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Article ; Online: Detection and Discovery of Coronaviruses in Wild Bird Populations.

Snoeck, Chantal J / Zohari, Siamak

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2020 Volume 2203, Page(s) 41–53

Abstract: Wild birds are natural hosts of multiple microbial agents, including a wide diversity of coronaviruses. Here we describe a pan-Coronavirus detection RT-PCR method to identify those viruses regardless of the coronavirus genus or nature of the specimen. We ...

Abstract	Wild birds are natural hosts of multiple microbial agents, including a wide diversity of coronaviruses. Here we describe a pan-Coronavirus detection RT-PCR method to identify those viruses regardless of the coronavirus genus or nature of the specimen. We also describe a protocol using high-throughput sequencing technologies to obtain their entire genome, which overcomes the inherent difficulties of wild bird coronavirus sequencing, that is, their genetic diversity and the lack of virus isolation methods.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Bird Diseases/virology ; Coronavirus/genetics ; Coronavirus/isolation & purification ; Coronavirus Infections/genetics ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Specimen Handling/methods
Chemical Substances	RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Usutu Virus Africa 3 Lineage, Luxembourg, 2020.

Snoeck, Chantal J / Sausy, Aurélie / Losch, Serge / Wildschutz, Félix / Bourg, Manon / Hübschen, Judith M

Emerging infectious diseases

2022 Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 1076–1079

Abstract: We detected Usutu virus in a dead Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula) in Luxembourg in September 2020. The strain clustered within the Africa 3.1 lineage identified in Western Europe since 2016. Our results suggest maintenance of the virus in Europe ... ...

Abstract	We detected Usutu virus in a dead Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula) in Luxembourg in September 2020. The strain clustered within the Africa 3.1 lineage identified in Western Europe since 2016. Our results suggest maintenance of the virus in Europe despite little reporting during 2019-2020, rather than a new introduction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bird Diseases ; Flavivirus ; Flavivirus Infections ; Luxembourg/epidemiology ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2805.212012
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Article: Detection and Discovery of Coronaviruses in Wild Bird Populations

Snoeck, Chantal J / Zohari, Siamak

Methods Mol Biol

Abstract	Wild birds are natural hosts of multiple microbial agents, including a wide diversity of coronaviruses. Here we describe a pan-Coronavirus detection RT-PCR method to identify those viruses regardless of the coronavirus genus or nature of the specimen. We also describe a protocol using high-throughput sequencing technologies to obtain their entire genome, which overcomes the inherent difficulties of wild bird coronavirus sequencing, that is, their genetic diversity and the lack of virus isolation methods.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #729899
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Human Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Swine Workers in Lagos, Nigeria: Consequences for Animal and Public Health.

Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez A / Sausy, Aurélie / Muller, Claude P / Hübschen, Judith M / Omilabu, Sunday A / Snoeck, Chantal J

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 6

Abstract: The influenza A virus has been scarcely investigated in pigs in Africa, with rare detection prior to 2009. The spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 changed the epidemiology due to frequent human-to-swine transmission and the emergence of various new reassortants. This ...

Abstract	The influenza A virus has been scarcely investigated in pigs in Africa, with rare detection prior to 2009. The spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 changed the epidemiology due to frequent human-to-swine transmission and the emergence of various new reassortants. This study therefore aimed at estimating the level of circulation and characterizing influenza A viruses at the interface between swine workers, who are crucial players in the inter-species transmission of influenza A viruses, and their animals in several farms in Nigeria, a hub for pig production in Africa. This cross-sectional study showed that 24.6% (58/236) of the pig serum samples collected in 2013-2014 had anti-influenza A antibodies in the absence of vaccination programs, but none of the pig swabs (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Swine ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics ; Public Health ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Seasons ; Influenza, Human ; Influenza A virus/genetics ; Swine Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15061219
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies in cattle in Burkina Faso associated with swine mixed farming.

Tialla, Dieudonné / Cissé, Assana / Ouédraogo, Georges Anicet / Hübschen, Judith M / Tarnagda, Zékiba / Snoeck, Chantal J

Journal of veterinary science

2022 Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) e33

Abstract: Background: Endemic circulation of human-specific hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 may occult the importance of sporadic zoonotic HEV transmissions in Africa. Increasing numbers of studies reporting anti-HEV antibodies in cattle and the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Endemic circulation of human-specific hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 may occult the importance of sporadic zoonotic HEV transmissions in Africa. Increasing numbers of studies reporting anti-HEV antibodies in cattle and the discovery of infectious HEV in cow milk has raised public health concern, but cattle exposure has seldom been investigated in Africa. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the role of cows in the epidemiology of HEV in Burkina Faso and farmers habits in terms of dairy product consumption as a prerequisite to estimate the risk of transmission to humans. Methods: Sera from 475 cattle and 192 pigs were screened for the presence of anti-HEV antibodies while HEV RNA in swine stools was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data on mixed farming, dairy product consumption and selling habits were gathered through questionnaires. Results: The overall seroprevalence in cattle was 5.1% and herd seroprevalence reached 32.4% (11/34). Herd seropositivity was not associated with husbandry practice or presence of rabbits on the farms. However, herd seropositivity was associated with on-site presence of pigs, 80.7% of which had anti-HEV antibodies. The majority of farmers reported to preferentially consume raw milk based dairy products. Conclusions: Concomitant presence of pigs on cattle farms constitutes a risk factor for HEV exposure of cattle. However, the risk of HEV infections associated with raw cow dairy product consumption is currently considered as low.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Burkina Faso/epidemiology ; Cattle ; Farms ; Female ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology ; Hepatitis E/veterinary ; Hepatitis E virus/genetics ; Prevalence ; Rabbits ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2125308-0
ISSN	1976-555X ; 1976-555X
ISSN (online)	1976-555X
ISSN	1976-555X
DOI	10.4142/jvs.21235
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Reply to "May Newly Defined Genotypes XVII and XVIII of Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry from West and Central Africa Be Considered a Single Genotype (XVII)?".

Snoeck, Chantal J / Muller, Claude P

Journal of clinical microbiology

2016 Volume 54, Issue 9, Page(s) 2400–2401

MeSH term(s)	Africa, Central ; Animals ; Genotype ; Newcastle Disease/virology ; Newcastle disease virus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; Poultry Diseases/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
DOI	10.1128/JCM.00696-16
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Article: Adverse Life Trajectories Are a Risk Factor for SARS-CoV-2 IgA Seropositivity.

Holuka, Cyrielle / Snoeck, Chantal J / Mériaux, Sophie B / Ollert, Markus / Krüger, Rejko / Turner, Jonathan D / The Con-Vince Consortium

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 10

Abstract: Asymptomatic individuals, called "silent spreaders" spread SARS-CoV-2 efficiently and have complicated control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As seen in previous influenza pandemics, socioeconomic and life-trajectory factors are important in disease ... ...

Abstract	Asymptomatic individuals, called "silent spreaders" spread SARS-CoV-2 efficiently and have complicated control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As seen in previous influenza pandemics, socioeconomic and life-trajectory factors are important in disease progression and outcome. The demographics of the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers are unknown. We used the CON-VINCE cohort of healthy, asymptomatic, and oligosymptomatic individuals that is statistically representative of the overall population of Luxembourg for age, gender, and residency to characterise this population. Gender (male), not smoking, and exposure to early-life or adult traumatic experiences increased the risk of IgA seropositivity, and the risk associated with early-life exposure was a dose-dependent metric, while some other known comorbidities of active COVID-19 do not impact it. As prior exposure to adversity is associated with negative psychobiological reactions to external stressors, we recorded psychological wellbeing during the study period. Exposure to traumatic events or concurrent autoimmune or rheumatic disease were associated with a worse evolution of anxiety and depressive symptoms throughout the lockdown period. The unique demographic profile of the "silent spreaders" highlights the role that the early-life period plays in determining our lifelong health trajectory and provides evidence that the developmental origins of health and disease is applicable to infectious diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm10102159
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology and genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infections: Findings from the influenza sentinel surveillance network in Central African Republic, 2015 to 2018.

Komoyo, Giscard F / Yambiyo, Brice M / Manirakiza, Alexandre / Gody, Jean C / Muller, Claude P / Hübschen, Judith M / Nakoune, Emmanuel / Snoeck, Chantal J

Health science reports

2021 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) e298

Abstract: Background and aims: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main viral pathogens causing acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age but has seldom been studied in Central African Republic (CAF). Taking advantage of the ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main viral pathogens causing acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age but has seldom been studied in Central African Republic (CAF). Taking advantage of the national influenza surveillance network in CAF, this study aimed at providing the first insights into RSV prevalence and seasonality over 4 years of surveillance and the clinical manifestations of RSV in this population in CAF. Methods: A total of 3903 children under 5 years matching the influenza-like illness (ILI, 68.5%) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI, 31.5%) case definitions were recruited from January 2015 to December 2018. The presence of RSV viral RNA in nasopharyngeal samples was assessed by RT-PCR, followed by RSV-A and RSV-B typing and Sanger sequencing on a subset of samples. Phylogenetic analyses were carried on partial G protein sequences. Associations between RSV and demographic or clinical manifestations were investigated by statistical analyses. Results: RSV prevalence was significantly higher in infants <6 months (13.4%), in hospitalized children (13.3% vs 5.5%) and in male patients (9.5% vs 6.4%). An overall prevalence of RSV of 8.0% in the period of 2015 to 2018 was shown, with significant annual (6.4%-10.6%) and seasonal (12.7% in rainy season vs 3.0% in dry season) fluctuations. While RSV seasons in 2015, 2016, and 2018 were relatively similar, 2017 showed deviations from the overall patterns with significantly higher RSV circulation and an outbreak peak 3 to 5 months earlier. Concomitant circulation of RSV-A and RSV-B with an alternating predominance of RSV-A and RSV-B strains and temporal RSV-A genotype replacement from NA1 to ON1 was observed. Conclusion: This study represents the first in-depth epidemiological analysis of RSV in CAF and provides first insights into RSV genetic diversity and seasonality in the country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-8835
ISSN (online)	2398-8835
DOI	10.1002/hsr2.298
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Adverse Life Trajectories Are a Risk Factor for SARS-CoV-2 IgA Seropositivity

Cyrielle Holuka / Chantal J. Snoeck / Sophie B. Mériaux / Markus Ollert / Rejko Krüger / Jonathan D. Turner / the CON-VINCE Consortium

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 2159, p

2021 Volume 2159

Abstract: Asymptomatic individuals, called “silent spreaders” spread SARS-CoV-2 efficiently and have complicated control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As seen in previous influenza pandemics, socioeconomic and life-trajectory factors are important in disease ... ...

Abstract	Asymptomatic individuals, called “silent spreaders” spread SARS-CoV-2 efficiently and have complicated control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As seen in previous influenza pandemics, socioeconomic and life-trajectory factors are important in disease progression and outcome. The demographics of the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers are unknown. We used the CON-VINCE cohort of healthy, asymptomatic, and oligosymptomatic individuals that is statistically representative of the overall population of Luxembourg for age, gender, and residency to characterise this population. Gender (male), not smoking, and exposure to early-life or adult traumatic experiences increased the risk of IgA seropositivity, and the risk associated with early-life exposure was a dose-dependent metric, while some other known comorbidities of active COVID-19 do not impact it. As prior exposure to adversity is associated with negative psychobiological reactions to external stressors, we recorded psychological wellbeing during the study period. Exposure to traumatic events or concurrent autoimmune or rheumatic disease were associated with a worse evolution of anxiety and depressive symptoms throughout the lockdown period. The unique demographic profile of the “silent spreaders” highlights the role that the early-life period plays in determining our lifelong health trajectory and provides evidence that the developmental origins of health and disease is applicable to infectious diseases.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; early-life adversity ; adult traumatic events ; psychosocial adversity ; relative risk ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hepatitis E virus in Cuba: A cross-sectional serological and virological study in pigs and people occupationally exposed to pigs.

Montalvo Villalba, Maria Caridad / Snoeck, Chantal J / Rodriguez Lay, Licel de Los Angeles / Sausy, Aurélie / Hernández López, Dayesi / Corredor, Marite Bello / Marrero Sanchéz, Barbara / Hübschen, Judith M

Zoonoses and public health

2022 Volume 70, Issue 1, Page(s) 58–68

Abstract: Surveillance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in risk groups is an important strategy to monitor its circulation pattern and to timely detect changes thereof. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence of HEV infections in pigs and ... ...

Abstract	Surveillance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in risk groups is an important strategy to monitor its circulation pattern and to timely detect changes thereof. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence of HEV infections in pigs and humans from different regions of the country, to identify risk factors for increasing anti-HEV IgG prevalence and to characterize HEV strains. The presence of anti-HEV antibodies was assessed by commercial ELISA in serum samples from the general population, farm and slaughterhouse employees, as well as pigs sampled in the three regions of Cuba from February to September 2016. Overall, individuals with occupational exposure to swine or swine products (70/248, 28.2%) were 4 times more likely to be seropositive compared to the general population (25/285, 8.7%; OR: 4.18; p < .001). Within the risk group, risk factors included age, number of years working in a professional activity with direct exposure to swine, geographic region and distance between residence and closest professional swine setting, while wearing gloves had a protective effect. Prevalence of total anti-HEV antibodies in swine was 88.2% (165/187) and HEV RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 9.2% (16/173) swine stools. All HEV strains sequenced clustered within genotype 3. Some strains clearly belonged to subtype 3a, while another group of strains was related with subtypes 3b and 3 k but partial HEV sequences did not allow unequivocal subtype assignment. These findings suggest that the high HEV exposure in Cuban individuals with swine-related occupations could be due to enzootic HEV in certain regions, direct contact with infectious animals or their products as well as environmental contamination.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Swine ; Animals ; Hepatitis E virus/genetics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cuba/epidemiology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Genotype ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology ; Hepatitis E/veterinary ; Hepatitis Antibodies
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral ; Hepatitis Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2271118-1
ISSN	1863-2378 ; 1863-1959
ISSN (online)	1863-2378
ISSN	1863-1959
DOI	10.1111/zph.13000
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