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  1. Article ; Online: Randomised clinical trial of extended depth of focus lenses for controlling myopia progression: Outcomes from SEED LVPEI Indian Myopia Study.

    Manoharan, Manoj K / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine the efficacy of extended depth of focus (EDOF) contact lenses for controlling myopia progression in children through a 1-year randomised clinical trial.: Methods: A total of 104 children aged 7-15 years, with spherical ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine the efficacy of extended depth of focus (EDOF) contact lenses for controlling myopia progression in children through a 1-year randomised clinical trial.
    Methods: A total of 104 children aged 7-15 years, with spherical equivalent refraction ≤-0.50 D, were randomly assigned to wear SEED 1 dayPure EDOF Mid contact lenses (n=48) or single vision spectacle lenses (n=56). Cycloplegic refraction with Shin-Nippon open field autorefractor and axial length with Lenstar LS 900 was determined at the baseline and 12-month visits. The compliance, visual discomfort and dryness questionnaires were administered during the final visit.
    Results: Sixty-nine children (control: n=38; treatment: 31) completed the 12-month follow-up visit, with no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups. Mean (SEM) myopia progression in the 12th month was -0.48±0.07D in the control group and -0.20±0.08D in the treatment group. Mean axial elongation was 0.22±0.03 mm and 0.11±0.03 mm in the control and treatment groups, respectively. SEED 1 dayPure EDOF Mid contact lenses slowed myopia progression by 59% (-0.28D; p=0.01) based on spherical equivalent refraction and controlled axial length by 49% (0.11 mm; p=0.007) in comparison to single vision spectacle lenses. None of the participants reported any adverse effects. While most of the participants (82%) were comfortable with the contact lenses, 11% reported occasional dryness and 14% experienced mild fluctuations in visual acuity after immediate lens wear.
    Conclusion: Daily wear of SEED 1 dayPure EDOF Mid contact lenses in Indian children showed a significant effect in controlling myopia progression and axial elongation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjo-2023-323651
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  2. Article ; Online: Accuracy and Precision of New Optical Biometer Designed for Myopia Management in Measurement of Ocular Biometry.

    Chamarty, Sruthi / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry

    2023  Volume 100, Issue 11, Page(s) 745–750

    Abstract: ... Lenstar LS900 to obtain axial length, flat K, and steep K. On a subset of 30 participants, measurements ... were considered. The short-term intersession mean standard deviation for axial length, flat K, and ... steep K was 0.06 mm, 0.15 D, and 0.21 D, respectively. There were statistically significant differences ...

    Abstract Significance: This study provides information about the repeatability of Myopia Master (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and its agreement with Lenstar LS900, which might be useful for the practitioners involved in myopia management.
    Purpose: Myopia Master is a new optical biometer that measures ocular biometry and refractive error. The purpose of this study was to assess its repeatability (intrasession and short-term intersession) and its agreement with Lenstar LS900 for the measurement of axial length and corneal curvature.
    Methods: A total of 304 participants including 254 children (mean ± standard deviation age, 13.7 ± 1.6 years) and 50 adults (24 ± 2.9 years) underwent measurements on Myopia Master and Lenstar LS900 to obtain axial length, flat K, and steep K. On a subset of 30 participants, measurements were obtained with Myopia Master in two sessions that were spread over 10 minutes to assess the short-term intersession repeatability.
    Results: The mean standard deviation of Myopia Master in the measurement of axial length in the total sample was 0.01 mm for intrasession, when the best three measurements were considered. The short-term intersession mean standard deviation for axial length, flat K, and steep K was 0.06 mm, 0.15 D, and 0.21 D, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in mean values of axial length (-0.04 ± 0.06 mm), flat K (-0.07 ± 0.15 D), and steep K (-0.24 ± 0.29 D) between Lenstar LS900 and Myopia Master, with the Lenstar providing slightly longer axial length and steeper K values. Adults showed better repeatability with Myopia Master and better agreement between the biometers for axial length measurement than children. Neither axial length nor refractive error influenced the repeatability or agreement.
    Conclusions: Myopia Master is repeatable for the measurement of axial length and corneal curvature. Considering the differences in axial length between the Myopia Master and Lenstar LS900, caution must be applied when these biometers are used interchangeably.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cornea ; Myopia/diagnosis ; Myopia/therapy ; Anterior Chamber ; Axial Length, Eye ; Biometry ; Tomography, Optical Coherence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1001706-9
    ISSN 1538-9235 ; 1040-5488
    ISSN (online) 1538-9235
    ISSN 1040-5488
    DOI 10.1097/OPX.0000000000002078
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  3. Article ; Online: Does being a myope reduce opportunities in the Indian armed forces?

    Verkicharla, Pavan K / Maddali, Santoshi

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 70, Issue 12, Page(s) 4463–4465

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Myopia ; Asian People
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-19
    Publishing country India
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2066_22
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  4. Article ; Online: Authors response: Greater axial elongation associated with low accommodative lag.

    Thakur, Swapnil / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 285–286

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Accommodation, Ocular ; Myopia/diagnosis ; Myopia/therapy ; Myopia/complications ; Refraction, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 604564-9
    ISSN 1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
    ISSN (online) 1475-1313
    ISSN 0275-5408
    DOI 10.1111/opo.13082
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  5. Article ; Online: Near work, light levels and dioptric profile - Which factor dominates and influence the short-term changes in axial length?

    Maldoddi, Rakesh / Thakur, Swapnil / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 939–941

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 604564-9
    ISSN 1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
    ISSN (online) 1475-1313
    ISSN 0275-5408
    DOI 10.1111/opo.13154
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  6. Article ; Online: Near work, light levels and dioptric profile - Which factor dominates and influences the short-term changes in axial length?

    Maldoddi, Rakesh / Thakur, Swapnil / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 426–434

    Abstract: Purpose: Given the agonistic nature of near work to promote axial elongation and the antagonistic nature of time outdoors to prevent myopia, we aimed to investigate the following: (a) how the short-term effect of near work performed outdoors (Experiment ...

    Abstract Purpose: Given the agonistic nature of near work to promote axial elongation and the antagonistic nature of time outdoors to prevent myopia, we aimed to investigate the following: (a) how the short-term effect of near work performed outdoors (Experiment 1) influences axial length and (b) how near work performed in two different dioptric profiles (uncluttered and cluttered) alters the changes in central axial length (Experiment 2).
    Methods: Forty-six adults (age range: 19-32 years) participated in the study. In Experiment 1, 22 participants completed a 15-min distance task and a reading task in both the outdoor (~30,000 lux) and indoor (~70 lux) locations. In Experiment 2, 24 participants performed the same reading task at a study desk in uncluttered and cluttered reading environments. Pre- and post-task ocular biometry measurements were performed for each session using a non-contact biometer.
    Results: In Experiment 1, a significant increase in axial length from baseline was found after performing reading tasks in both outdoor (mean ± SEM: +12.3 ± 3.4 μm, p = 0.001) and indoor locations (+11.9 ± 3.1 μm, p = 0.001). In Experiment 2, axial length increased significantly from baseline to post reading task, in both uncluttered (+17.9 ± 3.5 μm, p < 0.001) and cluttered reading environments (+19.2 ± 2.9 μm, p < 0.001). No significant changes in axial length were observed either between outdoor and indoor locations (p = 0.92) or between the uncluttered and cluttered reading environment (p = 0.75).
    Conclusion: Independent of light intensity (outdoor or indoor location) and dioptric profile of the near-work environment (uncluttered or cluttered), a 15-min reading task led to a significant increase in axial length. While the long-term effects of these findings need to be evaluated, practitioners should emphasise how near work can reduce the beneficial effects of time outdoors, while providing recommendations related to time outdoors for myopia control.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Eye ; Myopia/prevention & control ; Biometry ; Reading ; Refraction, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604564-9
    ISSN 1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
    ISSN (online) 1475-1313
    ISSN 0275-5408
    DOI 10.1111/opo.13103
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  7. Article ; Online: Time trends on the prevalence of myopia in India - A prediction model for 2050.

    Priscilla, Jacinth J / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 466–474

    Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to predict myopia prevalence in urban Indian children and to describe the generational effect of myopia in different age groups over the next three decades from the year 2020.: Methods: A systematic review of myopia ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to predict myopia prevalence in urban Indian children and to describe the generational effect of myopia in different age groups over the next three decades from the year 2020.
    Methods: A systematic review of myopia prevalence in India was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and included eight studies with 28 600 participants, which were published in the period 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2019. The best fit for the prediction model was assessed with the baseline prevalence data plotted against different years and fitted with multiple mathematical regressions (linear, second-order polynomial, third order polynomial and exponential). Based on the quality of the fit assessed by the coefficient of determination (R
    Results: The prevalence of myopia in 5 to 15-year-old urban children increased from 4.44% in 1999 to 21.15% in 2019. Our predictions, based on the slope of 0.8% every year (4.05% for every 5 years) indicate that the prevalence of myopia will increase to 31.89% in 2030, 40.01% in 2040 and 48.14% in 2050. Due to the generational effect (caused by the nature of the condition lasting a lifetime once developed), there will be an overall increase in myopia prevalence across all age groups of 10.53% in the next three decades (2020 to 2050).
    Conclusion: The estimates of myopia prevalence across all age groups indicate the possible future epidemic of myopia in India within a few decades, similar to the situation in East Asian countries, unless active intervention to prevent myopia and changes in lifestyle are instigated to counteract myopia in India. Meticulously designed eye care services with focussed anti-myopia strategies are needed to control the rising myopia prevalence in India.
    MeSH term(s) India/epidemiology ; Myopia/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 604564-9
    ISSN 1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
    ISSN (online) 1475-1313
    ISSN 0275-5408
    DOI 10.1111/opo.12806
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  8. Article ; Online: Greater axial elongation associated with low accommodative lag: new insights on accommodative lag theory for myopia.

    Thakur, Swapnil / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 1355–1362

    Abstract: Purpose: We aimed to test the accommodative lag and mechanical tension theories for myopia by assessing the influence of the lag of accommodation on axial elongation by using three different near targets that are known to influence the accommodative ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: We aimed to test the accommodative lag and mechanical tension theories for myopia by assessing the influence of the lag of accommodation on axial elongation by using three different near targets that are known to influence the accommodative response differently.
    Methods: Forty-two young adults were recruited for the study. Axial length was measured using a non-contact biometer, before and immediately after a 15 minute visual task, with one of the three near targets placed 20 cm from the eye: reading text from a paper, reading text from a smartphone and watching a video on a smartphone. The accommodative response was determined using an open-field autorefractor while the participants viewed the near target monocularly.
    Results: Lag of accommodation was significantly different for the three tasks: watching a video (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.92 ± 0.10 D); reading text on the smartphone (0.59 ± 0.08 D); and reading text on paper (0.24 ± 0.09 D). There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in axial length after reading text from a paper (10.5 ± 1.9 µm after 15-min) and reading text from a smartphone (5.2 ± 2.7 µm), but not after watching a video on a smartphone (-0.5 ± 1.7 µm, p = 0.47). Vitreous chamber depth increased significantly more with the reading tasks compared with watching a video (reading text from a paper and smartphone: 33.9 ± 4 µm and 31.7 ± 4 µm vs. watching a video on a smartphone: 14.6 ± 5 µm, p = 0.001).
    Conclusion: Greater changes in axial length associated with the low lag of accommodation failed to support the theory that lag of accommodation during visual tasks could be the trigger for axial elongation. Reading on paper and smartphone at the closest reading distance may stimulate high accommodative demand and axial elongation as a consequence, possibly due to increased "ciliary muscle tension" during accommodation.
    MeSH term(s) Accommodation, Ocular ; Anterior Eye Segment ; Humans ; Myopia/diagnosis ; Reading ; Smartphone ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604564-9
    ISSN 1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
    ISSN (online) 1475-1313
    ISSN 0275-5408
    DOI 10.1111/opo.12893
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  9. Article ; Online: Is There Any Association between Nutrition and Myopia? A Systematic Review.

    Chamarty, Sruthi / Gupta, Satish K / Dhakal, Rohit / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry

    2023  Volume 100, Issue 7, Page(s) 475–485

    Abstract: Significance: This systematic review highlights the possible role of nutrition in myopia based on qualitative analysis of vast and diverse literature that investigated this association.: Purpose: We systematically reviewed the outcomes of the studies ...

    Abstract Significance: This systematic review highlights the possible role of nutrition in myopia based on qualitative analysis of vast and diverse literature that investigated this association.
    Purpose: We systematically reviewed the outcomes of the studies that previously investigated the association between nutrition and myopia.
    Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched by two independent authors to identify cross-sectional, cohort, retrospective, or interventional studies that assessed the association of nutrition with myopia from inception to the year 2021. Furthermore, the reference list of the included articles was screened. The data from the included studies were extracted, and qualitative analysis was performed. Quality assessment for noninterventional studies and interventional trials was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane RoB 2, respectively.
    Results: Twenty-seven articles were included in the review. Most of the nutrients and dietary elements investigated in noninterventional studies showed inconsistencies in their association with myopia, with the majority indicating no association. Nine studies showed a significant association of diverse nutrients and dietary elements with either an increase (odds ratio, 1.07) or a decrease (odds ratio, 0.5 to 0.96) in the risk of myopia development. However, a majority of these studies have minimal odds ratios with wider or overlapping confidence intervals, implicating weaker associations. All three nutrients and dietary elements assessed in the interventional trial had implications for myopia control, with two trials indicating a clinically minimal effect.
    Conclusions: This review implies that there is some evidence to indicate a potential influence of specific nutrients and dietary elements in myopia development, which are supported by several theories. However, given the vast, diverse, and complex nature of nutrition, more systematic investigation is warranted to comprehend the extent to which these specific nutrients and dietary elements are associated with myopia through longitudinal studies by subduing the limitations in the existing literature.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1001706-9
    ISSN 1538-9235 ; 1040-5488
    ISSN (online) 1538-9235
    ISSN 1040-5488
    DOI 10.1097/OPX.0000000000002035
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  10. Article ; Online: Do Anisometropic Eyes Have Steeper Retinas Than Their Isometropic Counterparts?

    Manoharan, Manoj K / Atchison, David A / Verkicharla, Pavan K

    Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry

    2022  Volume 100, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–73

    Abstract: Significance: Our findings suggest that retinal shapes of the eyes of anisometropes are not different from that of the eyes of isometropes with the same refractions.: Purpose: We investigated ( a ) intereye differences in relative peripheral eye ... ...

    Abstract Significance: Our findings suggest that retinal shapes of the eyes of anisometropes are not different from that of the eyes of isometropes with the same refractions.
    Purpose: We investigated ( a ) intereye differences in relative peripheral eye lengths between isometropes and anisometropes and ( b ) if the retinal shape is different between isometropic and anisometropic eyes with the same central refraction.
    Methods: Central and peripheral eye lengths were determined along the horizontal meridian in 10° intervals out to ±30° using a noncontact biometer in 28 isometropes and 16 anisometropes. Retinal coordinates were estimated using these eye lengths and ray tracing. Retinal shape was determined in terms of vertex radius of curvature ( Rv ), asphericity ( Q ), and equivalent radius of curvature ( REq ). Linear regression was determined for the REq as functions of central refraction in a subset of isometropic and anisometropic eyes having the same refraction.
    Results: The differences in relative peripheral eye lengths between the two eyes of anisometropes were significantly greater than for isometropes at ±30° eccentricities. Higher myopic eyes of anisometropes had smaller Rv , more negative Q , and smaller REq than the lower myopic eyes for both isometropes and anisometropes (mean ± standard error of the mean: Rv , 9.8 ± 0.5 vs. 11.7 ± 0.4 mm [ P = .002]; Q , -1.1 ± 0.2 vs. -0.5 ± 0.2 [ P = .03]; REq , 11.5 ± 0.3 vs. 12.4 ± 0.2 mm [ P = .01]). Intercepts and slopes of the linear regressions of REq in anisometropes and their isometropic counterparts with the same refraction were not significantly different from each other ( P > .05).
    Conclusions: Higher myopic eyes of anisometropes had similar retina shapes along the horizontal meridian to those of isometropic eyes with the same refraction.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Refraction, Ocular ; Myopia ; Retina
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1001706-9
    ISSN 1538-9235 ; 1040-5488
    ISSN (online) 1538-9235
    ISSN 1040-5488
    DOI 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001948
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