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Article ; Online: Evolution of SEEG Strategy: Stanford Experience.

Buch, Vivek P / Parvizi, Josef

2023 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–85

Abstract: Overall stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has a favorable risk profile, patient tolerability, and superior investigative capability of individualized 3-dimensional seizure onset activity over subdural electrodes. Further, our recent surgical approach ... ...

Abstract	Overall stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has a favorable risk profile, patient tolerability, and superior investigative capability of individualized 3-dimensional seizure onset activity over subdural electrodes. Further, our recent surgical approach to safely enable multinuclear thalamic propagation mapping can only be performed with SEEG. For these reasons, SEEG has become the gold standard of phase II monitoring at our institution, and believe the ability to develop precision network-centric approaches to therapy will be critical to enhance our ability to care for medically refractory, and importantly, even complex multifocal, generalized, or surgically refractory epilepsy patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1196855-2
ISSN	1558-1349 ; 1042-3680
ISSN (online)	1558-1349
ISSN	1042-3680
DOI	10.1016/j.nec.2023.08.003
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Article ; Online: Gaining Clarity on the Claritɣ Algorithm.

Parvizi, Josef / Gururangan, Kapil / Knickerbocker, Dan / Kamousi, Baharan / Woo, Raymond

Neurocritical care

2023 Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 539–540

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Algorithms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2381896-7
ISSN	1556-0961 ; 1541-6933
ISSN (online)	1556-0961
ISSN	1541-6933
DOI	10.1007/s12028-023-01797-z
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Article: The Cost of After-Hour Electroencephalography.

Ney, John P / Nuwer, Marc R / Hirsch, Lawrence J / Burdelle, Mark / Trice, Kellee / Parvizi, Josef

Neurology. Clinical practice

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e200264

Abstract: Background and objectives: High costs associated with after-hour electroencephalography (EEG) constitute a barrier for financially constrained hospitals to provide this neurodiagnostic procedure outside regular working hours. Our study aims to deepen ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: High costs associated with after-hour electroencephalography (EEG) constitute a barrier for financially constrained hospitals to provide this neurodiagnostic procedure outside regular working hours. Our study aims to deepen our understanding of the cost elements involved in delivering EEG services during after-hours. Methods: We accessed publicly available data sets and created a cost model depending on 3 most commonly seen staffing scenarios: (1) technologist on-site, (2) technologist on-call from home, and (3) a hybrid of the two. Results: Cost of EEG depends on the volume of testing and the staffing plan. Within the various cost elements, labor cost of EEG technologists is the predominant expenditure, which varies across geographic regions and urban areas. Discussion: We provide a model to explain why access to EEGs during after-hours has a substantial expense. This model provides a cost calculator tool (made available as part of this publication in eAppendix 1, links.lww.com/CPJ/A513) to estimate the cost of EEG platform based on site-specific staffing scenarios and annual volume.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645818-4
ISSN	2163-0933 ; 2163-0402
ISSN (online)	2163-0933
ISSN	2163-0402
DOI	10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200264
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Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Successive Activations across the Human Brain during Simple Arithmetic Processing.

Pinheiro-Chagas, Pedro / Sava-Segal, Clara / Akkol, Serdar / Daitch, Amy / Parvizi, Josef

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2024 Volume 44, Issue 17

Abstract: Previous neuroimaging studies have offered unique insights about the spatial organization of activations and deactivations across the brain; however, these were not powered to explore the exact timing of events at the subsecond scale combined with a ... ...

Abstract	Previous neuroimaging studies have offered unique insights about the spatial organization of activations and deactivations across the brain; however, these were not powered to explore the exact timing of events at the subsecond scale combined with a precise anatomical source of information at the level of individual brains. As a result, we know little about the order of engagement across different brain regions during a given cognitive task. Using experimental arithmetic tasks as a prototype for human-unique symbolic processing, we recorded directly across 10,076 brain sites in 85 human subjects (52% female) using the intracranial electroencephalography. Our data revealed a remarkably distributed change of activity in almost half of the sampled sites. In each activated brain region, we found juxtaposed neuronal populations preferentially responsive to either the target or control conditions, arranged in an anatomically orderly manner. Notably, an orderly successive activation of a set of brain regions-anatomically consistent across subjects-was observed in individual brains. The temporal order of activations across these sites was replicable across subjects and trials. Moreover, the degree of functional connectivity between the sites decreased as a function of temporal distance between regions, suggesting that the information is partially leaked or transformed along the processing chain. Our study complements prior imaging studies by providing hitherto unknown information about the timing of events in the brain during arithmetic processing. Such findings can be a basis for developing mechanistic computational models of human-specific cognitive symbolic systems.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Young Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Electrocorticography
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2118-22.2024
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Article ; Online: Fidelity of first-person reports following intracranial neuromodulation of the human brain: An empirical assessment of sham stimulation in neurosurgical patients.

Fox, Kieran C R / Parvizi, Josef

Brain stimulation

2020 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 77–79

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2394410-9
ISSN	1876-4754 ; 1935-861X
ISSN (online)	1876-4754
ISSN	1935-861X
DOI	10.1016/j.brs.2020.10.015
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Zs.A 6740: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cognitive refractory state caused by spontaneous epileptic high-frequency oscillations in the human brain.

Liu, Su / Parvizi, Josef

Science translational medicine

2020 Volume 11, Issue 514

Abstract: Epileptic brain tissue is often considered physiologically dysfunctional, and the optimal treatment of many patients with uncontrollable seizures involves surgical removal of the epileptic tissue. However, it is unclear to what extent the epileptic ... ...

Abstract	Epileptic brain tissue is often considered physiologically dysfunctional, and the optimal treatment of many patients with uncontrollable seizures involves surgical removal of the epileptic tissue. However, it is unclear to what extent the epileptic tissue is capable of generating physiological responses to cognitive stimuli and how cognitive deficits ensuing surgical resections can be determined using state-of-the-art computational methods. To address these unknowns, we recruited six patients with nonlesional epilepsies and identified the epileptic focus in each patient with intracranial electrophysiological monitoring. We measured spontaneous epileptic activity in the form of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), recorded stimulus-locked physiological responses in the form of physiological high-frequency broadband activity, and explored the interaction of the two as well as their behavioral correlates. Across all patients, we found abundant normal physiological responses to relevant cognitive stimuli in the epileptic sites. However, these physiological responses were more likely to be "seized" (delayed or missed) when spontaneous HFOs occurred about 850 to 1050 ms before, until about 150 to 250 ms after, the onset of relevant cognitive stimuli. Furthermore, spontaneous HFOs in medial temporal lobe affected the subjects' memory performance. Our findings suggest that nonlesional epileptic sites are capable of generating normal physiological responses and highlight a compelling mechanism for cognitive deficits in these patients. The results also offer clinicians a quantitative tool to differentiate pathological and physiological high-frequency activities in epileptic sites and to indirectly assess their possible cognitive reserve function and approximate the risk of resective surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/metabolism ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Humans ; Seizures/metabolism ; Seizures/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518854-9
ISSN	1946-6242 ; 1946-6234
ISSN (online)	1946-6242
ISSN	1946-6234
DOI	10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7830
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Article ; Online: Pupillary Dynamics Link Spontaneous and Task-Evoked Activations Recorded Directly from Human Insula.

Kucyi, Aaron / Parvizi, Josef

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2020 Volume 40, Issue 32, Page(s) 6207–6218

Abstract: Spontaneous activations within neuronal populations can emerge similarly to "task-evoked" activations elicited during cognitive performance or sensory stimulation. We hypothesized that spontaneous activations within a given brain region have comparable ... ...

Abstract	Spontaneous activations within neuronal populations can emerge similarly to "task-evoked" activations elicited during cognitive performance or sensory stimulation. We hypothesized that spontaneous activations within a given brain region have comparable functional and physiological properties to task-evoked activations. Using human intracranial EEG with concurrent pupillometry in 3 subjects (2 males, 1 female), we localized neuronal populations in the dorsal anterior insular cortex that showed task-evoked activations correlating positively with the magnitude of pupil dilation during a continuous performance task. The pupillary response peaks lagged behind insular activations by several hundreds of milliseconds. We then detected spontaneous activations, within the same neuronal populations of insular cortex, that emerged intermittently during a wakeful "resting state" and that had comparable electrophysiological properties (magnitude, duration, and spectral signature) to task-evoked activations. Critically, similar to task-evoked activations, spontaneous activations systematically preceded phasic pupil dilations with a strikingly similar temporal profile. Our findings suggest similar neurophysiological profiles between spontaneous and task-evoked activations in the human insula and support a clear link between these activations and autonomic functions measured by dynamics of pupillary dilation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attention ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pupil/physiology ; Reaction Time
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0435-20.2020
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Article ; Online: Intracranial Recordings of the Human Orbitofrontal Cortical Activity during Self-Referential Episodic and Valenced Self-Judgments.

Iravani, Behzad / Kaboodvand, Neda / Stieger, James R / Liang, Eugene Y / Lusk, Zoe / Fransson, Peter / Deutsch, Gayle K / Gotlib, Ian H / Parvizi, Josef

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2024 Volume 44, Issue 11

Abstract: We recorded directly from the orbital (oPFC) and ventromedial (vmPFC) subregions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in 22 (9 female, 13 male) epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring during an experimental task in ...

Abstract	We recorded directly from the orbital (oPFC) and ventromedial (vmPFC) subregions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in 22 (9 female, 13 male) epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring during an experimental task in which the participants judged the accuracy of self-referential autobiographical statements as well as valenced self-judgments (SJs). We found significantly increased high-frequency activity (HFA) in ∼13% of oPFC sites (10/18 subjects) and 16% of vmPFC sites (4/12 subjects) during both of these self-referential thought processes, with the HFA power being modulated by the content of self-referential stimuli. The location of these activated sites corresponded with the location of fMRI-identified limbic network. Furthermore, the onset of HFA in the vmPFC was significantly earlier than that in the oPFC in all patients with simultaneous recordings in both regions. In 11 patients with available depression scores from comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, we documented diminished HFA in the OFC during positive SJ trials among individuals with higher depression scores; responses during negative SJ trials were not related to the patients' depression scores. Our findings provide new temporal and anatomical information about the mode of engagement in two important subregions of the OFC during autobiographical memory and SJ conditions. Our findings from the OFC support the hypothesis that diminished brain activity during positive self-evaluations, rather than heightened activity during negative self-evaluations, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Judgment ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Epilepsy ; Memory, Episodic ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1634-23.2024
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Article ; Online: Causal mapping of human brain function.

Siddiqi, Shan H / Kording, Konrad P / Parvizi, Josef / Fox, Michael D

Nature reviews. Neuroscience

2022 Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) 361–375

Abstract: Mapping human brain function is a long-standing goal of neuroscience that promises to inform the development of new treatments for brain disorders. Early maps of human brain function were based on locations of brain damage or brain stimulation that ... ...

Abstract	Mapping human brain function is a long-standing goal of neuroscience that promises to inform the development of new treatments for brain disorders. Early maps of human brain function were based on locations of brain damage or brain stimulation that caused a functional change. Over time, this approach was largely replaced by technologies such as functional neuroimaging, which identify brain regions in which activity is correlated with behaviours or symptoms. Despite their advantages, these technologies reveal correlations, not causation. This creates challenges for interpreting the data generated from these tools and using them to develop treatments for brain disorders. A return to causal mapping of human brain function based on brain lesions and brain stimulation is underway. New approaches can combine these causal sources of information with modern neuroimaging and electrophysiology techniques to gain new insights into the functions of specific brain areas. In this Review, we provide a definition of causality for translational research, propose a continuum along which to assess the relative strength of causal information from human brain mapping studies and discuss recent advances in causal brain mapping and their relevance for developing treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/physiology ; Brain Diseases ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Humans ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Neurosciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2034150-7
ISSN	1471-0048 ; 1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
ISSN (online)	1471-0048
ISSN	1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
DOI	10.1038/s41583-022-00583-8
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Zs.A 5473: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Pre-stimulus gamma power in human posteromedial cortex shows supra-modal mechanisms in predicting the amplitude and latency of task-induced suppression.

Ma, Jie / Shen, Lu / Song, Li / Guo, Qiang / Parvizi, Josef / Han, Biao / Chen, Qi

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

2023 Volume 33, Issue 12, Page(s) 7843–7856

Abstract: Upon repetitively performing the same well-practiced task on identical bottom-up stimuli, our performance still varies. Although it has been well documented that elevated pre-stimulus baseline activity in the human default-mode network impairs the ... ...

Abstract	Upon repetitively performing the same well-practiced task on identical bottom-up stimuli, our performance still varies. Although it has been well documented that elevated pre-stimulus baseline activity in the human default-mode network impairs the subsequent task performance, it remains unknown (i) the fine-grained temporal dynamics and (ii) whether the underlying neural dynamics are supra-modal or modality-specific. We utilized intracranial recordings in the human posteromedial cortex (PMC) during a simple visual and an auditory detection task. Our findings suggested that the pre-stimulus gamma power in PMC predicted the subsequent task performance. Critically, the higher the pre-stimulus gamma power, the longer it took for it to be suppressed, and the less suppressed it was during the task performance, which eventually resulted in deleterious effects on task performance, i.e. longer reaction times. These fine-grained temporal dynamics were consistent between the visual and auditory simple detection task. In addition, a direct comparison between the visual and auditory modality showed that the between-modality difference emerged during the recovery period from the maximal gamma suppression back to the baseline. Taken together, the present results contribute novel spatio-temporal mechanisms in human PMC on how simple detection performance varies across multiple repetitions, irrespective of the sensory modality involved.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Cerebral Cortex ; Reaction Time ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Auditory Perception ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Visual Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1077450-6
ISSN	1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
ISSN (online)	1460-2199
ISSN	1047-3211
DOI	10.1093/cercor/bhad083
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