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  1. Article ; Online: Noninvasive Glucose Measurements Through Transcutaneous Raman Spectroscopy: A Review.

    Loyola-Leyva, Alejandra / Hernández-Vidales, Karen / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / González, Francisco Javier

    Journal of diabetes science and technology

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 460–469

    Abstract: Background: People living with diabetes need constant glucose monitoring to avoid health complications. However, they do not monitor their glucose levels as often as recommended, probably because glucose measurement devices can be painful, costly, need ... ...

    Abstract Background: People living with diabetes need constant glucose monitoring to avoid health complications. However, they do not monitor their glucose levels as often as recommended, probably because glucose measurement devices can be painful, costly, need testing strips or sensors, require lancing the finger or inserting a sensor with risk of infection, and can be inaccurate or have failures. Therefore, developing new alternatives for noninvasive glucose measurements that overcome these disadvantages is necessary, being Raman spectroscopy (RS) a solution.
    Objective: This review aims to provide an overview of the current glucose-monitoring technologies and the uses and advantages of RS to improve noninvasive transcutaneously glucose-monitoring devices.
    Results: The skin has been used to assess glucose levels noninvasively because it is an accessible tissue where glucose can be measured in the interstitial fluid (ISF) in the epidermis (especially in the stratum corneum). The most selected skin sites to apply RS for noninvasive glucose measurements were the nailfold, finger, and forearm because, in these sites, the penetration depth of the excitation light can reach the stratum corneum (10-20 µm) and the ISF. Studies found that RS is a good optical technique to measure glucose noninvasively by comparing glucose levels obtained by RS with those from invasive methods such as glucose meters with testing strips during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
    Conclusions: New alternatives for noninvasive glucose measurements that overcome the disadvantages of current devices is necessary, and RS is a possible solution. However, more research is needed to evaluate the stability, accuracy, costs, and acceptance.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Skin ; Glucose
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1932-2968
    ISSN (online) 1932-2968
    DOI 10.1177/19322968221109612
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  2. Article ; Online: Differences in erythrocytes size and shape in prediabetes and diabetes assessed by two microscopy techniques and its association with dietary patterns. Pilot study.

    Loyola-Leyva, Alejandra / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Barquera, Simon / González, Francisco Javier / Camacho-Lopez, Santiago / Terán-Figueroa, Yolanda

    Microscopy research and technique

    2022  Volume 85, Issue 12, Page(s) 3726–3735

    Abstract: Hemorheology and microcirculation alterations are caused by erythrocyte size and shape (ESS) modifications. People´s diets can alter erythrocyte functions and membrane fluidity by changing cell membrane components. The aim was to identify differences in ... ...

    Abstract Hemorheology and microcirculation alterations are caused by erythrocyte size and shape (ESS) modifications. People´s diets can alter erythrocyte functions and membrane fluidity by changing cell membrane components. The aim was to identify differences in ESS obtained by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and assess their relationship with dietary patterns. The study population included 31 participants (14 healthy, 11 with prediabetes, and 6 with T2DM). Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. ESS (diameter, height, axial ratio, thickness, and concave depth) were obtained by SEM and AFM. Differences in ESS between groups were observed with SEM (height) and AFM (height, axial ratio, and concave depth). T2DM presented smaller erythrocytes, more elongated and more altered forms. Two dietary patterns were identified: (1) Unhealthy: more refined cereals, high-fat dairy, fast food, sugary beverages, and fewer fruits, fish, seafood, low-fat dairy, and water. (2) Prudent: higher consumption of refined cereals, vegetables, poultry, low-fat dairy and nuts, and lower tortillas, eggs, high-fat dairy, and legumes. Tertile 3 of the Unhealthy dietary pattern had 80% of healthy participants. A difference in diameter and height (0.44 and 0.32 μm, respectively) obtained by SEM was observed when comparing tertile 2 (smaller erythrocytes) versus tertile 3 in the Unhealthy dietary pattern. SEM and AFM are excellent tools to assess ESS. Unhealthy dietary patterns might be associated with altered ESS. HIGHLIGHTS: SEM and AFM are excellent tools to assess erythrocyte size and shape modifications. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy and prudent. Smaller erythrocytes were observed in the second tertile of the unhealthy pattern.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Prediabetic State ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Pilot Projects ; Diet ; Erythrocytes ; Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods ; Feeding Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099714-3
    ISSN 1097-0029 ; 1059-910X
    ISSN (online) 1097-0029
    ISSN 1059-910X
    DOI 10.1002/jemt.24238
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  3. Article: Propylene Glycol Potentiates the Inhibitory Action of CTZ Paste on Antibiotic-Resistant

    Rayos-Verdugo, Jesús Yareli / Rivera-Chaparro, Fernando / Castro-Salazar, Gloria Yolanda / Ramírez-Álvarez, Maricela / Romero-Quintana, José Geovanni / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Zavala-Alonso, Norma Verónica / Avendaño-Félix, Mariana / Soto-Sainz, Jesús Eduardo / Silva-Benítez, Erika de Lourdes

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 9

    Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate if the change of vehicle for CTZ (Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, zinc oxide, and Eugenol) paste improves the inhibition ... ...

    Abstract This study aimed to evaluate if the change of vehicle for CTZ (Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, zinc oxide, and Eugenol) paste improves the inhibition of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11092208
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  4. Article ; Online: Application of atomic force microscopy to assess erythrocytes morphology in early stages of diabetes. A pilot study.

    Loyola-Leyva, Alejandra / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Terán-Figueroa, Yolanda / Camacho-Lopez, Santiago / González, Francisco Javier / Barquera, Simón

    Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)

    2020  Volume 141, Page(s) 102982

    Abstract: The study aim was to assess the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate erythrocyte morphology in early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the association with biochemical, anthropometric, diet, and physical activity indicators. ... ...

    Abstract The study aim was to assess the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate erythrocyte morphology in early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the association with biochemical, anthropometric, diet, and physical activity indicators. This was a pilot cross-sectional study with four groups: healthy individuals, people with prediabetes (PDG), metabolic syndrome (MSG), and diabetes mellitus group (DMG). Blood samples were obtained to assess the erythrocyte morphology and biochemical parameters. Anthropometrical measurements were taken. Besides, a diet and a physical activity questionnaire were applied. The evaluation of the erythrocyte morphology through the AFM showed quantitative and qualitative alterations in the cell's form and size. Compared to the healthy group, the PDG had a reduction in height (-0.80 μm, p < 0.05), and an increase in axial ratio (-0.09 μm, p < 0.05); the MSG had lower concave depth (-0.19 μm, p < 0.05); and the DMG had a decreased height (-0.46 μm, p < 0.05) and concave depth (-0.29 μm, p < 0.05), and higher axial ratio (+0.08 μm) and thickness (+0.32 μm, p < 0.05). The PDG vs. DMG had a statistically significant difference in concave depth (+0.23 μm, p < 0.05) and thickness (-0.26 μm, p < 0.05). The MSG was different than the DMG in variables like axial ratio (-0.05 μm) and thickness (-0.25 μm). Besides, higher values of age, HbA1c, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and physical inactivity were associated with altered erythrocyte morphology. AFM is a promising instrument to assess early but subtle changes in erythrocyte morphology (height, axial ratio, concave depth, thickness) before significant pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. HbA1c might have a major effect in altered morphology, vs. metabolic parameters like high triglycerides, body mass index, waist, and physical inactivity.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Erythrocytes/cytology ; Erythrocytes/pathology ; Erythrocytes/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207808-9
    ISSN 1878-4291 ; 0047-7206 ; 0968-4328
    ISSN (online) 1878-4291
    ISSN 0047-7206 ; 0968-4328
    DOI 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102982
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  5. Article: Corrigendum to "

    Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Lastra-Corso, Ildelfonso / García-Cortés, José Obed / Loyola-Leyva, Alejandra / Domínguez-Pérez, Rúben Abraham / Avila-Arizmendi, David / Contreras-Palma, Guillermo / González-Calixto, Cecilia / Cortés Sandoval, Gabriela

    Journal of toxicology

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 4028481

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/1467456.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/1467456.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2495098-1
    ISSN 1687-8205 ; 1687-8191
    ISSN (online) 1687-8205
    ISSN 1687-8191
    DOI 10.1155/2021/4028481
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  6. Article ; Online: Altered erythrocyte morphology in Mexican adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated by scanning electron microscope.

    Loyola-Leyva, Alejandra / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Terán Figueroa, Yolanda / González, Francisco Javier / Atzori, Marco / Barquera Cervera, Simón

    Microscopy (Oxford, England)

    2019  Volume 68, Issue 3, Page(s) 261–270

    Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the erythrocyte morphology in people with prediabetes, T2DM and healthy subjects in a Mexican population and its association with biochemical parameters.: Methods: Cross-sectional study consisted of three groups: healthy (HG), people ...

    Abstract Aim: To evaluate the erythrocyte morphology in people with prediabetes, T2DM and healthy subjects in a Mexican population and its association with biochemical parameters.
    Methods: Cross-sectional study consisted of three groups: healthy (HG), people with prediabetes (PG) and with T2DM (DMG). A blood sample was obtained from all participants to assess the erythrocyte morphology, and levels of HbA1c, glucose and lipid profile. Anthropometrical parameters were also evaluated.
    Results: It was observed that compared with healthy individuals, people with prediabetes presented a significant decrease in the diameter (-0.08 μm, P = 0.014) and height (-0.07 μm, P = 0.004), as well as people with T2DM (-0.33 μm, P < 0.001 in diameter; and -0.36 μm, P < 0.001 in height). Besides, it was found a significant difference in diameter (-0.25 μm, P < 0.001) and height (-0.29 μm, P < 0.001) between the PG and DMG. No significant differences in the axial ratio between groups. Also, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference were significantly associated with diameter and height.
    Conclusions: Erythrocyte morphological alterations can serve as an indicator of early diagnosis of T2DM and a factor implicated in the course of the clinical condition, so the correction of these alterations could serve as a treatment for prediabetes and T2DM. It is essential to promote constantly checkups of biochemical and anthropometrical parameters, as well as erythrocyte morphological alterations to prevent the onset of prediabetes and T2DM and possible clinical complications.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology ; Early Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes/ultrastructure ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis ; Humans ; Lipids/blood ; Male ; Mexico ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Middle Aged ; Prediabetic State/diagnosis ; Prediabetic State/pathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Lipids ; hemoglobin A1c protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2707496-1
    ISSN 2050-5701 ; 2050-5698
    ISSN (online) 2050-5701
    ISSN 2050-5698
    DOI 10.1093/jmicro/dfz011
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  7. Article ; Online: Morphological changes in erythrocytes of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated with atomic force microscopy: A brief review.

    Loyola-Leyva, Alejandra / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Atzori, Marco / González, Francisco Javier

    Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)

    2017  Volume 105, Page(s) 11–17

    Abstract: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death among people with T2DM. Morphological changes in erythrocytes have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular ...

    Abstract Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death among people with T2DM. Morphological changes in erythrocytes have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a new technique that allows non-invasive imaging of cells and the evaluation of changes in mechanical properties.
    Aim: To evaluate by AFM the erythrocytes morphological changes of people with T2DM METHODS: Search was conducted from in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Lilacs. Erythrocyte, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and, Microscopy, Atomic Force were the keywords used for the search. Papers included were cross-sectional studies performed in humans.
    Results: Five of seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy cells, the erythrocytes from individuals affected by T2DM had morphological changes such as a decreased concave depth, diameter, height and a deformation index, while axial ratio, stiffness, adhesive force, aggregation, and rigidity index were increased. The results regarding the erythrocyte roughness were inconclusive.
    Conclusions: The AFM is an excellent instrument to study the altered erythrocytes of subjects affected by T2DM. Morphology changes in erythrocytes could lead to cardiovascular events, which are major complications in people living with this disease.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology ; Erythrocytes/cytology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods ; Prognosis ; Risk
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 207808-9
    ISSN 1878-4291 ; 0047-7206 ; 0968-4328
    ISSN (online) 1878-4291
    ISSN 0047-7206 ; 0968-4328
    DOI 10.1016/j.micron.2017.11.001
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  8. Article ; Online: Anti-Adherence and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles against Serotypes

    Nafarrate-Valdez, Rosa Amalia / Martínez-Martínez, Rita Elizabeth / Zaragoza-Contreras, Erasto Armando / Áyala-Herrera, José Luis / Domínguez-Pérez, Rubén Abraham / Reyes-López, Simón Yobanny / Donohue-Cornejo, Alejandro / Cuevas-González, Juan Carlos / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Espinosa-Cristóbal, León Francisco

    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

    2022  Volume 58, Issue 7

    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main microorganism associated with the presence of dental caries and specific serotypes of this bacteria have been related to several systemic diseases limiting general health. In ... ...

    Abstract Background and Objectives: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main microorganism associated with the presence of dental caries and specific serotypes of this bacteria have been related to several systemic diseases limiting general health. In orthodontics, white spot lesions (WSL), represent a great challenge for clinicians due to the great fluctuation of their prevalence and incidence during conventional orthodontic treatments. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been demonstrated to have great antimicrobial properties in several microorganisms, including S. mutans bacteria, there is no available information about anti adherence and antimicrobial properties of AgNP exposed to two of the most relevant serotypes of S. mutans adhered on orthodontic materials used for conventional therapeutics. The objective of this study was to determine anti-adherence and antimicrobial levels of AgNP against serotypes c and k of S. mutans on conventional orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: An AgNP solution was prepared and characterized using dispersion light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antimicrobial and anti-adherence activities of AgNP were determined using minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial adherence testing against serotypes c and k of S. mutans clinically isolated and confirmed by PCR assay. Results: The prepared AgNP had spherical shapes with a good size distribution (29.3 ± 0.7 nm) with negative and well-defined electrical charges (−36.5 ± 5.7 mV). AgNP had good bacterial growth (55.7 ± 19.3 µg/mL for serotype c, and 111.4 ± 38.6 µg/mL for serotype k) and adherence inhibitions for all bacterial strains and orthodontic wires (p < 0.05). The serotype k showed statistically the highest microbial adherence (p < 0.05). The SS wires promoted more bacterial adhesion (149.0 ± 253.6 UFC/mL × 104) than CuNiTi (3.3 ± 6.0 UFC/mL × 104) and NiTi (101.1 ± 108.5 UFC/mL × 104) arches. SEM analysis suggests CuNiTi wires demonstrated better topographical conditions for bacterial adherence while AFM evaluation determined cell wall irregularities in bacterial cells exposed to AgNP. Conclusions: This study suggests the widespread use of AgNP as a potential anti-adherent and antimicrobial agent for the prevention of WSL during conventional orthodontic therapies and, collaterally, other systemic diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Dental Caries/drug therapy ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Serogroup ; Silver/pharmacology ; Silver/therapeutic use ; Streptococcus mutans
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Silver (3M4G523W1G)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188113-3
    ISSN 1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
    ISSN (online) 1648-9144
    ISSN 1010-660X
    DOI 10.3390/medicina58070877
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  9. Article ; Online: Dental plaque microbiota of pet owners and their dogs as a shared source and reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes.

    Pérez-Serrano, Rosa Martha / Domínguez-Pérez, Rubén Abraham / Ayala-Herrera, José Luis / Luna-Jaramillo, Alejandra Elizabeth / Zaldivar-Lelo de Larrea, Guadalupe / Solís-Sainz, Juan Carlos / García-Solís, Pablo / Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo

    Journal of global antimicrobial resistance

    2020  Volume 21, Page(s) 285–290

    Abstract: Objective: This investigation aimed to detect coincidences in the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) profiles between members of a group living in a household and to compare them between other groups in order to establish if an exchange of ARG occurs ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This investigation aimed to detect coincidences in the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) profiles between members of a group living in a household and to compare them between other groups in order to establish if an exchange of ARG occurs and if dental plaque microbiota can be considered as a source and reservoir of ARG that can be shared between humans and pets.
    Methods: One hundred sixty dental plaque samples were obtained from four groups: Shelter dogs group (n=20), adult pet owners and dogs group (AD group, n=40), adult pet owners, children and dogs group (ACD group, n=60), and adult non-pet owners and children group (AC group, n=40). DNA was obtained, and specific primers with polymerase chain reaction for ARG detection were used.
    Results: The AD group exhibited the most coincidences in their ARG profiles, 14 (70%) of the 20 profiles coincided in 100% followed by the ACD group with 9 (45%) coincidences. While the AC group was the less coincident group, only 7 (35%) of the 20 profiles coincided. tetM was the most prevalent with 53.1%, followed by tetQ with 52.5% and cfxA with 51.2%, while the less prevalent were tetW with 31.8%, blaTEM-1 with 27.5%, and ermC with 18.7%.
    Conclusion: Dental plaque microbiota can be considered as a source and reservoir of ARG that can be shared between humans and dogs living in a household. The dogs seem to play an important role in the transference of ARG, and the children appear to be the most affected by carrying the most significant number of ARG.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Dental Plaque ; Dogs ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Microbiota ; Pets
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2710046-7
    ISSN 2213-7173 ; 2213-7165
    ISSN (online) 2213-7173
    ISSN 2213-7165
    DOI 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.03.025
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  10. Article: In Vitro

    Loyola-Rodríguez, Juan Pablo / Lastra-Corso, Ildelfonso / García-Cortés, José Obed / Loyola-Leyva, Alejandra / Domínguez-Pérez, Rúben Abraham / Avila-Arizmendi, David / Contreras-Palma, Guillermo / González-Calixto, Cecilia

    Journal of toxicology

    2020  Volume 2020, Page(s) 1467456

    Abstract: Orthodontic brackets release ions that can be reabsorbed in the oral mucosa, potentially causing complications, including cytotoxic effects and mutagenic alterations. The aim was to evaluate the genotoxicity induced by orthodontic appliance alloys in ... ...

    Abstract Orthodontic brackets release ions that can be reabsorbed in the oral mucosa, potentially causing complications, including cytotoxic effects and mutagenic alterations. The aim was to evaluate the genotoxicity induced by orthodontic appliance alloys in cultures of human gingival fibroblasts by comet assay. Eluates were obtained from the following brackets alloys: EconoLine (SS: stainless steel), MiniMirage (Ni-Ti: nickel-titanium), Nu-Edge (Co-Cr: cobalt-chromium), In-Vu (PC-polycrystals (PC) aluminum oxide), and Monocrystal IZE (monocrystalline (MC) aluminum oxide). Each bracket was sterilized and exposed to a corrosive process for 35 days. The obtained eluates were tested for genotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFA) by the alkaline comet assay. All study groups showed genotoxic effects; there was a significant difference (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-27
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2495098-1
    ISSN 1687-8205 ; 1687-8191
    ISSN (online) 1687-8205
    ISSN 1687-8191
    DOI 10.1155/2020/1467456
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