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Article: Editorial for the Special Issue of Monitoring Anticoagulants.

Amiral, Jean

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: This Special Issue focuses on monitoring anticoagulant therapies and presents all the most recent updates introduced for laboratory practice, which benefit anticoagulated patients [ ... ]. ...

Abstract	This Special Issue focuses on monitoring anticoagulant therapies and presents all the most recent updates introduced for laboratory practice, which benefit anticoagulated patients [...].
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines10010155
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Editorial for the Special Issue of Monitoring Anticoagulants

Jean Amiral

Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 155, p

2022 Volume 155

Abstract: This Special Issue focuses on monitoring anticoagulant therapies and presents all the most recent updates introduced for laboratory practice, which benefit anticoagulated patients [.] ...

Abstract	This Special Issue focuses on monitoring anticoagulant therapies and presents all the most recent updates introduced for laboratory practice, which benefit anticoagulated patients [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Extra cellular vesicles in blood circulation as biomarkers and messengers of patho-hysiological activity and alterations.

Amiral, Jean

Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis

2021 Volume 60, Issue 4, Page(s) 103209

Abstract: There is an increasing interest in Extracellular Vesicles released by many cells through membrane shedding. In addition to cell signaling, these particles are true messenger cargos, which can carry cell surface proteins, miRNAs and non-coding RNAs to ... ...

Abstract	There is an increasing interest in Extracellular Vesicles released by many cells through membrane shedding. In addition to cell signaling, these particles are true messenger cargos, which can carry cell surface proteins, miRNAs and non-coding RNAs to other and distant cells. They are part of the inter-cellular crosstalk and they contribute to transferring biological messages far away from the triggering event. EVs are biomarkers of many diseases, including thrombo-embolic pathology, infections, neurological or metabolic disorders, and malignancy. Their role and significance are presented and discussed in this short review, as consequences of disease and causes of its progression. But they can also be beneficial for tissue healing or repair, and they can be prepared in vitro to be used for cell- targeted treatments. Many identification and measurement methods for EV's are sophisticated, which restricts their use to research studies, but they have, nevertheless, a high laboratory potential for diagnosis, prognosis and evolution as follow-up of many pathologies. New emerging laboratory tools offer more friendly and easy applications for characterizing EVs and testing their associated activity, especially for the procoagulant ones.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Cell Communication ; Circulating MicroRNA/blood ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Humans ; Infections/blood ; Metabolic Diseases/blood ; Neoplasms/blood ; Nervous System Diseases/blood ; RNA, Neoplasm/blood ; Thromboembolism/blood
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Circulating MicroRNA ; RNA, Neoplasm
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2046795-3
ISSN	1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
ISSN (online)	1878-1683
ISSN	1473-0502
DOI	10.1016/j.transci.2021.103209
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Article ; Online: Measurement of blood activation markers applied to the early diagnosis of cardiovascular alterations.

Amiral, Jean

Expert review of molecular diagnostics

2019 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 85–98

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Coagulation Factors/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Exosomes/metabolism ; Hemostasis ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Blood Coagulation Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2112530-2
ISSN	1744-8352 ; 1473-7159
ISSN (online)	1744-8352
ISSN	1473-7159
DOI	10.1080/14737159.2020.1704258
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Zs.A 6073: Show issues

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Article: Autoimmune complications of COVID-19 and potential consequences for long-lasting disease syndromes.

Amiral, Jean / Seghatchian, Jerard

Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis

2022 Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 103625

Abstract: The latest WHO report determined the increasing diversity within the CoV-2 omicron and its descendent lineages. Some heavily mutated offshoots of BA.5 and BA.2, such as BA.4.6, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and BA.2.75, are responsible for about 20% of infections and ... ...

Abstract	The latest WHO report determined the increasing diversity within the CoV-2 omicron and its descendent lineages. Some heavily mutated offshoots of BA.5 and BA.2, such as BA.4.6, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and BA.2.75, are responsible for about 20% of infections and are spreading rapidly in multiple countries. It is a sign that Omicron subvariants are now developing a capacity to be more immune escaping and may contribute to a new wave of COVID-19. Covid-19 infections often induce many alterations in human physiological defense and the natural control systems, with exacerbated activation of the inflammatory and homeostatic response, as for any infectious diseases. Severe activation of the early phase of hemostatic components, often occurs, leading to thrombotic complications and often contributing to a lethal outcome selectively in certain populations. Development of autoimmune complications increases the disease burden and lowers its prognosis. While the true mechanism still remains unclear, it is believed to mainly be related to the host autoimmune responses as demonstrated, only in some patients suffering from the presence of autoantibodies that worsens the disease evolution. In fact in some studies the development of autoantibodies to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was identified, and in other studies autoantibodies, thought to be targeting interferon or binding to annexin A1, or autoantibodies to phospholipids were seen. Moreover, the occurrence of autoimmune heparin induced thrombocytopenia has also been described in infected patients treated with heparin for controlling thrombogenicity. This commentary focuses on the presence of various autoantibodies reported so far in Covid-19 diseases, exploring their association with the disease course and the durability of some related symptoms. Attempts are also made to further analyze the potential mechanism of actions and link the presence of antibodies with pathological complications.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Syndrome ; Autoantibodies ; Disease Progression ; Hemostatics
Chemical Substances	Autoantibodies ; Hemostatics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2046795-3
ISSN	1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
ISSN (online)	1878-1683
ISSN	1473-0502
DOI	10.1016/j.transci.2022.103625
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Article: Optimization of Heparin Monitoring with Anti-FXa Assays and the Impact of Dextran Sulfate for Measuring All Drug Activity.

Amiral, Jean / Amiral, Cédric / Dunois, Claire

Biomedicines

2021 Volume 9, Issue 6

Abstract: Heparins, unfractionated or low molecular weight, are permanently in the spotlight of both clinical indications and laboratory monitoring. An accurate drug dosage is necessary for an efficient and safe therapy. The one-stage kinetic anti-FXa assays are ... ...

Abstract	Heparins, unfractionated or low molecular weight, are permanently in the spotlight of both clinical indications and laboratory monitoring. An accurate drug dosage is necessary for an efficient and safe therapy. The one-stage kinetic anti-FXa assays are the most widely and universally used with full automation for large series, without needing exogenous antithrombin. The WHO International Standards are available for UFH and LMWH, but external quality assessment surveys still report a high inter-assay variability. This heterogeneity results from the following: assay formulation, designed without or with dextran sulfate to measure all heparin in blood circulation; calibrators for testing UFH or LMWH with the same curve; and automation parameters. In this study, various factors which impact heparin measurements are reviewed, and we share our experience to optimize assays for testing all heparin anticoagulant activities in plasma. Evidence is provided on the usefulness of low molecular weight dextran sulfate to completely mobilize all of the drug present in blood circulation. Other key factors concern the adjustment of assay conditions to obtain fully superimposable calibration curves for UFH and LMWH, calibrators' formulations, and automation parameters. In this study, we illustrate the performances of different anti-FXa assays used for testing heparin on UFH or LMWH treated patients' plasmas and obtained using citrate or CTAD anticoagulants. Comparable results are obtained only when the CTAD anticoagulant is used. Using citrate as an anticoagulant, UFH is underestimated in the absence of dextran sulfate. Heparin calibrators, adjustment of automation parameters, and data treatment contribute to other smaller differences.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines9060700
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Article ; Online: Anti-Thrombin IgA in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma Leading to In Vitro Interference in Multiple Coagulation Tests and Confounding Diagnosis.

Irsara, Christian / Griesmacher, Andrea / Loacker, Lorin / Feistritzer, Clemens / Überbacher, Cosima Anna / Amiral, Jean

Hamostaseologie

2024

Abstract: Background: We report the case of a 59-year-old multiple myeloma patient in whom an anti-human thrombin IgA antibody led to prolonged in vitro coagulation times, suggesting inhibitors to all intrinsic coagulation factors in the absence of spontaneous ... ...

Title translation	Anti-Thrombin IgA in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma Leading to In Vitro Interference in Multiple Coagulation Tests and Confounding Diagnosis.
Abstract	Background: We report the case of a 59-year-old multiple myeloma patient in whom an anti-human thrombin IgA antibody led to prolonged in vitro coagulation times, suggesting inhibitors to all intrinsic coagulation factors in the absence of spontaneous bleeding. Methods: Routine and extensive special coagulation tests, in vivo bleeding time, and specific antibody testing were performed. Results: Although the patient did not suffer from spontaneous bleeding and had a normal in vivo bleeding time, the anti-human thrombin IgA autoantibody affected all coagulation assays involving human thrombin in vitro, mimicking inhibitors to intrinsic coagulation factors. As the IgA paraprotein and the IgA antibody virtually disappeared after autologous stem cell transplantation, the coagulation tests also largely normalized. Conclusion: Antibodies to human thrombin may interfere with all coagulation assays involving thrombin, imitating a severe coagulopathy. However, in vivo they do not necessarily lead to strongly increased bleeding tendency. Complex and ambiguous coagulation abnormalities should be evaluated and treated in an interdisciplinary setting, including a highly specialized coagulation laboratory, from the beginning.
Language	German
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	801512-0
ISSN	2567-5761 ; 0720-9355
ISSN (online)	2567-5761
ISSN	0720-9355
DOI	10.1055/a-2211-6841
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Article: Spotlight on the current perspectives on applications of human blood cell culture and organoids: Introductory remarks.

Seghatchian, Jerard / Amiral, Jean

Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis

2020 Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 102861

Abstract: Culture of blood cells, mainly erythrocytes, at industrial levels complying with cGMP regulations, aim to make them available, at large scale, any time and everywhere, when needed for transfusion, or laboratory applications. Understanding how blood cells ...

Abstract	Culture of blood cells, mainly erythrocytes, at industrial levels complying with cGMP regulations, aim to make them available, at large scale, any time and everywhere, when needed for transfusion, or laboratory applications. Understanding how blood cells differentiate and develop in-vivo, and mechanisms of differentiation and growth factors, has opened newer strategies for in-vitro culture from multipotent stem cells or immortalized lines. This offers interesting perspectives for obtaining such cultured bioproduct cells for medical applications. In addition, many attempts for preparing platelets in-vitro from megakaryocyte culture have been reported. Nevertheless, the quantities of functional viable platelets obtained are still not sufficient to envisage transfusion applications. Other strategic approaches concern culture of organoids, which can synthesize functional blood proteins, but still significant scale-up of yield needs to be addressed. Finally, considerable advances have been made in culturing specific lymphocytes for personalized immunotherapy of some cancer patients with highly promising results in certain applications. This concise mini report focuses on the progress made in these directions, and attempts are made to describe some newer perspectives.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Organoids/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2046795-3
ISSN	1878-1683 ; 1473-0502
ISSN (online)	1878-1683
ISSN	1473-0502
DOI	10.1016/j.transci.2020.102861
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Zs.A 1739: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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Article ; Online: Optimization of Heparin Monitoring with Anti-FXa Assays and the Impact of Dextran Sulfate for Measuring All Drug Activity

Jean Amiral / Cédric Amiral / Claire Dunois

Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 700, p

2021 Volume 700

Abstract	Heparins, unfractionated or low molecular weight, are permanently in the spotlight of both clinical indications and laboratory monitoring. An accurate drug dosage is necessary for an efficient and safe therapy. The one-stage kinetic anti-FXa assays are the most widely and universally used with full automation for large series, without needing exogenous antithrombin. The WHO International Standards are available for UFH and LMWH, but external quality assessment surveys still report a high inter-assay variability. This heterogeneity results from the following: assay formulation, designed without or with dextran sulfate to measure all heparin in blood circulation; calibrators for testing UFH or LMWH with the same curve; and automation parameters. In this study, various factors which impact heparin measurements are reviewed, and we share our experience to optimize assays for testing all heparin anticoagulant activities in plasma. Evidence is provided on the usefulness of low molecular weight dextran sulfate to completely mobilize all of the drug present in blood circulation. Other key factors concern the adjustment of assay conditions to obtain fully superimposable calibration curves for UFH and LMWH, calibrators’ formulations, and automation parameters. In this study, we illustrate the performances of different anti-FXa assays used for testing heparin on UFH or LMWH treated patients’ plasmas and obtained using citrate or CTAD anticoagulants. Comparable results are obtained only when the CTAD anticoagulant is used. Using citrate as an anticoagulant, UFH is underestimated in the absence of dextran sulfate. Heparin calibrators, adjustment of automation parameters, and data treatment contribute to other smaller differences.
Keywords	heparins ; anti-FXa assays ; automation ; calibration curves superimposition ; dextran sulfate ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: An Optimized and Standardized Rapid Flow Cytometry Functional Method for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Runser, Anne / Schaning, Caroline / Allemand, Frédéric / Amiral, Jean

Biomedicines

2021 Volume 9, Issue 3

Abstract: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a thrombocytopenia caused by heparin and mediated by an atypical immune mechanism leading to a paradoxical high thrombotic risk, associated with severe morbidity or death. The diagnosis of HIT combines a clinical ...

Abstract	Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a thrombocytopenia caused by heparin and mediated by an atypical immune mechanism leading to a paradoxical high thrombotic risk, associated with severe morbidity or death. The diagnosis of HIT combines a clinical scoring of pretest probability and laboratory testing. First-line routine tests are antigen binding assays detecting specific antibodies. The most sensitive of these tests have a high HIT-negative predictive value enabling HIT diagnosis to be ruled out when negative. However, HIT-positive predictive value is low, and a functional assay evaluating the pathogenicity of the antibodies should be performed to exclude false-positive results. In contrast to screening assays, functional assays are highly specific but technically challenging, and are thus performed in referral laboratories, where platelet activation is detected using radioactive serotonin (serotonin release assay, SRA) or visually (heparin-induced platelet activation, HIPA). Flow cytometry is a possible alternative. It is, however, currently not widely used, mostly because of the lack of standardization of the published assays. This article describes and discusses the standardization of a HIT flow cytometry assay (HIT-FCA) method, which subsequently led to the development and commercialization of a CE-marked assay (HIT Confirm
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines9030296
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