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  1. Article ; Online: Liposomal drug delivery to the lungs: a post covid-19 scenario.

    Krishna, S Swathi / Sudheesh, M S / Viswanad, Vidya

    Journal of liposome research

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 410–424

    Abstract: High local delivery of anti-infectives to the lungs is required for activity against infections of the lungs. The present pandemic has highlighted the potential of pulmonary delivery of anti-infective agents as a viable option for infections like Covid- ... ...

    Abstract High local delivery of anti-infectives to the lungs is required for activity against infections of the lungs. The present pandemic has highlighted the potential of pulmonary delivery of anti-infective agents as a viable option for infections like Covid-19, which specifically causes lung infections and mortality. To prevent infections of such type and scale in the future, target-specific delivery of drugs to the pulmonary region is a high-priority area in the field of drug delivery. The suboptimal effect of oral delivery of anti-infective drugs to the lungs due to the poor biopharmaceutical property of the drugs makes this delivery route very promising for respiratory infections. Liposomes have been used as an effective delivery system for drugs due to their biocompatible and biodegradable nature, which can be used effectively for target-specific drug delivery to the lungs. In the present review, we focus on the use of liposomal drug delivery of anti-infectives for the acute management of respiratory infections in the wake of Covid-19 infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Liposomes/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Lung ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Liposomes ; Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645173-1
    ISSN 1532-2394 ; 0898-2104
    ISSN (online) 1532-2394
    ISSN 0898-2104
    DOI 10.1080/08982104.2023.2199068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive organ health.

    Swathi Krishna, S / Kuriakose, Beena Briget / Lakshmi, P K

    Archives of pharmacal research

    2022  

    Abstract: Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal, polyphenolic compounds that are derived from plants and have biological properties similar to those of human estrogens. Their bioactivity, which is based on the core ring system, is caused by their structural resemblance ...

    Abstract Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal, polyphenolic compounds that are derived from plants and have biological properties similar to those of human estrogens. Their bioactivity, which is based on the core ring system, is caused by their structural resemblance to estrogen. Flavonoids, coumestans, lignans, and stilbenes are the four major categories into which they can be divided. They are structurally and functionally related to ovarian and placental estrogens, which are essential in female reproductive processes. Phytoestrogens are present in numerous dietary supplements and find application in hormone replacement therapy as an alternative to synthetic hormones. In addition, they provide health benefits for osteoporosis, heart disease, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. There is a growing interest in using phytoestrogen as preventative medicine in the form of nutraceuticals. This literature provides comprehensive information about the types, sources, and biological actions of phytoestrogens in the reproductive system.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 447623-2
    ISSN 1976-3786 ; 0253-6269
    ISSN (online) 1976-3786
    ISSN 0253-6269
    DOI 10.1007/s12272-022-01417-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Tetrahydrobiopterin and Its Multiple Roles in Neuropsychological Disorders.

    Midhun T / Krishna, S Swathi / Wilson, Samson K

    Neurochemical research

    2022  Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 1202–1211

    Abstract: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a multifunctional co-factor of various enzymes and a substantial amount of studies have shown BH4 as a key regulator in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, nor-epinephrine as well as dopamine. The imbalance ... ...

    Abstract Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a multifunctional co-factor of various enzymes and a substantial amount of studies have shown BH4 as a key regulator in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, nor-epinephrine as well as dopamine. The imbalance of BH4 may affect neurotransmitter production which can lead to many abnormalities in CNS. This article reviews the role of BH4 in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. We focus on the therapeutic potential of BH4 in various brain diseases that involves neurotransmitters and attempt to address how the modulation of BH4 may provide a novel strategy in various neuropsychological conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Biopterins/analogs & derivatives ; Dopamine ; Serotonin
    Chemical Substances Biopterins ; Serotonin (333DO1RDJY) ; sapropterin (EGX657432I) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 199335-5
    ISSN 1573-6903 ; 0364-3190
    ISSN (online) 1573-6903
    ISSN 0364-3190
    DOI 10.1007/s11064-022-03543-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Dietary foods containing nitric oxide donors can be early curators of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A possible role in the immune system.

    Swathi Krishna, S / Thennavan, Arumugam / Kanthlal, S K

    Journal of food biochemistry

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) e13884

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a lethal virus that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness that has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though multiple pharmacological trials are ongoing, there ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a lethal virus that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness that has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though multiple pharmacological trials are ongoing, there is no proof that any treatment will effectively cure or prevent COVID-19. Currently, COVID-19-infected patients are being managed with non-specific medications to suppress the symptoms and other associated co-morbidities. Nitric oxide is a bio-signaling molecule that has been shown to be effective for treating several viral infections in humans. Household Natural foods rich in nitrites and nitrates (NO donors) have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against immune-related respiratory tract infections. It was understood that NO could inhibit the early stage of SARS CoV-2 invasion into the human cell. Fruits and vegetables containing nitrites and nitrates have been revised and are now thought to be potential anti-CoV agents for effective control of other associated systemic disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight some key facts about the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 infection with foods rich in nitric oxide and its donors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Improving the body's immune system is the early step to be considered as a preventive measure to stop the spreading of COVID-19 infection. Emerging research continues to mount that dietary nitrates/nitrites from plant foods are being healthy as well as keep us away from infectious diseases. They are now incorporated into low-risk adjuvant therapy for various infections and systemic disorders. This concept portrays the regular consuming foods such as fruits and vegetables that are rich in nitric oxide which have the potential to promote health, improve general well-being, and reduce the risk associated with the highly contagious diseases. Hence, we recommend adding nitrates and nitrites-containing food to the regular diet to improve the self-immunity as well as to fight against COVID-19 disease.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Diet ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Immune System ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vegetables
    Chemical Substances Nitric Oxide Donors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 433846-7
    ISSN 1745-4514 ; 0145-8884
    ISSN (online) 1745-4514
    ISSN 0145-8884
    DOI 10.1111/jfbc.13884
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive organ health

    Swathi Krishna, S. / Kuriakose, Beena Briget / Lakshmi, P. K.

    Arch. Pharm. Res.. 2022 Dec., v. 45, no. 12 p.849-864

    2022  

    Abstract: Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal, polyphenolic compounds that are derived from plants and have biological properties similar to those of human estrogens. Their bioactivity, which is based on the core ring system, is caused by their structural resemblance ...

    Abstract Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal, polyphenolic compounds that are derived from plants and have biological properties similar to those of human estrogens. Their bioactivity, which is based on the core ring system, is caused by their structural resemblance to estrogen. Flavonoids, coumestans, lignans, and stilbenes are the four major categories into which they can be divided. They are structurally and functionally related to ovarian and placental estrogens, which are essential in female reproductive processes. Phytoestrogens are present in numerous dietary supplements and find application in hormone replacement therapy as an alternative to synthetic hormones. In addition, they provide health benefits for osteoporosis, heart disease, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. There is a growing interest in using phytoestrogen as preventative medicine in the form of nutraceuticals. This literature provides comprehensive information about the types, sources, and biological actions of phytoestrogens in the reproductive system.
    Keywords bioactive properties ; breast neoplasms ; dietary supplements ; estrogens ; females ; flavonoids ; heart diseases ; hormone replacement therapy ; humans ; lignans ; medicine ; osteoporosis ; plant estrogens ; prostatic neoplasms ; reproductive system ; stilbenes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Size p. 849-864.
    Publishing place Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 447623-2
    ISSN 1976-3786 ; 0253-6269
    ISSN (online) 1976-3786
    ISSN 0253-6269
    DOI 10.1007/s12272-022-01417-y
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Dietary foods containing nitric oxide donors can be early curators of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A possible role in the immune system

    Swathi Krishna, S / Thennavan, Arumugam / Kanthlal, S K

    Journal of food biochemistry. 2022 Mar., v. 46, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: ... APPLICATIONS: Improving the body’s immune system is the early step to be considered as a preventive measure ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2) is a lethal virus that causes COVID‐19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness that has caused the COVID‐19 pandemic. Even though multiple pharmacological trials are ongoing, there is no proof that any treatment will effectively cure or prevent COVID‐19. Currently, COVID‐19‐infected patients are being managed with non‐specific medications to suppress the symptoms and other associated co‐morbidities. Nitric oxide is a bio‐signaling molecule that has been shown to be effective for treating several viral infections in humans. Household Natural foods rich in nitrites and nitrates (NO donors) have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against immune‐related respiratory tract infections. It was understood that NO could inhibit the early stage of SARS CoV‐2 invasion into the human cell. Fruits and vegetables containing nitrites and nitrates have been revised and are now thought to be potential anti‐CoV agents for effective control of other associated systemic disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight some key facts about the treatment and prevention of COVID‐19 infection with foods rich in nitric oxide and its donors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Improving the body’s immune system is the early step to be considered as a preventive measure to stop the spreading of COVID‐19 infection. Emerging research continues to mount that dietary nitrates/nitrites from plant foods are being healthy as well as keep us away from infectious diseases. They are now incorporated into low‐risk adjuvant therapy for various infections and systemic disorders. This concept portrays the regular consuming foods such as fruits and vegetables that are rich in nitric oxide which have the potential to promote health, improve general well‐being, and reduce the risk associated with the highly contagious diseases. Hence, we recommend adding nitrates and nitrites‐containing food to the regular diet to improve the self‐immunity as well as to fight against COVID‐19 disease.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; adjuvants ; biochemistry ; diet ; humans ; immune system ; nitric oxide ; respiratory system ; respiratory tract diseases ; risk reduction ; therapeutics ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-03
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note REVIEW
    ZDB-ID 433846-7
    ISSN 1745-4514 ; 0145-8884
    ISSN (online) 1745-4514
    ISSN 0145-8884
    DOI 10.1111/jfbc.13884
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Delayed Puberty.

    Mohanraj, Swathi / Prasad, Hemchand Krishna

    Indian journal of pediatrics

    2023  Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 590–597

    Abstract: Testicular volume ≥4 ml and appearance of breast budding are the first signs of puberty. Delayed puberty is diagnosed in the absence of thelarche by 13 y or menarche by 15 y in girls and absence of testicular enlargement by 14 y in boys. Delayed puberty ... ...

    Abstract Testicular volume ≥4 ml and appearance of breast budding are the first signs of puberty. Delayed puberty is diagnosed in the absence of thelarche by 13 y or menarche by 15 y in girls and absence of testicular enlargement by 14 y in boys. Delayed puberty can be due to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism or eugonadotrophic eugonadism characterised by low, elevated and normal gonadotrophin levels, respectively. Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty (CDGP) and systemic illness should be considered before pathological causes. Assessment of sexual maturity by Tanner's staging and anthropometric assessment on growth chart is pivotal. Lack of menarche in girls with thelarche suggests structural abnormalities of reproductive tract or disorders of sexual development. Measurement of bone age helps to interpret hormone measurements and decide on timing of pubertal induction. Ultrasound assessment of abdomen gives valuable clues to pubertal onset (in girls) and possible underlying etiology. Karyotyping is mandatory in all girls with delayed puberty and short stature, and delayed menarche and boys with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue stimulation test may help distinguish hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism from CDGP. Pubertal induction is done with intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol in boys and girls, respectively. Hormone replacement is begun at low doses and slowly escalated over 2 y to mimic a physiological puberty process. Short course of testosterone for 3 to 6 mo is helpful in adolescent boys with CDGP and psychological distress. Attainment of adult sexual maturity by 18 y is mandatory to rule out disorders of hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Puberty, Delayed/diagnosis ; Puberty, Delayed/etiology ; Hypogonadism/diagnosis ; Testosterone ; Puberty/physiology ; Menarche
    Chemical Substances Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-02
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218231-2
    ISSN 0973-7693 ; 0019-5456
    ISSN (online) 0973-7693
    ISSN 0019-5456
    DOI 10.1007/s12098-023-04577-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence and machine learning in ocular oncology: Retinoblastoma.

    Kaliki, Swathi / Vempuluru, Vijitha S / Ghose, Neha / Patil, Gaurav / Viriyala, Rajiv / Dhara, Krishna K

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 71, Issue 2, Page(s) 424–430

    Abstract: Purpose: This study was done to explore the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in the diagnosis and grouping of intraocular retinoblastoma (iRB).: Methods: It was a retrospective observational study using AI and Machine ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study was done to explore the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in the diagnosis and grouping of intraocular retinoblastoma (iRB).
    Methods: It was a retrospective observational study using AI and Machine learning, Computer Vision (OpenCV).
    Results: Of 771 fundus images of 109 eyes, 181 images had no tumor and 590 images displayed iRB based on review by two independent ocular oncologists (with an interobserver variability of <1%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the trained AI model were 85%, 99%, 99.6%, and 67%, respectively. Of 109 eyes, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for detection of RB by AI model were 96%, 94%, 97%, and 91%, respectively. Of these, the eyes were normal (n = 31) or belonged to groupA (n=1), B (n=22), C (n=8), D (n=23),and E (n=24) RB based on review by two independent ocular oncologists (with an interobserver variability of 0%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the trained AI model were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% for group A; 82%, 20 21 98%, 90%, and 96% for group B; 63%, 99%, 83%, and 97% for group C; 78%, 98%, 90%, and 94% for group D, and 92%, 91%, 73%, and 98% for group E, respectively.
    Conclusion: Based on our study, we conclude that the AI model for iRB is highly sensitive in the detection of RB with high specificity for the classification of iRB.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retinoblastoma/diagnosis ; Artificial Intelligence ; Machine Learning ; Fundus Oculi ; Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country India
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1393_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Supramolecular Recognition of Cytidine Phosphate in Nucleotides and RNA Sequences.

    Morozov, Boris S / Oshchepkov, Aleksandr S / Klemt, Insa / Agafontsev, Aleksandr M / Krishna, Swathi / Hampel, Frank / Xu, Hong-Gui / Mokhir, Andriy / Guldi, Dirk / Kataev, Evgeny

    JACS Au

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 964–977

    Abstract: Supramolecular recognition of nucleotides would enable manipulating crucial biochemical pathways like transcription and translation directly and with high precision. Therefore, it offers great promise in medicinal applications, not least in treating ... ...

    Abstract Supramolecular recognition of nucleotides would enable manipulating crucial biochemical pathways like transcription and translation directly and with high precision. Therefore, it offers great promise in medicinal applications, not least in treating cancer or viral infections. This work presents a universal supramolecular approach to target nucleoside phosphates in nucleotides and RNA. The artificial active site in new receptors simultaneously realizes several binding and sensing mechanisms: encapsulation of a nucleobase via dispersion and hydrogen bonding interactions, recognition of the phosphate residue, and a self-reporting feature-"turn-on" fluorescence. Key to the high selectivity is the conscious separation of phosphate- and nucleobase-binding sites by introducing specific spacers in the receptor structure. We have tuned the spacers to achieve high binding affinity and selectivity for cytidine 5' triphosphate coupled to a record 60-fold fluorescence enhancement. The resulting structures are also the first functional models of poly(rC)-binding protein coordinating specifically to C-rich RNA oligomers, e.g., the 5'-AUCCC(C/U) sequence present in poliovirus type 1 and the human transcriptome. The receptors bind to RNA in human ovarian cells A2780, causing strong cytotoxicity at 800 nM. The performance, self-reporting property, and tunability of our approach open up a promising and unique avenue for sequence-specific RNA binding in cells by using low-molecular-weight artificial receptors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2691-3704
    ISSN (online) 2691-3704
    DOI 10.1021/jacsau.2c00658
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: To tread or not to tread: comparison between water treading and conventional flapping wing kinematics.

    Krishna, Swathi / Gehrke, Alexander / Mulleners, Karen

    Bioinspiration & biomimetics

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 6

    Abstract: Hovering insects are limited by their physiology and need to rotate their wings at the end of each back-and-forth motion to keep the wing's leading edge ahead of its trailing edge. The wing rotation at the end of each half-stroke pushes the leading edge ... ...

    Abstract Hovering insects are limited by their physiology and need to rotate their wings at the end of each back-and-forth motion to keep the wing's leading edge ahead of its trailing edge. The wing rotation at the end of each half-stroke pushes the leading edge vortex away from the wing which leads to a loss in the lift. Unlike biological fliers, human-engineered flapping wing micro air vehicles have different design limitations. They can be designed to avoid the end of stroke wing rotation and use so-called water-treading flapping kinematics. Flapping wings using conventional flapping kinematics have a designated leading and trailing edge. In the water-treading mode, the role of the leading and trailing edges are continuously alternated throughout the stroke. Here, we compare velocity field and force measurements for a rectangular flapping wing conducting normal hovering and water-treading kinematics to study the difference in fluid dynamic performance between the two types of flapping kinematics. We show that for similar power consumption, the water-treading mode produces more lift than the conventional hovering mode and is 50% more efficient for symmetric pitching kinematics. In the water-treading mode, the leading edge vortex from the previous stroke is not pushed away but is captured and keeps the newly formed leading edge vortex closer to the wing, leading to a more rapid increase of the lift coefficient which is sustained for longer. This makes the water-treading mode a promising alternative for human-engineered flapping wing vehicles.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Flight, Animal/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Water ; Biomimetics ; Models, Biological ; Wings, Animal/physiology ; Stroke
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2235670-8
    ISSN 1748-3190 ; 1748-3182
    ISSN (online) 1748-3190
    ISSN 1748-3182
    DOI 10.1088/1748-3190/ac9a1b
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