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Article ; Online: Rational and irrational vaccine hesitancy.

Green, Manfred S

Israel journal of health policy research

2023 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

Abstract: In the paper published recently in this journal, Kumar et al. explained why the key to improved COVID-19 vaccine uptake is to understand societal reactions leading to vaccine hesitancy. They conclude that communications strategies should be tailored to ... ...

Abstract	In the paper published recently in this journal, Kumar et al. explained why the key to improved COVID-19 vaccine uptake is to understand societal reactions leading to vaccine hesitancy. They conclude that communications strategies should be tailored to the different phases of vaccine hesitancy. However, within the theoretical framework provided in their paper, vaccine hesitancy should be recognized as having both rational and irrational components. Rational vaccine hesitancy is a natural result of the inherent uncertainties in the potential impact of vaccines in controlling the pandemic. In general, irrational hesitancy is based on baseless information obtained from hearsay and deliberately false information. Risk communication should address both with transparent, evidence-based information. Rational concerns can be allayed by sharing the process in which dilemmas and uncertainties are dealt with by the health authorities. Messages on irrational concerns need to address head on the sources spreading unscientific and unsound information. In both cases, there is a need to develop risk communication that restores trust in the health authorities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Israel ; Pandemics
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2657655-7
ISSN	2045-4015 ; 2045-4015
ISSN (online)	2045-4015
ISSN	2045-4015
DOI	10.1186/s13584-023-00560-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Rational and irrational vaccine hesitancy

Manfred S. Green

Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract In the paper published recently in this journal, Kumar et al. explained why the key to improved COVID-19 vaccine uptake is to understand societal reactions leading to vaccine hesitancy. They conclude that communications strategies should be ... ...

Abstract	Abstract In the paper published recently in this journal, Kumar et al. explained why the key to improved COVID-19 vaccine uptake is to understand societal reactions leading to vaccine hesitancy. They conclude that communications strategies should be tailored to the different phases of vaccine hesitancy. However, within the theoretical framework provided in their paper, vaccine hesitancy should be recognized as having both rational and irrational components. Rational vaccine hesitancy is a natural result of the inherent uncertainties in the potential impact of vaccines in controlling the pandemic. In general, irrational hesitancy is based on baseless information obtained from hearsay and deliberately false information. Risk communication should address both with transparent, evidence-based information. Rational concerns can be allayed by sharing the process in which dilemmas and uncertainties are dealt with by the health authorities. Messages on irrational concerns need to address head on the sources spreading unscientific and unsound information. In both cases, there is a need to develop risk communication that restores trust in the health authorities.
Keywords	Vaccine hesitancy ; Rational ; Irrational ; COVID-19 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Did the hesitancy in declaring COVID-19 a pandemic reflect a need to redefine the term?

Green, Manfred S

Lancet (London, England)

2020 Volume 395, Issue 10229, Page(s) 1034–1035

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Civil Defense ; Communication ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Public Opinion ; Risk Assessment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Terminology as Topic ; Time Factors ; World Health Organization
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30630-9
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum: Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates-A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period.

Peer, Victoria / Schwartz, Naama / Green, Manfred S

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1157235

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.997025.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.997025.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157235
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Article: Did the hesitancy in declaring COVID-19 a pandemic reflect a need to redefine the term?

Green, Manfred S

Lancet

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #8388
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Did the hesitancy in declaring COVID-19 a pandemic reflect a need to redefine the term?

Green, Manfred S

The Lancet

2020 Volume 395, Issue 10229, Page(s) 1034–1035

Keywords	General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30630-9
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates-A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period.

Peer, Victoria / Schwartz, Naama / Green, Manfred S

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 997025

Abstract: Introduction: Gender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis are occasionally reported. However, the magnitude and consistency of the differences by age group, among different populations, and over extended periods of time are not clear.: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Gender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis are occasionally reported. However, the magnitude and consistency of the differences by age group, among different populations, and over extended periods of time are not clear. Materials and methods: We obtained national data from seven countries from open-access internet sites or personal communications with official representatives. We computed the male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by country and year for every age group and pooled these ratios using meta-analytic methods. Meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of age, country, and calendar years to the variation in the IRRs. Results: In the age groups of < 1, 1-4, 5-9, and 10-14, the pooled male-to-female IRRs (with 95% CI) were as follows: 1.21 (1.05, 1.40), 0.99 (0.95, 1.04), 1.01 (0.96, 1.06), and 0.83 (0.77, 0.89), respectively. In the age groups 15-44, 45-64, and 65+ years, incidence rates were significantly higher in men, with IRRs of 1.25 (1.16, 1.35), 1.79 (1.56, 2.06), and 1.81 (1.66, 1.96), respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that age significantly contributed to the variation in the IRRs. Conclusions: There were gender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis, with higher rates in boys aged less than one, no significant differences in boys of ages 1-9, and higher rates in boys/men older than 15. The only excess in female gender was in the age group 10-14 years. The age-related gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates observed over several countries indicate the importance of including sex as a biological variable when assessing the risk factors for tuberculosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Incidence ; Sex Factors ; Developed Countries ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.997025
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sex differences in hepatitis A incidence rates-a multi-year pooled-analysis based on national data from nine high-income countries.

Green, Manfred S / Schwartz, Naama / Peer, Victoria

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e0287008

Abstract: Background: Possible sex differences in hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence rates in different age groups are not well documented. We aimed to obtain stable pooled estimates of such differences based on data from a number of high-income countries.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Possible sex differences in hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence rates in different age groups are not well documented. We aimed to obtain stable pooled estimates of such differences based on data from a number of high-income countries. Methods: We obtained data on incident cases of HAV by sex and age group over a period of 6-25 years from nine countries: Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Israel, Netherland, New Zealand and Spain. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed for each year, by country and age group. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results: A male excess in incidence rates was consistently observed in all age groups, although in the youngest and oldest age groups, where the numbers tended to be lower, the lower bounds of the 95% confidence intervals for the IRRs were less than one. In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) over countries and time periods were 1.18 (0.94,1.48), 1.22 (1.16,1.29), 1.07 (1.03,1.11), 1.09 (1.04,1.14), 1.46 (1.30,1.64), 1.32 (1.15,1.51) and 1.10 (0.99,1.23) respectively. Conclusions: The excess HAV incidence rates in young males, pooled over a number of countries, suggest that the sex differences are likely to be due at least in part to physiological and biological differences and not just behavioral factors. At older ages, differential exposure plays an important role. These findings, seen in the context of the excess incidence rates in young males for many other infectious diseases, can provide further keys to the mechanisms of the infection.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Hepatitis A/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Developed Countries ; Sex Characteristics ; Hepatitis A virus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0287008
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Article ; Online: Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates—A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period

Victoria Peer / Naama Schwartz / Manfred S. Green

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: IntroductionGender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis are occasionally reported. However, the magnitude and consistency of the differences by age group, among different populations, and over extended periods of time are not clear ... ...

Abstract	IntroductionGender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis are occasionally reported. However, the magnitude and consistency of the differences by age group, among different populations, and over extended periods of time are not clear.Materials and methodsWe obtained national data from seven countries from open-access internet sites or personal communications with official representatives. We computed the male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by country and year for every age group and pooled these ratios using meta-analytic methods. Meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of age, country, and calendar years to the variation in the IRRs.ResultsIn the age groups of < 1, 1–4, 5–9, and 10–14, the pooled male-to-female IRRs (with 95% CI) were as follows: 1.21 (1.05, 1.40), 0.99 (0.95, 1.04), 1.01 (0.96, 1.06), and 0.83 (0.77, 0.89), respectively. In the age groups 15–44, 45–64, and 65+ years, incidence rates were significantly higher in men, with IRRs of 1.25 (1.16, 1.35), 1.79 (1.56, 2.06), and 1.81 (1.66, 1.96), respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that age significantly contributed to the variation in the IRRs.ConclusionsThere were gender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis, with higher rates in boys aged less than one, no significant differences in boys of ages 1–9, and higher rates in boys/men older than 15. The only excess in female gender was in the age group 10–14 years. The age-related gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates observed over several countries indicate the importance of including sex as a biological variable when assessing the risk factors for tuberculosis.
Keywords	tuberculosis ; sex differences ; gender ; meta-analysis ; meta-regression ; male-to-female ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	331
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sex differences in hepatitis A incidence rates-a multi-year pooled-analysis based on national data from nine high-income countries.

Manfred S Green / Naama Schwartz / Victoria Peer

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e

2023 Volume 0287008

Abstract: Background Possible sex differences in hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence rates in different age groups are not well documented. We aimed to obtain stable pooled estimates of such differences based on data from a number of high-income countries. Methods ... ...

Abstract	Background Possible sex differences in hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence rates in different age groups are not well documented. We aimed to obtain stable pooled estimates of such differences based on data from a number of high-income countries. Methods We obtained data on incident cases of HAV by sex and age group over a period of 6-25 years from nine countries: Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Israel, Netherland, New Zealand and Spain. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed for each year, by country and age group. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results A male excess in incidence rates was consistently observed in all age groups, although in the youngest and oldest age groups, where the numbers tended to be lower, the lower bounds of the 95% confidence intervals for the IRRs were less than one. In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) over countries and time periods were 1.18 (0.94,1.48), 1.22 (1.16,1.29), 1.07 (1.03,1.11), 1.09 (1.04,1.14), 1.46 (1.30,1.64), 1.32 (1.15,1.51) and 1.10 (0.99,1.23) respectively. Conclusions The excess HAV incidence rates in young males, pooled over a number of countries, suggest that the sex differences are likely to be due at least in part to physiological and biological differences and not just behavioral factors. At older ages, differential exposure plays an important role. These findings, seen in the context of the excess incidence rates in young males for many other infectious diseases, can provide further keys to the mechanisms of the infection.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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