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Article ; Online: Differences among Severe Cases of Sars-CoV-2, Influenza, and Other Respiratory Viral Infections in Pediatric Patients

Braian L.A. Sousa / Magda Sampaio-Carneiro / Werther B. de Carvalho / Clovis A. Silva / Alexandre A. Ferraro

Clinics, Vol

Symptoms, Outcomes and Preexisting Comorbidities

2020 Volume 75

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies focusing on pediatric patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been limited to small case series. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a large population of pediatric patients with ... ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVES: Previous studies focusing on pediatric patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been limited to small case series. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a large population of pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 and compare them with patients with severe cases of influenza and other respiratory viruses (ORV). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of Brazilian data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, gathered from January 1st to July 14th, 2020. The sample included 4,784 patients (2,570 with confirmed COVID-19, 659 with influenza, 1,555 with ORV). Outcome measures included clinical features, preexisting comorbidities, pediatric intensive care unit admissions, need for ventilatory support, and death. RESULTS: Compared with the influenza and ORV groups, the COVID-19 group had a higher proportion of newborns and adolescents, as well as lower frequencies of fever, cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and desaturation. Although use of invasive ventilatory support was similar among groups, death rate was highest for COVID-19 (15.2% vs. 4.5% vs. 3.2%, p<0.001), with death risk more than three times the other groups (adjusted OR=3.7 [95% CI 2.5-5.6]). The presence of two or more comorbidities further increased this risk (OR=4.8 [95% CI 3.5-6.6]). Preexisting comorbidities were reported in 986 patients with severe COVID-19 (38%). Mortality rate among COVID-19 patients was significantly higher for almost all comorbidities reported. CONCLUSION: Severe COVID-19 had a higher mortality rate than other viral respiratory illnesses, despite the lower frequency of fever, cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and desaturation. Death risk was strongly associated with preexisting comorbidities.
Keywords	Pediatrics ; Epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier España
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Differences among Severe Cases of Sars-CoV-2, Influenza, and Other Respiratory Viral Infections in Pediatric Patients: Symptoms, Outcomes and Preexisting Comorbidities.

Sousa, Braian L A / Sampaio-Carneiro, Magda / de Carvalho, Werther B / Silva, Clovis A / Ferraro, Alexandre A

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)

2020 Volume 75, Page(s) e2273

Abstract: Objectives: Previous studies focusing on pediatric patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been limited to small case series. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a large population of pediatric patients with ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Previous studies focusing on pediatric patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been limited to small case series. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a large population of pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 and compare them with patients with severe cases of influenza and other respiratory viruses (ORV). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of Brazilian data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, gathered from January 1st to July 14th, 2020. The sample included 4,784 patients (2,570 with confirmed COVID-19, 659 with influenza, 1,555 with ORV). Outcome measures included clinical features, preexisting comorbidities, pediatric intensive care unit admissions, need for ventilatory support, and death. Results: Compared with the influenza and ORV groups, the COVID-19 group had a higher proportion of newborns and adolescents, as well as lower frequencies of fever, cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and desaturation. Although use of invasive ventilatory support was similar among groups, death rate was highest for COVID-19 (15.2% vs. 4.5% vs. 3.2%, p<0.001), with death risk more than three times the other groups (adjusted OR=3.7 [95% CI 2.5-5.6]). The presence of two or more comorbidities further increased this risk (OR=4.8 [95% CI 3.5-6.6]). Preexisting comorbidities were reported in 986 patients with severe COVID-19 (38%). Mortality rate among COVID-19 patients was significantly higher for almost all comorbidities reported. Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 had a higher mortality rate than other viral respiratory illnesses, despite the lower frequency of fever, cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and desaturation. Death risk was strongly associated with preexisting comorbidities.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Betacoronavirus ; Brazil/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2182801-5
ISSN	1980-5322 ; 1807-5932
ISSN (online)	1980-5322
ISSN	1807-5932
DOI	10.6061/clinics/2020/e2273
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Article ; Online: Optimization of high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing: an assessment of PCR pooling, mastermix use and contamination.

Aggarwal, Dinesh / Rajan, Diana / Bellis, Katherine L / Betteridge, Emma / Brennan, Joe / de Sousa, Catarina / Carriage Study Team / Parkhill, Julian / Peacock, Sharon J / de Goffau, Marcus C / Wagner, Josef / Harrison, Ewan M

Microbial genomics

2023 Volume 9, Issue 10

Abstract: ... by Bray-Curtis index clustered by replicate on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and non-metric ... alpha diversity, and beta diversity by Bray-Curtis index clustered by replicate in PCoA and NMDS ...

Abstract	16S rRNA gene sequencing is widely used to characterize human and environmental microbiomes. Sequencing at scale facilitates better powered studies but is limited by cost and time. We identified two areas in our 16S rRNA gene library preparation protocol where modifications could provide efficiency gains, including (1) pooling of multiple PCR amplifications per sample to reduce PCR drift and (2) manual preparation of mastermix to reduce liquid handling. Using nasal samples from healthy human participants and a serially diluted mock microbial community, we compared alpha and beta diversity, and compositional abundance where the PCR amplification was conducted in triplicate, duplicate or as a single reaction, and where manually prepared or premixed mastermix was used. One hundred and fifty-eight 16S rRNA gene sequencing libraries were prepared, including a replicate experiment. Comparing PCR pooling strategies, we found no significant difference in high-quality read counts and alpha diversity, and beta diversity by Bray-Curtis index clustered by replicate on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and non-metric dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. Choice of mastermix had no significant impact on high-quality read and alpha diversity, and beta diversity by Bray-Curtis index clustered by replicate in PCoA and NMDS analysis. Importantly, we observed contamination and variability of rare species (<0.01 %) across replicate experiments; the majority of contaminants were accounted for by removal of species present at <0.1 %, or were linked to reagents (including a primer stock). We demonstrate no requirement for pooling of PCR amplifications or manual preparation of PCR mastermix, resulting in a more efficient 16S rRNA gene PCR protocol.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Genes, rRNA ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835258-0
ISSN	2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
ISSN (online)	2057-5858
ISSN	2057-5858
DOI	10.1099/mgen.0.001115
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Article: Chemical profile and eco-safety evaluation of essential oils and hydrolates from Cistus ladanifer, Helichrysum italicum, Ocimum basilicum and Thymbra capitata

Ferraz, Celso Afonso / Sousa, Ana Catarina A. / Caramelo, Débora / Delgado, Fernanda / de Oliveira, Ana Palmeira / Pastorinho, M. Ramiro

Industrial crops and products. 2022 Jan., v. 175

2022

Abstract: ... estimated to immobilize 50 per cent of the Daphnia) at 48 h varied between 199.7 mg/L and 12.1 mg/L ... Cistus ladanifer), curry plant (Helichrysum italicum), conehead thyme (Thymbra capitata) and basil ...

Abstract	The demand for natural-based products for industrial applications is increasing sharply and therefore the search for new alternatives to the plants traditionally used is growing. These alternative plants can be an important source of bioactive compounds under a circular economy approach. Considering the potential future use of new plant products by the industry, it is necessary to assess the risk associated with their introduction into the ecosystem. This work aims to provide an insight into the volatile profiles and evaluate the potential (eco)toxic effects of essential oils (EO’s) and hydrolates of four plant species, namely rockrose (Cistus ladanifer), curry plant (Helichrysum italicum), conehead thyme (Thymbra capitata) and basil (Ocimum basilicum). Chemical analysis were performed by GC-MS and acute toxicity tests were performed using the model organism Daphnia magna. The essential oil and the hydrolate from H. italicum, as well as all the other hydrolates caused no immobilization up to the highest concentrations tested, suggesting that all hydrolates present low to no risk towards D. magna. Similarly, the essential oil of H. italicum, presented negligible risk towards D. magna. For C. ladanifer and T. capitata essential oils, the EC₅₀ (the concentration estimated to immobilize 50 per cent of the Daphnia) at 48 h varied between 199.7 mg/L and 12.1 mg/L, respectively. The essential oil from C. ladanifer was mainly characterised by monoterpene hydrocarbons, while the H. italicum was richer in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Both essential oil and hydrolate from T. capitata contained exclusively monoterpene hydrocarbons with a particularly high content of carvacrol. The higher acute toxicity of T. capitata essential oil can be attributed to the high amount of carvacrol present in the distillate. Overall, of the essential oils and hydrolates tested, all can be classified as practically non-toxic, except for T. capitata essential oil that, according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) of the United Nations, can be classified as moderately toxic.
Keywords	Cistus ladanifer ; Daphnia magna ; Helichrysum italicum ; Ocimum basilicum ; Thymbra capitata ; acute toxicity ; basil ; carvacrol ; chemical analysis ; circular economy ; curry ; ecosystems ; essential oils ; hydrosols ; monoterpenoids ; risk ; risk assessment ; sesquiterpenoids ; thyme
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1132158-1
ISSN	1872-633X ; 0926-6690
ISSN (online)	1872-633X
ISSN	0926-6690
DOI	10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114232
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 85 Can feces be used to represent the cecal microbiota in horses?

Brandi, L.A. / Balieiro, J.C. de Carvalho / de Sousa, R.L.M. / Fukumasu, H. / Pearson, W. / Brandi, R.A.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104387-

2023

Abstract: ... the Shannon index and the Chao1 index for α diversity, and Jaccard and Bray-Curtis for β diversity (abundance ... Bray distances between the cecum and the feces were 57.4% and 48.4%, respectively, indicating ...

Abstract	The fecal microbiota has been accepted as representative of the microbiota of horses' large intestine, but it is important to know which compartment the fecal microbiota most resembles, since the composition of the microbiota changes in each compartment. The study's aim was to compare fecal and cecal microbiota in to determine if the former provides a reasonable approximation of the latter. The Ethics Committee on Animal Research (2057/21-FCAV/UNESP) approved this study. In a 3-way Crossover Design, 5 healthy mixed-breed horses (BW: 384 ± 9.5 kg) were fed 3 different diets: hay, fiber and oil (FO), and sugar and starch (SS). Diets with added concentrate (FO and SS) kept the proportion of dry matter from hay at 1.5%/BW and concentrate at 0.5%/BW. Rectal sampling was used to collect feces, and cecal fluid samples were obtained from a cecal cannula. The microbiota was identified using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. DADA2 was used to analyze the data (version 1.24.0). We used the Shannon index and the Chao1 index for α diversity, and Jaccard and Bray-Curtis for β diversity (abundance). DADA2 was used to assess the statistical significance of diversity metrics. Regardless of diet, the microbiota in the cecum and feces showed differences in diversity and abundance (P < 0.01). The Jaccard and Bray distances between the cecum and the feces were 57.4% and 48.4%, respectively, indicating a difference between the 2 sites studied.There was no phylum difference between diets (P > 0.01). The most abundant phyla in the cecum were Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Desulfobacterota, which differed from the literature (Bacteroidota and Firmicutes). Proteobacteria is commonly found in the ilium, and it is possible that the phylum gained access to the cecum through extravasation of this compartment. Furthermore, the positioning of the cannula, closer to the ilium opening in the cecum, may have contributed to the finding of a greater abundance of this phylum. The Verrucomicrobiota is commonly found in the cecum, and little is known about the Desulfobacterota. In the feces, the most abundant phyla were similar to those previously reported, including Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Fibrobacterota. The large difference between the microbiota of the cecum and the feces can be attributed to the greater distance between the collection sites, as it is known that the microbiota composition changes in each compartment. The fecal microbiota is an overview of what happens in the large intestine but may not effectively represent other intestinal compartments. Finally, the fecal microbiota does not represent the cecal microbiota.
Keywords	Firmicutes ; Proteobacteria ; animal research ; cecum ; cross-over studies ; diet ; ethics ; feces ; genes ; hay ; horses ; ilium ; intestinal microorganisms ; mixed breeds ; oils ; starch ; sugars ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104387
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Aspartic peptidase of

Granato, Marcela Q / Sousa, Ingrid S / Rosa, Thabatta L S A / Gonçalves, Diego S / Seabra, Sergio H / Alviano, Daniela S / Pessolani, Maria C V / Santos, André L S / Kneipp, Lucimar F

Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry

2020 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 629–638

Abstract: Phialophora ... ...

Abstract	Phialophora verrucosa
MeSH term(s)	Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antifungal Agents/chemistry ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Aspartic Acid Proteases/metabolism ; Carbamates/chemical synthesis ; Carbamates/chemistry ; Carbamates/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Furans ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/chemistry ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lopinavir/chemical synthesis ; Lopinavir/chemistry ; Lopinavir/pharmacology ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure ; Phialophora/drug effects ; Phialophora/enzymology ; Phialophora/growth & development ; Ritonavir/chemical synthesis ; Ritonavir/chemistry ; Ritonavir/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis ; Sulfonamides/chemistry ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents ; Carbamates ; Furans ; HIV Protease Inhibitors ; Sulfonamides ; Lopinavir (2494G1JF75) ; amprenavir (5S0W860XNR) ; Aspartic Acid Proteases (EC 3.4.-) ; Ritonavir (O3J8G9O825)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2082578-X
ISSN	1475-6374 ; 1475-6366
ISSN (online)	1475-6374
ISSN	1475-6366
DOI	10.1080/14756366.2020.1724994
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Article ; Online: From seed to flour: Sowing sustainability in the use of cantaloupe melon residue (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus).

da Cunha, Josiane Araújo / Rolim, Priscilla Moura / Damasceno, Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves / de Sousa Júnior, Francisco Canindé / Nabas, Roseane Claro / Seabra, Larissa Mont'Alverne Jucá

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e0219229

Abstract: ... a flour produced from Cantaloupe melon seeds (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) and to evaluate ...

Abstract	Reduction of waste from food industry and food services is a current concern due to the large amount of waste generated, including peels and fruit seeds. The objective of this study was to obtain a flour produced from Cantaloupe melon seeds (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) and to evaluate the viability of using the product as an ingredient in cake manufacturing. In this study, different formulations were developed: standard cake-0% (F1) and cakes containing melon seed flour as substitute of wheat flour in 10% (F2), 30% (F3), and 50% (F4) concentrations. Centesimal composition, dietary fibre, structural and morphological characterization, determination of mineral composition, and evaluation of fatty acids profile in melon seed flour were carried out. To determine the overall acceptance of cake formulations, sensory analysis was performed with 135 non-trained panelists, which also included the identification of sensorial attributes using the Just About Right ideal scale test. The results showed that the melon seed flour has considerable nutritional value, with 18% proteins, 3% moisture, 4% ash, 30% lipids, and 35% dietary fibre. Melon flour also has a significantly high content of minerals, mainly phosphorus (1507.62 mg/100 g), potassium (957.35 mg/100 g), and magnesium (504.03 mg/100 g). The polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction was the most abundant in melon seed flour, with predominance of omega-6 fatty acids (17.95 g/mg of sample). Sensorial analysis disclosed good acceptance for formulations containing 10% and 30% of melon seed flour, with the 10% formulation being the most accepted. The research showed the feasibility of using the melon seed flour in cake production, as well as the possibility of using food waste in restaurants and food industries in order to adhere to sustainable production actions.
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Cucumis melo/chemistry ; Dietary Fiber/analysis ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis ; Flour/analysis ; Food Analysis ; Humans ; Magnesium/analysis ; Nutritive Value ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Potassium/analysis ; Seeds/chemistry ; Triticum/chemistry ; Waste Products/analysis
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Waste Products ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0219229
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Article: Genomic signatures of introgression between commercial and native bumblebees,

Seabra, Sofia G / Silva, Sara E / Nunes, Vera L / Sousa, Vitor C / Martins, Joana / Marabuto, Eduardo / Rodrigues, Ana S B / Pina-Martins, Francisco / Laurentino, Telma G / Rebelo, Maria Teresa / Figueiredo, Elisabete / Paulo, Octávio S

Evolutionary applications

2019 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 679–691

Abstract: Human-mediated introductions of species may have profound impacts on native ecosystems. One potential impact with largely unforeseen consequences is the potential admixture of introduced with autochthonous species through hybridization. Throughout the ... ...

Abstract	Human-mediated introductions of species may have profound impacts on native ecosystems. One potential impact with largely unforeseen consequences is the potential admixture of introduced with autochthonous species through hybridization. Throughout the world, bumblebees have been deliberately introduced for crop pollination with known negative impacts on native pollinators. Given the likely allochthonous origin of commercial bumblebees used in Portugal (subspecies
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2405496-3
ISSN	1752-4563 ; 1752-4571
ISSN (online)	1752-4563
ISSN	1752-4571
DOI	10.1111/eva.12732
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Article: Fed-Batch Synthesis of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) from Sucrose and 4-Hydroxybutyrate Precursors by Burkholderia sacchari Strain DSM 17165.

Miranda De Sousa Dias, Miguel / Koller, Martin / Puppi, Dario / Morelli, Andrea / Chiellini, Federica / Braunegg, Gerhart

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

2017 Volume 4, Issue 2

Abstract: ... the homopolyester PHB was produced at a volumetric productivity of 1.29 g/(L•h), a mass fraction of 0.52 g PHB per g ... biomass, and a final PHB concentration of 36.5 g/L; the maximum specific growth rate µmax amounted to 0.15 ... 87 g/(L•h), a mass fraction of 0.72 g PHA per g biomass, a final PHA concentration of 53.7 g/L, and ...

Abstract	Based on direct sucrose conversion, the bacterium Burkholderia sacchari is an excellent producer of the microbial homopolyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Restrictions of the strain's wild type in metabolizing structurally related 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) precursors towards 3HV-containing polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolyester calls for alternatives. We demonstrate the highly productive biosynthesis of PHA copolyesters consisting of 3-hydroxybuytrate (3HB) and 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) monomers. Controlled bioreactor cultivations were carried out using saccharose from the Brazilian sugarcane industry as the main carbon source, with and without co-feeding with the 4HB-related precursor γ-butyrolactone (GBL). Without GBL co-feeding, the homopolyester PHB was produced at a volumetric productivity of 1.29 g/(L•h), a mass fraction of 0.52 g PHB per g biomass, and a final PHB concentration of 36.5 g/L; the maximum specific growth rate µmax amounted to 0.15 1/h. Adding GBL, we obtained 3HB and 4HB monomers in the polyester at a volumetric productivity of 1.87 g/(L•h), a mass fraction of 0.72 g PHA per g biomass, a final PHA concentration of 53.7 g/L, and a µmax of 0.18 1/h. Thermoanalysis revealed improved material properties of the second polyester in terms of reduced melting temperature Tm (161 °C vs. 178 °C) and decreased degree of crystallinity Xc (24% vs. 71%), indicating its enhanced suitability for polymer processing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2746191-9
ISSN	2306-5354
ISSN	2306-5354
DOI	10.3390/bioengineering4020036
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Article ; Online: In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to selected essential oils and their major components

Costa, Sonya / Cavadas, Cláudia / Cavaleiro, Carlos / Salgueiro, Lígia / do Céu Sousa, Maria

2018

Abstract: ... for the antitrypanosomal effects of J. oxycedrus. The present work leads us to propose the J. oxycedrus, C. citratus and L ... tenuifolium, Lavandula viridis, Origanum virens, Seseli tortuosom, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymbra capitata ...

Abstract	Aiming for discovering effective and harmless antitrypanosomal agents, 17 essential oils and nine major components were screened for their effects on T. b. brucei. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh plant material and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The trypanocidal activity was assessed using blood stream trypomastigotes cultures of T. b. brucei and the colorimetric resazurin method. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of essential oils on macrophage cells and Selectivity Indexes were calculated. Of the 17 essential oils screened three showed high trypanocidal activity (IC50 < 10 μg/mL): Juniperus oxycedrus (IC50 of 0.9 μg/mL), Cymbopogon citratus (IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL) and Lavandula luisieri (IC50 of 5.7 μg/mL). These oils had no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells showing the highest values of Selectivity Index (63.4, 9.0 and 11.8, respectively). The oils of Distichoselinum tenuifolium, Lavandula viridis, Origanum virens, Seseli tortuosom, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymbra capitata also exhibited activity (IC50 of 10–25 μg/mL) but showed cytotoxicity on macrophages. Of the nine compounds tested, α-pinene (IC50 of 2.9 μg/mL) and citral (IC50 of 18.9 μg/mL) exhibited the highest anti-trypanosomal activities. Citral is likely the active component of C. citratus and α-pinene is responsible for the antitrypanosomal effects of J. oxycedrus. The present work leads us to propose the J. oxycedrus, C. citratus and L. luisieri oils as valuable sources of new molecules for African Sleeping Sickness treatment.
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
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