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  1. Article ; Online: Die Pandemie offenbart die Defizite des transnationalen Menschenrechtsschutzes: Ein Plädoyer für eine Konfliktperspektive auf globale Lieferketten

    Scheper, Christian / Vestena, Carolina A.

    Z Friedens und Konflforsch

    Abstract: The corona pandemic has led to a massive disruption of global supply chains and has thus existentially affected the export economies of many producing countries. This is particularly dramatic for workers at the beginning of the value chain. The ... ...

    Abstract The corona pandemic has led to a massive disruption of global supply chains and has thus existentially affected the export economies of many producing countries. This is particularly dramatic for workers at the beginning of the value chain. The violations of internationally recognized social and economic rights in global supply chains are more massive today than before the crisis and reveal a far-reaching potential for new conflicts. The article illustrates this situation in the case of Brazil and India and, on this basis, raises the issue of global supply chains as a topic for peace and conflict research. Supply chains are spaces of political conflict about material and ideological conditions of production, which are shaped by a variety of institutional contexts and actors. One of the most controversial issues is the lack of labour and human rights protection. The dominant way to address this lack is through institutions and practices of transnational private governance—standards, certification, monitoring and audits. In the pandemic, these already patchy approaches reveal that, especially in times of crisis, they are unsuitable for securing basic labour and human rights and for pacifying existing conflicts. The article concludes with an emphasis of the linkages between global supply chains and local conflicts and argues for an extended research agenda on “supply chains and conflict”.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher PMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1007/s42597-020-00052-y
    Database COVID19

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  2. Book ; Online: Quo Vadis, Weltbank?

    Scheper, Christian

    zur Reform der sozialen und ökologischen Standards

    (Global governance spotlight ; 2013,8)

    2013  

    Author's details Christian Scheper
    Series title Global governance spotlight ; 2013,8
    Language German
    Size Online-Ressource (4 S.)
    Publisher Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden (SEF)
    Publishing place Bonn
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  3. Book ; Online: Quo Vadis, Weltbank?

    Scheper, Christian

    zur Reform der sozialen und ökologischen Standards

    (Global governance spotlight ; 2013, 8)

    2013  

    Abstract: ... ob die Reform die notwendigen Impulse setzen wird. Christian Scheper, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am INEF ...

    Author's details Christian Scheper
    Series title Global governance spotlight ; 2013, 8
    Abstract Zum ersten Mal widmet sich die Weltbank einer umfassenden Reform ihrer Umwelt- und Sozialstandards. Sie kann damit wichtige Weichen für die Zukunft der Finanzierung und Ausgestaltung von Entwicklungsprojekten sowie der Transparenz und Rechenschaftspflicht internationaler Finanzinstitutionen stellen. Ihre sogenannten Safeguard Policies setzen die entscheidenden Standards für die sozial-ökologische Ausgestaltung von weltweiten Entwicklungsprojekten der Bank und die Sorgfaltspflichten beteiligter Institutionen. Sie sind jedoch veraltet und unzureichend. Anderthalb Jahre nach Beginn des zweijährigen Revisionsprozesses ist aber weiterhin unklar, ob die Reform die notwendigen Impulse setzen wird. Christian Scheper, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am INEF, analysiert in seinem Global Governance Spotlight den vielschichtigen Reformdruck der Weltbank und wagt einen Ausblick hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit des Reformprozesses.
    Language German
    Size 1 Online Ressource (circa 4 Seiten)
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  4. Article ; Online: Family, friends and taxi drivers in hybrid networks. Integrating the immediate social environment into the Spiral of Silence Theory

    Christiane Eilders / Marius Gerads / Helmut Scherer / Jule Scheper

    Studies in Communication Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 31-

    2022  Volume 42

    Abstract: The relative neglect of the immediate social environment is one of the best-known criticisms of the Spiral of Silence Theory (SoS). Due to massive changes in communication technology, especially the advent of social media, the immediate social ... ...

    Abstract The relative neglect of the immediate social environment is one of the best-known criticisms of the Spiral of Silence Theory (SoS). Due to massive changes in communication technology, especially the advent of social media, the immediate social environment has become even more relevant which has amplified this gap. This paper integrates the immediate social environment into the SoS. The immediate social environment is the aggregate of individual actors whom one interacts with – a mix of strong and weak ties. The immediate social environment is conceptualized as part of a larger ego-centric network of various sources or observers which also includes the mass media. Based on this concept, this paper examines the entire chain of effects – from monitoring the environment via different sources to the willingness to express one’s opinion in public in front of different observers. Particular attention is directed to the crosslinks between the immediate social environment and the larger realm of society and mass media. The integration of the immediate social environment serves the goal of further refining the conditions of a relevant social context under which people fear different types of social isolation from different groups and subsequently do or do not express their opinions.
    Keywords spiral of silence ; social environment ; online communication ; perceived climate of opinion ; willingness to speak out ; fear of isolation ; Communication. Mass media ; P87-96 ; Social Sciences ; H
    Subject code 300
    Language German
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Seismo Verlag
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Book: Menschenwürdige Löhne in der globalisierten Wirtschaft

    Scheper, Christian / Menge, Jonathan

    Positionen, Durchsetzungshürden und Lösungsansätze

    (INEF Forschungsreihe ; 13)

    2013  

    Author's details Christian Scheper und Jonathan Menge
    Series title INEF Forschungsreihe ; 13
    Keywords Lohnstruktur ; Menschenrechte ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Sozialstandards ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Nord-Süd-Beziehungen ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer
    Language German
    Size 76 S., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Inst. für Entwicklung und Frieden
    Publishing place Duisburg
    Document type Book
    Note Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
    ISBN 9783939218357 ; 3939218359
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  6. Article: The role of rodents in the seed fate of a thorny shrub in an ancient wood pasture

    Scheper, Jeroen / Smit, Christian

    Acta oecologica. 2011 , v. 37, no. 2

    2011  

    Abstract: Thorny shrubs play a crucial role for the diversity and dynamics in wood pastures: they protect non-defended plants from large herbivores and thus facilitate tree establishment in the landscape through associational resistance. How thorny shrubs ... ...

    Abstract Thorny shrubs play a crucial role for the diversity and dynamics in wood pastures: they protect non-defended plants from large herbivores and thus facilitate tree establishment in the landscape through associational resistance. How thorny shrubs themselves establish in wood pastures – the main bottleneck for a dynamic shifting of grassland – shrub – woodland mosaics – is an essential unanswered question. We studied post-primary dispersal seed fate – i.e. removal, predation, secondary dispersal and survival of seeds after primary dispersal – of the thorny shrub blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) in an ancient wood pasture in the Netherlands. Blackthorn seeds are primarily dispersed by frugivorous birds and may secondarily be dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents. We performed two cafeteria-style experiments with blackthorn seeds placed on dishes in the dominant vegetation types. In the first we monitored seed removal in grassland, swards or blackthorn shrubs and determined rodent species abundance by live-trapping. In the second we followed tagged blackthorn seeds under shrubs and in swards to determine seed removal, predation, survival and secondary dispersal patterns. Tagged seeds were retrieved using a metal detector and by visual means. We recorded dispersal direction and distance, vegetation type, seed handling (burial, consumption) and rodent species responsible via bite marks. Seed removal and number of live-trapped rodents differed between vegetation types, with higher removal and rodent captures under shrubs than in swards and grassland. All retrieved seeds were depredated, predominantly by the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). Disproportionally high seed numbers were retrieved in the vegetation type where originally placed (shrubs or swards). Our study suggests that rodents play an important role for blackthorn in wood pastures, predominantly as seed predators rather than secondary seed dispersers. Predation is particularly high under blackthorn shrubs, suggesting that primary seed dispersal by birds away from shrubs into grassland or swards is a prerequisite for blackthorn recruitment in wood pastures.
    Keywords Apodemus sylvaticus ; Prunus spinosa ; birds ; grasslands ; herbivores ; pastures ; predation ; predators ; recruitment ; rodents ; seed dispersal ; seeds ; shrubs ; trees ; wood
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-03
    Size p. 133-139.
    Publishing place Elsevier Masson SAS
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1033625-4
    ISSN 1146-609X
    ISSN 1146-609X
    DOI 10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.007
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Book: Außenwirtschaftsförderung und Menschenrechte

    Scheper, Christian / Feldt, Heidi

    eine Bestandsaufnahme deutscher Investitions- und Exportkreditdeckungen aus menschenrechtlicher Perspektive

    (INEF-Forschungsreihe Menschenrechte, Unternehmensverantwortung und nachhaltige Entwicklung ; 4)

    2010  

    Institution Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden
    Author's details Christian Scheper und Heidi Feldt. [Hrsg.: Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden (INEF), Universität Duisburg-Essen]
    Series title INEF-Forschungsreihe Menschenrechte, Unternehmensverantwortung und nachhaltige Entwicklung ; 4
    Keywords Außenwirtschaftsförderung ; Exportkredit ; Auslandsinvestition ; Deutsch ; Menschenrechte ; Deutschland ; Welt
    Language German
    Size 92 S., Ill., graph. Darst, 30 cm
    Publisher INEF
    Publishing place Duisburg
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturangaben
    ISBN 9783981336733 ; 3981336739
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  8. Article ; Online: A Portable Biosensor for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Vapors.

    Prante, Marc / Ude, Christian / Große, Miriam / Raddatz, Lukas / Krings, Ulrich / John, Gernot / Belkin, Shimshon / Scheper, Thomas

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2018  Volume 18, Issue 12

    Abstract: Buried explosive material, e.g., landmines, represent a severe issue for human safety all over the world. Most explosives consist of environmentally hazardous chemicals like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), carcinogenic 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and ... ...

    Abstract Buried explosive material, e.g., landmines, represent a severe issue for human safety all over the world. Most explosives consist of environmentally hazardous chemicals like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), carcinogenic 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and related compounds. Vapors leaking from buried landmines offer a detection marker for landmines, presenting an option to detect landmines without relying on metal detection. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT), an impurity and byproduct of common TNT synthesis, is a feasible detection marker since it is extremely volatile. We report on the construction of a wireless, handy and cost effective 2,4-dinitrotoluene biosensor combining recombinant bioluminescent bacterial cells and a compact, portable optical detection device. This biosensor could serve as a potential alternative to the current detection technique. The influence of temperature, oxygen and different immobilization procedures on bioluminescence were tested. Oxygen penetration depth in agarose gels was investigated, and showed that aeration with molecular oxygen is necessary to maintain bioluminescence activity at higher cell densities. Bioluminescence was low even at high cell densities and 2,4-DNT concentrations, hence optimization of different prototypes was carried out regarding radiation surface of the gels used for immobilization. These findings were applied to sensor construction, and 50 ppb gaseous 2,4-DNT was successfully detected.
    MeSH term(s) Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation ; Dinitrobenzenes/isolation & purification ; Dinitrobenzenes/toxicity ; Explosive Agents/chemistry ; Explosive Agents/isolation & purification ; Gases/chemical synthesis ; Gases/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Wireless Technology/instrumentation
    Chemical Substances Dinitrobenzenes ; Explosive Agents ; Gases ; 2,4-dinitrotoluene (6741D310ED) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s18124247
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book: Menschenrechte und Unternehmen: das Menschenrechtsregime vor einer transnationalen Ausrichtung

    Hamm, Brigitte / Drebes, Maike / Scheper, Christian

    Synthesebericht des Leuchtturmprojekts Menschenrechte, Unternehmensverantwortung und Nachhaltige Entwicklung

    (INEF Forschungsreihe Menschenrechte, Unternehmensverantwortung und Nachhaltige Entwicklung)

    2014  

    Author's details Brigitte Hamm, Christian Scheper, Maike Drebes
    Series title INEF Forschungsreihe Menschenrechte, Unternehmensverantwortung und Nachhaltige Entwicklung
    Keywords Menschenrechte ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; Außenwirtschaftsförderung ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Language German
    Size 90 Seiten, 30 cm
    Publisher Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden (INEF), Universität Duisburg-Essen
    Publishing place Duisburg
    Document type Book
    Note Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    ISBN 3939218359 ; 9783939218357
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Book: Human Rights Impact Assessments zur Umsetzung der menschenrechtlichen Verantwortung von Unternehmen

    Hamm, Brigitte / Scheper, Christian

    konzeptionelle Herausforderungen und praktische Ansätze

    (INEF-Forschungsreihe Menschenrechte, Unternehmensverantwortung und nachhaltige Entwicklung ; 10)

    2011  

    Author's details Brigitte Hamm und Christian Scheper
    Series title INEF-Forschungsreihe Menschenrechte, Unternehmensverantwortung und nachhaltige Entwicklung ; 10
    Keywords UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Ausländisch ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Menschenrechte ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer
    Language German
    Size 59 S
    Publisher INEF, Inst. für Entwicklung und Frieden
    Publishing place Duisburg
    Document type Book
    Note Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
    ISBN 9783939218302 ; 3939218308
    Database ECONomics Information System

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