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Article ; Online: Papaverine attenuates the progression of alpha naphthylisothiocyanate induce cholestasis in rats.

Atshan, Doaa Adnan / Zalzala, Munaf Hashim

Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery

2024 Volume 6, Page(s) 100177

Abstract: ... 48 h before sacrifice; group II rats were orally administered 100 mg/kg ANIT. Group III received ... of 100 mg/kg was orally administered on the fifth day; group II and III animals were euthanized 48 h ...

Abstract	Cholestasis is a hepatobiliary condition that manifests as acute or chronic and results from disruptions in the bile flow, formation, or secretion processes. The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a vital target for the therapy of cholestasis since it regulates BA homeostasis. Despite the discovery of multiple active FXR agonists, there are still no effective treatments for cholestasis. Papaverine is identified as an FXR agonist.This study investigates papaverine's efficacy and probable mechanism in protecting against alpha naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced cholestasis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups, each with ten rats. Group I (control) rats were administered 1 mL/kg corn oil 48 h before sacrifice; group II rats were orally administered 100 mg/kg ANIT. Group III received a 200 mg/kg dosage of papaverine over seven consecutive days. A single dose of ANIT at a concentration of 100 mg/kg was orally administered on the fifth day; group II and III animals were euthanized 48 h after inducing cholestasis, and serum concentrations of liver function tests and total bile acid (TBA) were measured. Besides measuring the inflammatory mediator's tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1β), antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were also assessed. The findings indicated the enhancement in the liver function test and total bile acids, as well as in liver histology; papaverine significantly lowered TNF-α and IL-1β while SOD and GSH significantly increased. Additionally, papaverine upregulates
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-2571
ISSN (online)	2590-2571
DOI	10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100177
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Article: Diagnosis of COVID-19: facts and challenges.

Zalzala, H H

New microbes and new infections

2020 Volume 38, Page(s) 100761

Abstract: At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, then spread rapidly across the country and throughout the world. The causative agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); according to ... ...

Abstract	At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, then spread rapidly across the country and throughout the world. The causative agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, this virus has a nucleic acid sequence that is different from other known coronaviruses but has some similarity to the beta coronavirus identified in bats. Coronaviruses are a large virus group of enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA. They are divided into four genera-alpha, beta, delta and gamma-and alpha and beta coronaviruses are known to infect humans. Rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19 is a challenging issue for physicians and other healthcare personnel. The sensitivity and specificity of the clinical, radiologic and laboratory tests used to diagnose COVID-19 are variable and largely differ in efficacy depending on the disease's stage of presentation.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2750179-6
ISSN	2052-2975
ISSN	2052-2975
DOI	10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100761
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Article ; Online: Diagnosis of COVID-19

Zalzala, H.H.

New Microbes and New Infections

facts and challenges

2020 Volume 38, Page(s) 100761

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2750179-6
ISSN	2052-2975
ISSN	2052-2975
DOI	10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100761
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Article: Berbamine and thymoquinone exert protective effects against immune-mediated liver injury

Kathem, Sarmed H / Abdulsahib, Waleed K / Zalzala, Munaf H

Frontiers in veterinary science

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 960981

Abstract: ... sacrificed after 8 h and prepared for liver and blood collection.: Results: ConA administration increased ...

Abstract	Background: Immune-mediated hepatitis is a severe impendence to human health, and no effective treatment is currently available. Therefore, new, safe, low-cost therapies are desperately required. Berbamine (BE), a natural substance obtained primarily from Aim: This current study's aims was to examine the protective impacts of BE and TQ in Concanavalin A (ConA)- induced acute liver injury and the action's underlying mechanism. Methods: sixty mice of both sexes were used and divided into four groups (each group with six mice) as follows: Group I obtained distilled water (negative control group). Group II received distilled water with a single dose of 0.1 ml ConA (20 mg/kg) on day 4 by retro-orbital route (model group). Groups III and IV received BE (30 mg/kg/day) and TQ (25 mg/kg/day), respectively, by oral gavage for four successive days, with a single dose of ConA (20 mg/kg) on day 4, then all animals were sacrificed after 8 h and prepared for liver and blood collection. Results: ConA administration increased the ALT, AST, TNF-α, INFγ, and NF-κB significantly ( Conclusion: Both BE and TQ prominently attenuated ConA immune-mediated liver injury. These findings give a remarkable insight into developing a new therapeutic agent for treating hepatitis and other autoimmune diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2022.960981
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Article ; Online: Diagnosis of COVID-19

H.H. Zalzala

New Microbes and New Infections, Vol 38, Iss , Pp 100761- (2020)

facts and challenges

2020

Abstract	At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, then spread rapidly across the country and throughout the world. The causative agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, this virus has a nucleic acid sequence that is different from other known coronaviruses but has some similarity to the beta coronavirus identified in bats. Coronaviruses are a large virus group of enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA. They are divided into four genera—alpha, beta, delta and gamma—and alpha and beta coronaviruses are known to infect humans. Rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19 is a challenging issue for physicians and other healthcare personnel. The sensitivity and specificity of the clinical, radiologic and laboratory tests used to diagnose COVID-19 are variable and largely differ in efficacy depending on the disease's stage of presentation.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; CRISPR ; ELISA ; LAMP ; lateral flow immunoassay ; PCR ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Viral etiology of severe lower respiratory tract infections in SARS-CoV-2 negative hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.

Altawalah, Haya / Alfouzan, Wadha / Al-Fadalah, Talal / Zalzala, Mariam Ali / Ezzikouri, Sayeh

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) e29855

Abstract: Background: The prevalence of respiratory infections is largely underexplored in Kuwait. The aim of our study is to determine the etiology of infections from patients who are SARS-CoV-2 negative hospitalized with severe lower respiratory tract ... ...

Abstract	Background: The prevalence of respiratory infections is largely underexplored in Kuwait. The aim of our study is to determine the etiology of infections from patients who are SARS-CoV-2 negative hospitalized with severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Kuwait during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among severe LRTI patients between September 2021 and March 2022. Respiratory samples from 545 non-COVID-19 severe LRTIs patients were prospectively evaluated with FTD Respiratory 21 Plus® real-time PCR, targeting 20 different viruses and 1 atypical bacterial pathogen. Results: Among all 545 hospitalized cases, 411 (75.4 %) tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. The most common were rhinovirus (HRV) (32.7 %), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (20.9 %), metapneumovirus (HMPV) (14.1 %), bocavirus (13.2 %), and influenza A (12.7 %). The proportion of pathogens detected was highest in the under-5 age group, while HKU1 (44.4 %) predominated in the elderly (>50 years). Conclusion: Our study reveals a high prevalence of respiratory viruses in severe acute lower respiratory tract infections among non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Kuwait. HRV remains the main etiology affecting the country, particularly in infants. These results underscore the necessity of employing multiplex PCR for accurate diagnosis and describing the epidemiology of infections among severe lower respiratory tract infections. This will facilitate the use of specific antiviral therapy and help avoid excessive or inappropriate antibiotic therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29855
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Article ; Online: Meaning-making processes across the lifespan: An investigation of the developmental course of metacognitive capacity.

Davis, Beshaun J / Bonfils, Kelsey A / Zalzala, Aieyat / Lysaker, Paul H / Minor, Kyle S

Schizophrenia research

2022 Volume 248, Page(s) 240–245

Abstract: Deficits in metacognitive capacity (i.e., the ability to integrate knowledge of oneself and others into a cohesive whole) have been shown to lead to poor functional outcome in psychosis. However, there is a gap in the literature concerning the role of ... ...

Abstract	Deficits in metacognitive capacity (i.e., the ability to integrate knowledge of oneself and others into a cohesive whole) have been shown to lead to poor functional outcome in psychosis. However, there is a gap in the literature concerning the role of metacognition in typically developing populations, which makes it difficult to define what level of metacognition is normative and at what point deficits in metacognition suggest pathology. To explore this issue, we utilized cross-sectional design to assess metacognitive capacities among 69 neurotypical adults whose ages varied from 18 to 65 using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale - Abbreviated (MAS-A) and then compared those with MAS-A scores from a second previously gathered sample of 360 adults diagnosed with psychosis across four key developmental windows: emerging adulthood, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. Our findings suggest that in our overall sample, individuals with psychosis had significantly lower levels of metacognitive capacity across all domains assessed by the MAS-A in comparison to neurotypical individuals. Additionally, our data suggest a deleterious effect of psychosis such that individuals with psychosis showed significantly lower metacognition in each developmental stage. Additionally, these differences were largest in emerging and late adulthood and for both groups awareness of others stood out as the single metacognitive domain which was significantly less impaired among older groups. Our results suggest a developmental course for metacognitive capacity such that awareness of others is the sole domain that grows over the lifespan.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Metacognition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Longevity ; Psychotic Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2022.09.008
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Article ; Online: Evaluating Factors Related to the Abuse of Oral Corticosteroids among Community Pharmacy Customers: Using Theory of Reasoned Action.

Alfetlawi, Bashar G / Al-Jumaili, Ali Azeez / Zalzala, Munaf H

Innovations in pharmacy

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Introduction: Although it is discouraged, community pharmacy customers can obtain oral corticosteroids (OCSs) without prescriptions from some community pharmacies in Iraq. Medication abuse is defined as the use of medication for non-medical reasons.: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Although it is discouraged, community pharmacy customers can obtain oral corticosteroids (OCSs) without prescriptions from some community pharmacies in Iraq. Medication abuse is defined as the use of medication for non-medical reasons. Objectives: The study aimed to determine demographics, beliefs, and perceptions associated with the abuse of oral corticosteroids for non-illness reasons among community pharmacy customers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in fall 2018 in four provinces in Iraq. Customers of 19 community pharmacies asking for OCSs for themselves without a prescription were administered a paper survey. This study used the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to measure the relationship between the motivational factors and the abuse of OCSs. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the use of OCSs for non-illness and six TRA factors: Normative belief, behavioral belief, evaluation of the behavior, motivation to comply, subjective norms and attitude toward behavior. Results: The study enrolled 141 participants (98 women and 43 men) taking asking for OCSs without prescription. Dexamethasone was the most commonly used OCSs (59.6%). Friends were the primary recommenders for corticosteroids abuse (28.4%). The main reasons for using OCSs were to increase appetite and gain weight (53.9 %). Approximately one-third (36.2 %) of the participants gained weight after using OCSs. The regression analysis of the TRA variables showed two factors were significantly related to the abuse of OCSs. Age had a significant inverse relationship with the abuse of OCSs and the "good appearance" belief had a significant positive association with OCS abuse. Conclusion: Some Iraqi community pharmacy customers use non-prescribed oral corticosteroids to increase appetite and gain weight. Improve body appearance represents the dominant incentive that urges people to use OCSs without prescription. Health officials and healthcare practitioners need to promote people's awareness about the risks of misusing OCSs through education programs and advertisements in public health settings, media, and social media.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2689516-X
ISSN	2155-0417 ; 2155-0417
ISSN (online)	2155-0417
ISSN	2155-0417
DOI	10.24926/iip.v11i1.2936
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Article ; Online: How psychosis interrupts the lives of women and men differently: a qualitative comparison.

Firmin, Ruth L / Zalzala, Aieyat B / Hamm, Jay A / Luther, Lauren / Lysaker, Paul H

Psychology and psychotherapy

2020 Volume 94, Issue 3, Page(s) 704–720

Abstract: Purpose: Psychosis disrupts how persons experience themselves and their lives. Despite knowledge that gender differences have been noted in presentation and course of psychosis symptoms, little is known about differences in how men and women experience ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Psychosis disrupts how persons experience themselves and their lives. Despite knowledge that gender differences have been noted in presentation and course of psychosis symptoms, little is known about differences in how men and women experience these disruptions. Method: The narratives of 26 men and 27 women diagnosed with psychosis, matched on age, education, and race, of the impact of psychosis on one's life, were compared. Using secondary data from semi-structured interviews, themes were identified using inductive, phenomenological qualitative analyses. Results: Women and men discussed psychosis-related interruptions to the roles and relationships that shape their identity. Both genders discussed the impact of psychosis on their sense of self, work, and relationships. Nuanced gender differences emerged, informing unique areas of challenge related to (1) parenting and loss of parenting roles, (2) work and loss or changes in work trajectories, (3) isolation and strain on interpersonal relationships, and (4) manifestations of stigma. Conclusions: Psychosis may disrupt distinct aspects of life for men and women. Each gender faces the intersection of socially informed expectations that impact one's experiences of stigma, expectations of others, and manifestations of losses felt in one's role and sense of identity. Findings inform important considerations for therapy and other services. Practitioner points: Gender-based socialized expectations, losses, and challenges that accompany psychosis are important areas for therapeutic consideration. Current treatments may neglect challenges that are more commonly experienced by women with psychosis.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Narration ; Parenting ; Psychotic Disorders ; Qualitative Research ; Social Stigma
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2063873-5
ISSN	2044-8341 ; 1476-0835
ISSN (online)	2044-8341
ISSN	1476-0835
DOI	10.1111/papt.12317
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Article ; Online: Effect of HLA-B27 on Development of Psoriatic Arthropathy

Galawisah A. Abdullah / Haider H. Zalzala

مجله كليه طب الكندي, Vol 14, Iss

2019 Volume 2

Abstract: Background: Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that can often affect some patients who suffer from psoriasis. Approximately 40-50% of individuals with psoriatic arthritis have the HLA-B27 genotype Objective: To investigate whether we could ... ...

Abstract	Background: Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that can often affect some patients who suffer from psoriasis. Approximately 40-50% of individuals with psoriatic arthritis have the HLA-B27 genotype Objective: To investigate whether we could confirm the role of HLA-B27 alleles and psoriatic arthritis in Iraqi Arab Muslims patients. Method: A cross sectional case control comparative study included thirty Iraqi Arab Muslims who had psoriatic arthritis that consulted the Dermatological and Rheumatological Department in AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital from November 2014 to June 2015. HLA-genotyping for HLA-B27 were assessed. A control group consisted of fifty-one healthy volunteers among the staff of Al-Kindy College of Medicine that did not have psoriatic arthritis or family history of psoriasis. HLA-B27allele was done by using an Exicycler TM 96 Real-time Quantitative Thermal Block (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea) and Accupower, HLA-B27 real-time PCR kit (Bioneer, Daejeon , Korea) Results: Plaque type psoriasis is more common than other types of psoriasis (66% versus 34%). There is no association between psoriatic arthritis and HLA-B27 with p-value of 0.1197 and Odds ratio (confidence interval) of 2.9375 (0.755-11.415). Conclusions: HLA B27 is not associated with psoriatic arthritis in Iraqi Arab Muslims patients.
Keywords	psoriatic arthritis ; HLA-B*27 ; PCR ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Baghdad/ Al-Kindy College of Medicine
Document type	Article ; Online
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