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Article ; Online: Diagnostic Value of Imaging Modalities for COVID-19: Scoping Review.

Aljondi, Rowa / Alghamdi, Salem

2020 Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) e19673

Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that causes severe respiratory illness. This pandemic represents a serious public health risk. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease progression. ...

Abstract	Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that causes severe respiratory illness. This pandemic represents a serious public health risk. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease progression. Radiological examination plays a crucial role in the early identification and management of infected patients. Objective: The aim of this review was to identify the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities used for diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords diagnostic imaging, radiology, respiratory infection, pneumonia, coronavirus infection and COVID-19 were used to identify radiology articles focusing on the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to determine the diagnostic value of various imaging modalities, including x-ray, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine for identification and management of infected patients. Results: We identified 50 articles in the literature search. Studies that investigated the diagnostic roles and imaging features of patients with COVID-19, using either chest CT, lung ultrasound, chest x-ray, or positron emission topography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, were discussed. Of these imaging modalities, chest x-ray and CT scan are the most commonly used for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, with chest CT scan being more accurate and sensitive in identifying COVID-19 at early stages. Only a few studies have investigated the roles of ultrasound and PET/CT scan in diagnosing COVID-19. Conclusions: Chest CT scan remains the most sensitive imaging modality in initial diagnosis and management of suspected and confirmed patients with COVID-19. Other diagnostic imaging modalities could add value in evaluating disease progression and monitoring critically ill patients with COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus/pathogenicity ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-19
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1438-8871
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1438-8871
DOI	10.2196/19673
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Mammographic Detection of Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabian Women

Rowa Aljondi / Salem Saeed Alghamdi / Abdulrahman Tajaldeen / Shareefah Alassiri / Monagi H. Alkinani / Thomas Bertinotti

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 21, p

2023 Volume 12087

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer has a 14.8% incidence rate and an 8.5% fatality rate in Saudi Arabia. Mammography is useful for the early detection of breast cancer. Researchers have been developing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for early breast ... ...

Abstract	Background: Breast cancer has a 14.8% incidence rate and an 8.5% fatality rate in Saudi Arabia. Mammography is useful for the early detection of breast cancer. Researchers have been developing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for early breast cancer diagnosis and reducing false-positive mammography results. The aim of this study was to examine the performance and accuracy of an AI system in breast cancer screening among Saudi women. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 378 mammograms collected from 2017 to 2021 from government hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The patients’ demographic and clinical information were collected from files and electronic medical records. The radiologists’ assessments of the mammograms were based on Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) scores. Follow-up or biopsy reports verified the radiologists’ findings. The MammoScreen system was the AI tool used in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Results: The patients’ mean age was 50.31 years. Most patients had breast density B (42.3%) followed by A (27.2%) and C (25.9%). Most malignant cases were invasive ductal carcinomas (37.3%). Of the 181 cancer cases, 36.9% were BIRADS category V. The area under the curve for the AI detection (0.923; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.893–0.954) was greater than that for the radiologists’ interpretation (0.838; 95% CI, 0.796–0.881). The AI detection agreed with the histopathological result in 167 positive (91.3%) and 182 negative cases (93.3%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of the AI system were 92.8%, 91.9%, 91.3%, 93.3%, and 92.3%, respectively. The radiologist’s interpretation agreed with the pathology report in 180 positive (73.8%) and 134 negative cases (100%). Its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 100%, 67.7%, 73.8%, 100%, and 83.1%, respectively. Conclusions : The AI system tested in this study had better accuracy ...
Keywords	artificial intelligence ; breast cancer ; mammography ; radiology ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Diagnostic Value of Imaging Modalities for COVID-19: Scoping Review

Aljondi, Rowa / Alghamdi, Salem

J Med Internet Res

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that causes severe respiratory illness. This pandemic represents a serious public health risk. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease progression. ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that causes severe respiratory illness. This pandemic represents a serious public health risk. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease progression. Radiological examination plays a crucial role in the early identification and management of infected patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to identify the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities used for diagnosis of COVID-19. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords diagnostic imaging, radiology, respiratory infection, pneumonia, coronavirus infection and COVID-19 were used to identify radiology articles focusing on the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to determine the diagnostic value of various imaging modalities, including x-ray, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine for identification and management of infected patients. RESULTS: We identified 50 articles in the literature search. Studies that investigated the diagnostic roles and imaging features of patients with COVID-19, using either chest CT, lung ultrasound, chest x-ray, or positron emission topography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, were discussed. Of these imaging modalities, chest x-ray and CT scan are the most commonly used for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, with chest CT scan being more accurate and sensitive in identifying COVID-19 at early stages. Only a few studies have investigated the roles of ultrasound and PET/CT scan in diagnosing COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Chest CT scan remains the most sensitive imaging modality in initial diagnosis and management of suspected and confirmed patients with COVID-19. Other diagnostic imaging modalities could add value in evaluating disease progression and monitoring critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #836083
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Diagnostic Value of Imaging Modalities for COVID-19

Aljondi, Rowa / Alghamdi, Salem

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol 22, Iss 8, p e

Scoping Review

2020 Volume 19673

Abstract: BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that causes severe respiratory illness. This pandemic represents a serious public health risk. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease progression. ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that causes severe respiratory illness. This pandemic represents a serious public health risk. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease progression. Radiological examination plays a crucial role in the early identification and management of infected patients. ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to identify the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities used for diagnosis of COVID-19. MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords diagnostic imaging, radiology, respiratory infection, pneumonia, coronavirus infection and COVID-19 were used to identify radiology articles focusing on the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to determine the diagnostic value of various imaging modalities, including x-ray, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine for identification and management of infected patients. ResultsWe identified 50 articles in the literature search. Studies that investigated the diagnostic roles and imaging features of patients with COVID-19, using either chest CT, lung ultrasound, chest x-ray, or positron emission topography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, were discussed. Of these imaging modalities, chest x-ray and CT scan are the most commonly used for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, with chest CT scan being more accurate and sensitive in identifying COVID-19 at early stages. Only a few studies have investigated the roles of ultrasound and PET/CT scan in diagnosing COVID-19. ConclusionsChest CT scan remains the most sensitive imaging modality in initial diagnosis and management of suspected and confirmed patients with COVID-19. Other diagnostic imaging modalities could add value in evaluating disease progression and monitoring critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JMIR Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of Midline Shift from CT Scans to Predict Outcome in Patients with Head Injuries

Ikhlas Abdelaziz / Rowa Aljondi / Ali B Alhailiy / Mustafa Z. Mahmoud

International Journal of Biomedicine, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 18-

2021 Volume 23

Abstract: Background: The present study aimed to detect the degree of midline shift from CT scans and the clinical status of the patient, to evaluate the relationship between the degree of midline shift found by the CT scan and GCS score as a predictor of clinical ...

Abstract	Background: The present study aimed to detect the degree of midline shift from CT scans and the clinical status of the patient, to evaluate the relationship between the degree of midline shift found by the CT scan and GCS score as a predictor of clinical outcome in head injury patients. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the relationship between midline shift and age, sex, and causes. Methods and Results: The study included 50 subjects (36 males and 14 females). The age range of the patients in this study was 18–95 years old (mean age of 48.34±17.02 years). The inclusion criteria were patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or patients evaluated for level of consciousness by a neurosurgeon. Toshiba 16 Slice CT scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems, Nasu, Japan 2003) was used to scan all patients in the supine, head first position. Contiguous 2 mm slices were obtained using the Toshiba 16-slice machine spiral technique (pitch 1.25–1.5, 0.75 s rotation time, 120 KvP, 2 mm reconstruction interval). The results indicated that the degree of midline shift in patients with brain injuries was statistically significant as a determinant of clinical outcome. It appeared that the probability of poor clinical outcome was higher when there was a combination of midline shift and other types of intracranial hemorrhage, clinical factors, such as sex, age, and GCS score, and associated injuries. The worst outcome was seen in patients with midline shift and subdural hematoma, when compared with other lesions in patients with brain injuries. Conclusion: This study suggests that the degree of midline shift may be predictive of clinical outcome in patients with head injuries.
Keywords	brain midline shift ; glasgow coma scale ; intracerebral hemorrhage ; intracranial pressure ; subdural hematoma ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Medical Research and Development Corporation
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Artery of Percheron Infarction: A Characteristic Pattern of Ischemia and Variable Clinical Presentation: A Literature Review.

Kheiralla, Osama / Alghamdi, Salem / Aljondi, Rowa / Tajaldeen, Abdulrahman / Bakheet, Adel

Current medical imaging

2020 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 669–674

Abstract: The Artery of Percheron (AOP) is an uncommon anatomic variant that provides arterial supply to the paramedian region of the thalami and bilaterally to the rostral part of the midbrain; it is a solitary arterial trunk that branches from a proximal segment ...

Abstract	The Artery of Percheron (AOP) is an uncommon anatomic variant that provides arterial supply to the paramedian region of the thalami and bilaterally to the rostral part of the midbrain; it is a solitary arterial trunk that branches from a proximal segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Although AOP infarction results in a characteristic pattern of ischemia-namely bilateral paramedian thalamic infarct with or without midbrain involvement-it may cause diagnostic difficulties due to the variety of its clinical presentations and wide differentials, as well as its small diameter and the difficulty of obtaining visualization through diagnostic imaging. Early neuroimaging of AOP infarction and correct diagnosis are mandatory for early initiation of the appropriate treatment and better patient outcomes. In this study, we discuss imaging the patterns of AOP infarction and its differentials and clinical presentation.
MeSH term(s)	Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Thalamus/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-13
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1573-4056
ISSN (online)	1573-4056
DOI	10.2174/1573405616666201130095801
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evaluation of Pediatric Imaging Modalities Practices of Radiologists and Technologists: A Survey-Based Study.

Tajaldeen, Abdulrahman / Kheiralla, Osama A Mabrouk / Alghamdi, Salem Saeed / Alsleem, Haney / Al-Othman, Abdullah / Abuelhia, Elfatih / Aljondi, Rowa

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 443–453

Abstract: Introduction: Radiation protection for pediatric patients is the main concern in pediatric computed tomography (CT) due to their sensitive organs, such as the brain and the thyroid glands. Accordingly, an optimization of pediatric CT practices is vital ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Radiation protection for pediatric patients is the main concern in pediatric computed tomography (CT) due to their sensitive organs, such as the brain and the thyroid glands. Accordingly, an optimization of pediatric CT practices is vital to minimize the radiation dose for this population. Aim: To assess the pediatric CT practices of radiologists and technologists in a CT unit. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 26 hospitals, located in various regions in Saudi Arabia. A total of 200 hard copies of the questionnaire were distributed manually and were collected for analysis. In total, 117 completed surveys were gathered from technologies, while 49 were gathered from radiologists. Results: In the case of infants with hydrocephalus, 65% of the radiologists ordered an ultrasound (US), 24% ordered a head CT scan, and 10% ordered a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and general X-ray for diagnosis. For pediatric patients complaining of persistent headache, 59% and 27% of the radiologists recommended CT and MRI, respectively, for diagnosis. Conclusion: Most of the radiologists utilize CT head scan to diagnose persistent headache (by 59%) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) malfunction (by 41%) in pediatric patients compared with the other modalities. The use of CT can increase the risk of later malignancy among pediatric patients due to radiation exposure. Alternative imaging modalities such as US and MRI (non-ionized radiation) should be considered to reduce the ionizing radiation hazards and optimize the current practices of radiologists. Most of the technologists follow radiation protection protocols in this study as 63% of the technologists used lead apron for pediatric patient's protection. Radiation awareness training for the technologists could improve the knowledge about the benefits of using lead apron and reduce the radiation risks in pediatric patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-05
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2453343-9
ISSN	1178-2390
ISSN	1178-2390
DOI	10.2147/JMDH.S351696
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Article: Dental Undergraduates and Interns' Awareness, Attitudes, and Perception of Radiological Protection.

Abuelhia, Elfatih / Alghamdi, Ali / Tajaldeen, Abdulrahman / Mabrouk, Osama / Bakheet, Adel / Alsaleem, Haney / Alaraik, Wejdan / MSmar, Amir / Quwaihes, Faisal / Alshahrani, Khaled / Hlosh, Yahya / Alghamdi, Salem / Aljondi, Rowa

International journal of dentistry

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 5812627

Abstract: Medical ionizing radiation is widely used in hospitals, in particular dental clinics, and in medical research to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The awareness, attitude, and perception of ionizing radiation exposure among dental ... ...

Abstract	Medical ionizing radiation is widely used in hospitals, in particular dental clinics, and in medical research to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The awareness, attitude, and perception of ionizing radiation exposure among dental undergraduate students and interns in radiological investigations and dental care clinics were investigated. A cross-sectional study was conducted; 17 questions were designed online using the software "QuestionPro," which was licensed to the University of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal. Participants included senior medical dental students from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in their third to fifth years, as well as interns from King Fahad University Hospital and private dental care clinics. A total of 855 participants viewed, 360 started the questionnaire, and 258 (72%) completed it online. Overall, knowledge was lacking; 32% of respondents incorrectly believed that magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound used ionizing radiation, while 38% were unsure. Dental X-rays were deemed harmful by 40% (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-09
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2546524-7
ISSN	1687-8736 ; 1687-8728
ISSN (online)	1687-8736
ISSN	1687-8728
DOI	10.1155/2022/5812627
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Article ; Online: The effect of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on white matter hyperintensity volume and cognition two decades later in normal ageing women.

Aljondi, Rowa / Szoeke, Cassandra / Steward, Chris / Gorelik, Alexandra / Desmond, Patricia

Brain imaging and behavior

2018 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–61

Abstract: Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity (WMH) lesions have been identified as markers of cerebrovascular diseases and they are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. In this study, we investigated the relationship between midlife ... ...

Abstract	Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity (WMH) lesions have been identified as markers of cerebrovascular diseases and they are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. In this study, we investigated the relationship between midlife cardiovascular risk factors and late life WMH volumes two decades later, and examined their association with cognitive performance. 135 participants from the Women's Healthy Ageing Project had completed midlife cardiovascular risk measurement in 1992 and late life brain MRI scan and cognitive assessment in 2012. In these community-dwelling normal aging women, we found that higher midlife Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Profile (FCRP) score was associated with greater WMH volume two decades later, and was predominantly driven by the impact of HDL cholesterol level, controlling for age, education and APOE ε4 status. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that the relationship between midlife FCRP score and late life executive function was mediated by WMH volume. These findings suggest intervention strategies that target major cardiovascular risk factors at midlife might be effective in reducing the development of WMH lesions and thus late life cognitive decline.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging/pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Cholesterol, HDL/adverse effects ; Cholesterol, HDL/analysis ; Cognition/physiology ; Cognition Disorders/pathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Leukoaraiosis/diagnostic imaging ; Leukoaraiosis/physiopathology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Risk Factors ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/pathology
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, HDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2377165-3
ISSN	1931-7565 ; 1931-7557
ISSN (online)	1931-7565
ISSN	1931-7557
DOI	10.1007/s11682-018-9970-5
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Article ; Online: A decade of changes in brain volume and cognition.

Aljondi, Rowa / Szoeke, Cassandra / Steward, Chris / Yates, Paul / Desmond, Patricia

Brain imaging and behavior

2018 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 554–563

Abstract: Brain atrophy can occur several decades prior to onset of cognitive impairments. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between brain volume changes and cognition over a long follow-up period in healthy elderly women. In the ... ...

Abstract	Brain atrophy can occur several decades prior to onset of cognitive impairments. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between brain volume changes and cognition over a long follow-up period in healthy elderly women. In the present study we investigate the relationship between whole brain and hippocampal atrophy rates and longitudinal changes in cognition, including verbal episodic memory and executive function, in older women. We also examine whether baseline brain volume predicts subsequent changes in cognitive performance over a 10-year period. A total of 60 individuals from the population-based Women's Healthy Ageing Project with a mean age at baseline of 59 years underwent 3T MRI. Of these, 40 women completed follow-up cognitive assessments, 23 of whom had follow-up MRI scans. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between brain atrophy and changes in verbal episodic memory and executive function over a 10-year period. The results show that baseline measurements of frontal and temporal grey matter volumes predict changes in verbal episodic memory performance, whereas hippocampal volume at baseline is associated with changes in executive function performance over a 10-year period of follow-ups. In addition, higher whole brain and hippocampal atrophy rates are correlated with a decline in verbal episodic memory. These findings indicate that in addition to atrophy rate, smaller regional grey matter volumes even 10 years prior is associated with increased rates of cognitive decline. This study suggests useful neuroimaging biomarkers for the prediction of cognitive decline in healthy elderly women.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/physiology ; Aging/psychology ; Atrophy/pathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology ; Executive Function ; Female ; Gray Matter/pathology ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Memory, Episodic ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2377165-3
ISSN	1931-7565 ; 1931-7557
ISSN (online)	1931-7565
ISSN	1931-7557
DOI	10.1007/s11682-018-9887-z
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