bivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between predictors and outcome variables. P-values ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Results Two hundred seven study participants were enrolled in this study. More than half of them (57.5%, 119/207) were males, and 37.7% (78/207) of them were ≥ 65 years old. A total of 130 (62.8%) bacterial isolates were identified, with Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 78.5% (102/130) of the isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate with a 46.2% (60/130) prevalence. Ciprofloxacin was comparatively effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The prevalence ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Structural Basis of Potential Inhibitors Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie / Dilnessa, Tebelay / Jin, Tengchuan

Frontiers in chemistry

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 622898

Abstract: The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is still devastating the world causing significant social, economic, and political chaos. Corresponding to the absence of globally approved antiviral drugs for treatment and vaccines for controlling the ... ...

Abstract	The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is still devastating the world causing significant social, economic, and political chaos. Corresponding to the absence of globally approved antiviral drugs for treatment and vaccines for controlling the pandemic, the number of cases and/or mortalities are still rising. Current patient management relies on supportive treatment and the use of repurposed drugs as an indispensable option. Of a crucial role in the viral life cycle, ongoing studies are looking for potential inhibitors to the main protease (M
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2711776-5
ISSN	2296-2646
ISSN	2296-2646
DOI	10.3389/fchem.2021.622898
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Article ; Online: Bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of external ocular infections among patients attending eye clinic at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Haile, Zewodie / Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie / Dilnessa, Tebelay

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) e0277230

Abstract: Background: External eye infection caused by bacteria can lead to reduced vision and blindness. Therefore, pathogen isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are vital for the prevention and control of ocular diseases.: Objective: The main ... ...

Abstract	Background: External eye infection caused by bacteria can lead to reduced vision and blindness. Therefore, pathogen isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are vital for the prevention and control of ocular diseases. Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of external ocular infection (EOI) among patients attended eye clinic at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DMCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with external ocular infections from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021, at DMCSH. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Following standard protocols, external ocular swabs were collected and inoculated onto blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar and mannitol salt agar (MSA). Finally, bacterial isolates were identified by Gram stain, colony morphology, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Cleaned and coded data were entered into EpiData version 4.2 software and exported to Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for analysis. Bivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between predictors and outcome variables. P-values ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Results: Two hundred seven study participants were enrolled in this study. More than half of them (57.5%, 119/207) were males, and 37.7% (78/207) of them were ≥ 65 years old. A total of 130 (62.8%) bacterial isolates were identified, with Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 78.5% (102/130) of the isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate with a 46.2% (60/130) prevalence. Ciprofloxacin was comparatively effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria was significantly associated with age groups 15-24 (AOR: 9.18, 95%CI: 1.01-82.80; P = 0.049) and 25-64 (AOR: 7.47, 95%CI: 1.06-52.31; P = 0.043). Being farmer (AOR: 5.33, 95% CI: 1.04-37.33; P = 0.045), previous history of eye surgery (AOR: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.66-17.48; P = 0.005), less frequency of face washing (AOR: 5.32, 95% CI: 1.31-7.23; P = 0.010) and face washing once a day (AOR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.13-25.13; P = 0.035) were also significantly associated with the prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria. Conclusion: The prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria among patients with EOI was high in the study area. A considerable proportion of bacterial isolates exhibited mono and/or multi-drug resistance. Age (15-64 years), being farmer, previous history of eye surgery and less frequency of face washing were significantly associated with the prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteria. Bacterial isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be routinely performed in the study area to combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Agar/pharmacology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Bacteria ; Eye Infections/drug therapy ; Hospitals ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Agar (9002-18-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0277230
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Article ; Online: Designing of improved drugs for COVID-19: Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease M

Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie / Fan, Xiaojiao / Jin, Tengchuan

Signal transduction and targeted therapy

2020 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 67

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2886872-9
ISSN	2059-3635 ; 2095-9907
ISSN (online)	2059-3635
ISSN	2095-9907
DOI	10.1038/s41392-020-0178-y
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