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  1. Book ; Online: Grünlandschutz in Deutschland

    Schoof, Nicolas / Luick, Rainer / Beaufoy, Guy / Jones, Gwyn / Einarsson, Peter / Ruiz, Jabier / Stefanova, Vyara / Fuchs, Daniel / Windmaißer, Tobias / Hötker, Hermann / Jeromin, Heike / Nickel, Herbert / Schumacher, Jochen / Ukhanova, Maria

    Treiber der Biodiversität, Einfluss von Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen, Ordnungsrecht, Molkereiwirtschaft und Auswirkungen der Klima- und Energiepolitik : Ergebnisse des F+E-Vorhabens "Auswirkungen der neuen Rahmenbedingungen der gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik auf die grünland-bezogene Biodiversität" (FKZ 3515 88 0100)

    (BfN-Skripten ; 539)

    2020  

    Institution Deutschland / Bundesamt für Naturschutz
    Author's details Nicolas Schoof, Rainer Luick, Guy Beaufoy, Gwyn Jones, Peter Einarsson, Jabier Ruiz, Vyara Stefanova, Daniel Fuchs, Tobias Windmaißer, Hermann Hötker, Heike Jeromin, Herbert Nickel, Jochen Schumacher und Maria Ukhanova ; BfN, Bundesamt für Naturschutz
    Series title BfN-Skripten ; 539
    BfN-Skripten / Bundesamt für Naturschutz
    Collection BfN-Skripten / Bundesamt für Naturschutz
    Keywords Deutschland ; Grünland ; Biodiversität ; Klimaschutz ; Energiepolitik ; Agrarpolitik
    Subject Landwirtschaftspolitik ; Klimaschutzpolitik ; Klima ; Klimapolitik ; Klimaänderung ; Biologische Vielfalt ; Vielfalt ; Grasland
    Language German
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (257 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Edition 2. Aufl.
    Publisher Bundesamt für Naturschutz
    Publishing place Bonn-Bad Godesberg
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020611409
    ISBN 9783896242778 ; 3896242776
    DOI 10.19217/skr539
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Big databases and their contribution to dental research.

    Chackartchi, Tali / Tobias, Guy / Mann, Jonathan / Findler, Mordechai

    Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985)

    2022  Volume 53, Issue 10, Page(s) 821–823

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dental Research ; Databases, Factual
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 7436-6
    ISSN 1936-7163 ; 0033-6572
    ISSN (online) 1936-7163
    ISSN 0033-6572
    DOI 10.3290/j.qi.b3512077
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Late-Stage Diversification of Pyrazoles as Antileishmanial Agents.

    Winge, Tobias / Perry, Ben / Matheeussen, An / Caljon, Guy / Wünsch, Bernhard

    ChemMedChem

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 8, Page(s) e202400028

    Abstract: N-Pyrazolylcarboxamides and N-pyrazolylureas represent promising lead compounds for the development of novel antileishmanial drugs. Herein, we report the late-stage diversification of 3-bromopyrazoles 10 A/B and 14 A by Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira and ... ...

    Abstract N-Pyrazolylcarboxamides and N-pyrazolylureas represent promising lead compounds for the development of novel antileishmanial drugs. Herein, we report the late-stage diversification of 3-bromopyrazoles 10 A/B and 14 A by Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions. The electron-withdrawing properties of the cyano moiety in 4-position of the pyrazole ring limited the acylation of the primary amino moiety in 5-position. A large set of pyrazoles bearing diverse aryl and alkynyl substituents in 3-position was prepared and the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity was recorded. The urea 38 lacking the electron withdrawing cyano moiety in 4-position and containing the large 4-benzylpiperidinoo moiety exhibited a modest antileishmanial (IC
    MeSH term(s) Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology ; Antiparasitic Agents ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antiprotozoal Agents ; Antiparasitic Agents ; Pyrazoles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2218496-X
    ISSN 1860-7187 ; 1860-7179
    ISSN (online) 1860-7187
    ISSN 1860-7179
    DOI 10.1002/cmdc.202400028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Using an mHealth App (iGAM) to Reduce Gingivitis Remotely (Part 2): Prospective Observational Study.

    Tobias, Guy / Spanier, Assaf B

    JMIR mHealth and uHealth

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 9, Page(s) e24955

    Abstract: Background: Gingivitis is a nonpainful, inflammatory condition that can be managed at home. Left untreated, gingivitis can lead to tooth loss. Periodic dental examinations are important for early diagnosis and treatment of gum diseases. To contain the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Gingivitis is a nonpainful, inflammatory condition that can be managed at home. Left untreated, gingivitis can lead to tooth loss. Periodic dental examinations are important for early diagnosis and treatment of gum diseases. To contain the spread of the coronavirus, governments, including in Israel, have restricted movements of their citizens which might have caused routine dental checkups to be postponed.
    Objective: This study aimed to examine the ability of a mobile health app, iGAM, to reduce gingivitis, and to determine the most effective interval between photograph submissions.
    Methods: A prospective observational cohort study with 160 unpaid participants divided into 2 equal groups using the iGAM app was performed. The intervention group photographed their gums weekly for 8 weeks. The wait-list control group photographed their gums at the time of recruitment and 8 weeks later. After photo submission, the participants received the same message "we recommended that you read the information in the app regarding oral hygiene habits." A single-blinded researcher examined all the images and scored them according to the Modified Gingival Index (MGI).
    Results: The average age of the intervention group was 26.77 (SD 7.43) and 28.53 (SD 10.44) for the wait-list control group. Most participants were male (intervention group: 56/75,74.7%; wait-list control group: 34/51, 66.7%) and described themselves as "secular"; most were "single" non-smokers (intervention group: 56/75, 74.7%; wait-list control group: 40/51, 78.4%), and did not take medications (intervention group: 64/75, 85.3%; wait-list control group: 40/51, 78.4%). A total of 126 subjects completed the study. A statistically significant difference (P<.001) was found in the dependent variable (MGI). Improvements in gingival health were noted over time, and the average gingivitis scores were significantly lower in the intervention group (mean 1.16, SD 1.18) than in the wait-list control group (mean 2.16, SD 1.49) after 8 weeks. Those with more recent dental visits had a lower MGI (P=.04). No association was found between knowledge and behavior. Most participants were familiar with the recommendations for maintaining oral health, yet they only performed some of them.
    Conclusions: A dental selfie taken once a week using an mobile health app (iGAM) reduced the signs of gingivitis and promoted oral health. Selfies taken less frequently yielded poorer results. During the current pandemic, where social distancing recommendations may be causing people to avoid dental clinics, this app can remotely promote gum health.
    MeSH term(s) Gingivitis/diagnosis ; Gingivitis/prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Mobile Applications ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; Telemedicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2719220-9
    ISSN 2291-5222 ; 2291-5222
    ISSN (online) 2291-5222
    ISSN 2291-5222
    DOI 10.2196/24955
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: How Much Should be Invested in Lung Care Across the WHO European Region? Applying a Monetary Value to Disability-Adjusted Life-Years Within the International Respiratory Coalition's Lung Facts.

    Franklin, Matthew / Angus, Colin / Welte, Tobias / Joos, Guy

    Applied health economics and health policy

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 547–558

    Abstract: Objectives: The International Respiratory Coalition's Lung Facts web resource provides the latest data on a range of lung conditions covering the World Health Organization's European Region, informed by the Global Burden of Disease studies: https:// ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The International Respiratory Coalition's Lung Facts web resource provides the latest data on a range of lung conditions covering the World Health Organization's European Region, informed by the Global Burden of Disease studies: https://international-respiratory-coalition.org/lung-facts/ . Within Lung Facts, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) are monetised based on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. We describe the conceptual and empirical basis for using monetised DALYs to inform negotiations with policymakers to invest in lung care across the World Health Organization European region.
    Methods: We reflect on the existing debate and research evidence regarding the X value in an X*GDP per capita framework to monetise DALYs, with a focus on if 1*GDP per capita is conceptually and practically appropriate. Using an asthma case study, Global Burden of Disease study 2019 DALY estimates per country are presented. Gross domestic product per capita are converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity (Int$2019).
    Results: Using 1*GDP per capita, the estimated monetised asthma DALY burden, for example, in Kyrgyzstan or Germany is: across the whole population, $44,860,483 or $9,264,767,882, respectively; per 100,000 people, $731,600 or $10,208,317, respectively.
    Conclusions: Our indicative monetised DALY estimates can enable informed discussions with policy and decision makers, to guide financial investment in alleviating the burden of lung conditions. We suggest 1*GDP per capita as a benchmarked value forms a starting point for negotiation with policymakers for investing in lung care, by scaling the estimated lung condition DALY burden to the resource available in each country to tackle the burden.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; World Health Organization ; Asthma ; Lung
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-11
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2171420-4
    ISSN 1179-1896 ; 1175-5652
    ISSN (online) 1179-1896
    ISSN 1175-5652
    DOI 10.1007/s40258-023-00802-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Mixed farming and agroforestry systems: A systematic review on value chain implications

    Low, Guy / Dalhaus, Tobias / Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.

    Agricultural Systems. 2023 Mar., v. 206 p.103606-

    2023  

    Abstract: Mixed farming and agroforestry systems (MiFAS) are widely proposed to deal with ecological, economic, and social challenges that are associated with specialised farming systems. However, little is known about how MiFAS are integrated in food value chains ...

    Abstract Mixed farming and agroforestry systems (MiFAS) are widely proposed to deal with ecological, economic, and social challenges that are associated with specialised farming systems. However, little is known about how MiFAS are integrated in food value chains and how value creation in MiFAS is rewarded by value chain actors. We review the broad literature on MiFAS (80 papers) with a particular focus on implications for food value chains. We use thematic analysis to code existing evidence and categorise these codes into four major themes: MiFAS value creation, Impacts of the farming environment on value creation, Ecosystem service valuation, and Supply & value chain integration. From here, we produce meta-narratives to summarise the literature within each theme. In a second step, we use these literature insights to develop possible value chain configurations that operationalise MiFAS in food value chains. We find that: a) integrating farming enterprises tends to improve yields and land-use efficiency and can reduce variable costs; b) MiFAS seem to face significant challenges with respect to fixed costs, such as of capital investments, and of labour; c) high opportunity costs associated with MiFAS can be a drawback for farms seeking to become more integrated as limited knowledge and the time to establish profitable MiFAS can deter adoption; d) sources of value creation within MiFAS stem from its ability to reduce variable costs as well as maintain or raise inputs, primarily by improving the efficiency of resources such as nutrients and land; and e) inter-farmer partnerships and collaboration have the potential to shorten MiFAS supply chains and extend value capture for farmers by allowing them greater ownership of value created. In total, insights into value chain implications of MiFAS are scarce. Therefore, our research delivers important implications for future research on MiFAS that should focus more on value chain implications of this emerging food production system.
    Keywords agroforestry ; capital ; ecosystem services ; food production ; labor ; land use ; nutritive value ; ownership ; supply chain ; systematic review ; Mixed farming ; Value chain ; Agroecological farming system ; Ecosystem service valuation ; Resilience
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 413255-5
    ISSN 0308-521X
    ISSN 0308-521X
    DOI 10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103606
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Developing a Mobile App (iGAM) to Promote Gingival Health by Professional Monitoring of Dental Selfies: User-Centered Design Approach.

    Tobias, Guy / Spanier, Assaf B

    JMIR mHealth and uHealth

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 8, Page(s) e19433

    Abstract: Background: Dental visits are unpleasant; sometimes, patients only seek treatment when they are in intolerable pain. Recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for remote communication when patients and dentists cannot ... ...

    Abstract Background: Dental visits are unpleasant; sometimes, patients only seek treatment when they are in intolerable pain. Recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for remote communication when patients and dentists cannot meet in person. Gingivitis is very common and characterized by red, swollen, bleeding gums. Gingivitis heals within 10 days of professional care and with daily, thorough oral hygiene practices. If left untreated, however, its progress may lead to teeth becoming mobile or lost. Of the many medical apps currently available, none monitor gingivitis.
    Objective: This study aimed to present a characterization and development model of a mobile health (mHealth) app called iGAM, which focuses on periodontal health and improves the information flow between dentists and patients.
    Methods: A focus group discussed the potential of an app to monitor gingivitis, and 3 semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted on the use of apps for monitoring gum infections. We used a qualitative design process based on the Agile approach, which incorporated the following 5 steps: (1) user story, (2) use cases, (3) functional requirements, (4) nonfunctional requirements, and (5) Agile software development cycles. In a pilot study with 18 participants aged 18-45 years and with different levels of health literacy, participants were given a toothbrush, toothpaste, mouthwash, toothpicks, and dental floss. After installing iGAM, they were asked to photograph their gums weekly for 4 weeks.
    Results: All participants in the focus group believed in the potential of a mobile app to monitor gingivitis and reduce its severity. Concerns about security and privacy issues were discussed. From the interviews, 2 themes were derived: (1) "what's in it for me?" and (2) the need for a take-home message. The 5 cycles of development highlighted the importance of communication between dentists, app developers, and the pilot group. Qualitative analysis of the data from the pilot study showed difficulty with: (1) the camera, which was alleviated with the provision of mouth openers, and (2) the operation of the phone, which was alleviated by changing the app to be fully automated, with a weekly reminder and an instructions document. Final interviews showed satisfaction.
    Conclusions: iGAM is the first mHealth app for monitoring gingivitis using self-photography. iGAM facilitates the information flow between dentists and patients between checkups and may be useful when face-to-face consultations are not possible (such as during the COVID-19 pandemic).
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Dental Care/methods ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Gingivitis/prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mobile Applications ; Pandemics ; Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data ; Photography ; Pilot Projects ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Qualitative Research ; Telemedicine ; User-Computer Interface ; Young Adult
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-14
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719220-9
    ISSN 2291-5222 ; 2291-5222
    ISSN (online) 2291-5222
    ISSN 2291-5222
    DOI 10.2196/19433
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Modified Gingival Index (MGI) Classification Using Dental Selfies

    Guy Tobias / Assaf B. Spanier

    Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 8923, p

    2020  Volume 8923

    Abstract: Background : Gum diseases are prevalent in a large proportion of the population worldwide. Unfortunately, most people do not follow a regular dental checkup schedule, and only seek treatment when experiencing acute pain. We aim to provide a system for ... ...

    Abstract Background : Gum diseases are prevalent in a large proportion of the population worldwide. Unfortunately, most people do not follow a regular dental checkup schedule, and only seek treatment when experiencing acute pain. We aim to provide a system for classifying gum health status based on the MGI (Modified Gingival Index) score using dental selfies alone. Method: The input to our method is a manually cropped tooth image and the output is the MGI classification of gum health status. Our method consists of a cascade of two stages of robust, accurate, and highly optimized binary classifiers optimized per tooth position. Results: Dataset constructed from a pilot study of 44 participants taking dental selfies using our iGAM app. From each such dental selfie, eight single-tooth images were manually cropped, producing a total of 1520 images. The MGI score for each image was determined by a single examiner dentist. On a held-out test-set our method achieved an average AUC (Area Under the Curve) score of 95%. Conclusion: The paper presents a new method capable of accurately classifying gum health status based on the MGI score given a single dental selfie. Enabling personal monitoring of gum health—particularly useful when face-to-face consultations are not possible.
    Keywords mobile app ; gum diseases ; AutoML ; classification ; COVID-19 pandemic ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 670
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Caries prevalence and water fluoridation in Israel: a cross-sectional study.

    Tobias, Guy / Khaimov, Alexander / Zini, Avraham / Sgan-Cohen, Harod David / Mann, Jonathan / Chotiner Bar-Yehuda, Yael / Aflalo, Efrat / Vered, Yuval

    Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985)

    2024  Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 166–172

    Abstract: Objectives: To assess the effect of Community Water Fluoridation (CWF) in the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in 12-year-old children living in Israel. Considering that CWF is important in the prevention of dental caries. Between 2002 ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To assess the effect of Community Water Fluoridation (CWF) in the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in 12-year-old children living in Israel. Considering that CWF is important in the prevention of dental caries. Between 2002 and 2014, the water in communities of at least 5,000 individuals was fluoridated. In 2014, CWF in Israel stopped.
    Method and materials: Data on 12-year-old children from all areas in Israel from the national cross-sectional epidemiological survey conducted in 2011 to 2012 were stratified by city water fluoridation and by city and school socioeconomic status. Two dependent variables were defined: (1) DMFT index of caries experience in the permanent dentition; (2) dental fluorosis in central incisors using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov classification of fluorosis.
    Results: Data from 2,181 12-year-olds were analyzed. The average DMFT was 1.17 ± 1.72, and 49% were caries-free. Based on DMFT, the caries experience was significantly higher in nonfluoridated cities (1.38 vs 0.98 in fluoridated cities) and there were more caries-free children in fluoridated cities (56.4% vs 40.6% in nonfluoridated). DMFT was higher in cities with lower socioeconomic status than high socioeconomic status (1.29 vs 1.05, respectively, P < .001) and there were fewer caries-free children in low socioeconomic status cities (44.5% vs 53.0% in high socioeconomic status cities, P < .0001). Almost all the 10.3% of children with signs of fluorosis (scoring at least 1 in the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index), had questionable to mild fluorosis (9.3%).
    Conclusions: CWF is a cheap, simple method of dental health protection that reaches all socioeconomic levels, and cessation of water fluoridation reduced the health of Israel's children.
    Clinical significance: Water fluoridation provides substantial caries prevention, by reaching a substantial number of people. The relevance of this work is for policymakers to consider CWF as clinically proven method for reducing health inequalities.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Dental Caries/epidemiology ; Dental Caries/prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology ; Fluoridation ; Prevalence ; Israel/epidemiology ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; DMF Index
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 7436-6
    ISSN 1936-7163 ; 0033-6572
    ISSN (online) 1936-7163
    ISSN 0033-6572
    DOI 10.3290/j.qi.b5003045
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Impact of climate change on surgery

    Tina Bharani / Rebecca Achey / Harris Jamal / Alexis Cherry / Malcolm K. Robinson / Guy J. Maddern / Deirdre K Tobias / Divyansh Agarwal

    The Journal of Climate Change and Health, Vol 15, Iss , Pp 100285- (2024)

    A scoping review to define existing knowledge and identify gaps

    1481  

    Abstract: With climate change accelerated at a worrisome rate, global warming also will have implications for surgery and surgical practice. The goal of this current study was to systematically survey the literature and better understand how climate change has ... ...

    Abstract With climate change accelerated at a worrisome rate, global warming also will have implications for surgery and surgical practice. The goal of this current study was to systematically survey the literature and better understand how climate change has affected surgical disease burden, surgical care delivery, and surgical outcomes. We performed a comprehensive scoping review, screening 3334 unique citations from three databases – 1766 from Embase, 1329 from Pubmed and 239 from Scopus – to identify studies that had associated climate change with surgery. After systematic searching, quality appraisal, and data extraction, we synthesized findings from qualitative and quantitative studies. Twenty-six studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The studies associating climate change with surgery spanned all surgical subspecialties, although most notable examples came from urology, trauma surgery, and burns and reconstructive surgery. Although there is increasingly strong evidence for how climate change might affect surgery, there is a paucity of research attempting to establish a more direct correlation or causal link between the two. Additionally, we identified several studies that did not directly address climate change but instead focused on chronobiology and its effects on surgery, highlighting directions for future research. The existing evidence, despite its limitations, generates hypotheses for future work, implicating climate change as an independent contributor towards increased surgical disease burden, decreased surgical care delivery, and worsened surgical outcomes.
    Keywords Climate change ; Surgery ; Global warming ; Surgical care ; Preoperative outcomes ; Disease burden ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Meteorology. Climatology ; QC851-999
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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