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Article: Transition-Metal-Free Formation of C-E Bonds (E = C, N, O, S) and Formation of C-M Bonds (M = Mn, Mo) from

Leclerc, Matthew C / Gabidullin, Bulat M / Da Gama, Jason G / Daifuku, Stephanie L / Iannuzzi, Theresa E / Neidig, Michael L / Baker, R Tom

Organometallics

2017 Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 849–857

Abstract: Herein, a recently reported polyfluoroalkenyl imidazolium salt is shown to react with nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-based nucleophiles at the ... ...

Abstract	Herein, a recently reported polyfluoroalkenyl imidazolium salt is shown to react with nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-based nucleophiles at the C
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2006302-7
ISSN	1520-6041 ; 0276-7333
ISSN (online)	1520-6041
ISSN	0276-7333
DOI	10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00908
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Proceedings From FDA/A.S.P.E.N. Public Workshop: Clinical Trial Design for Intravenous Fat Emulsion Products, October 29, 2013.

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition

2015 Volume 39, Issue 7, Page(s) 768–786

Abstract: ... Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Public Workshop brought ...

Abstract	The development of intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE) is the culmination of physiological, biochemical, nutritional, and medical scientific advancements. IVFEs have the ability to deliver critical nutritional substrates to the patient. Recent literature purports that they may also play roles in modulation of immune functionality and pulmonary physiology, but data supporting these potential benefits are limited. While soybean-based IVFEs have comprised the dominant fat in U.S. markets, a number of other novel IVFEs may prove to optimize the care of children and adults in both hospitalized and home settings. The October 2013 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Public Workshop brought together scientists, researchers, and clinical experts to present updated clinical perspectives of IVFEs, including historical development, current state of usage throughout the world, and considerations for the regulatory approval of new IVFEs in the United States.
MeSH term(s)	Congresses as Topic ; Enteral Nutrition/methods ; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Parenteral Nutrition/methods ; Societies, Medical ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
Chemical Substances	Fat Emulsions, Intravenous
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800861-9
ISSN	0148-6071
ISSN	0148-6071
DOI	10.1177/0148607114560825
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Article: The Kinetic and Energetic Pull of Chemical Entropy.

Baker, Josh

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: ... i.e., the Gibbs free energy equation) describes this energetic contribution as a chemical activity ... within N independent molecules become distributed among those molecules. With this transition chemical ... activity is lost when the N degrees of freedom of independent molecules physically and irreversibly ...

Abstract	Single molecule mechanics studies clearly show that the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction is a force-generating myosin motor switch. However, muscle mechanics and energetics cannot be accounted for by summing up the force-generating chemical steps of independent myosin motors - the energetic contribution of the gradient of myosin motors across the force-generating chemical step is required. Chemistry (i.e., the Gibbs free energy equation) describes this energetic contribution as a chemical activity, whereas statistical mechanics describes it as entropic. Here, I show that while mathematically these two energetic terms are similar, physically they are fundamentally different. The entropic interpretation implies a novel thermodynamic model of chemical kinetics in which a chemical reaction is pulled down the entropic energy landscape of an ensemble of molecules rather than being pushed through mass action. I show that the transition from chemical activity to entropy is physical and occurs when thermal fluctuations isolated within N independent molecules become distributed among those molecules. With this transition chemical activity is lost when the N degrees of freedom of independent molecules physically and irreversibly collapse into one ensemble system within which heat is delocalized among the N molecules in the form of entropy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.09.20.558706
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Article: Reactions of a gallium(II)-diazabutadiene dimer, [{{[(H)C(Bu(t))N]2}GaI}2], with [ME(SiMe3)2] (M = Li or Na; E = N, P, or As): structural, EPR, and ENDOR characterization of paramagnetic gallium(III) pnictide complexes.

Antcliff, Karen L / Baker, Robert J / Jones, Cameron / Murphy, Damien M / Rose, Richard P

Inorganic chemistry

2005 Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 2098–2105

Abstract: ... 2) with the alkali metal pnictides [ME(SiMe3)2] (M = Li or Na; E = N, P, or As) have been carried ... III)-pnictide complexes, [(Bu(t)-DAB)Ga{E(SiMe3)2}I] (E = N, P, or As), while two of the 1:4 reactions ... afforded [(Bu(t)-DAB)Ga{E(SiMe3)2}2] (E = P or As). In contrast, treatment of [{(Bu(t)-DAB)GaI}2] with 4 ...

Abstract	The reactions of the paramagnetic gallium(II) complex [{(Bu(t)-DAB)GaI}2] (Bu(t)-DAB = {(Bu(t))NC(H)}2) with the alkali metal pnictides [ME(SiMe3)2] (M = Li or Na; E = N, P, or As) have been carried out under a range of stoichiometries. The 1:2 reactions have led to a series of paramagnetic gallium(III)-pnictide complexes, [(Bu(t)-DAB)Ga{E(SiMe3)2}I] (E = N, P, or As), while two of the 1:4 reactions afforded [(Bu(t)-DAB)Ga{E(SiMe3)2}2] (E = P or As). In contrast, treatment of [{(Bu(t)-DAB)GaI}2] with 4 equiv of [NaN(SiMe3)2] resulted in a novel gallium heterocycle coupling reaction and the formation of the diradical species [(Bu(t)-DAB)Ga{N(SiMe3)2}{[CC(H)N2(Bu(t))2]Ga[N(SiMe3)2]CH3}]. The mechanism of this unusual reaction has been explored, and evidence suggests it involves an intramolecular transmethylation reaction. The X-ray crystal structures of all prepared complexes are reported, and all have been characterized by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies. The observed spin Hamiltonian parameters provide a detailed picture of the distribution of the unpaired spin density over the molecular frameworks of the complexes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1484438-2
ISSN	1520-510X ; 0020-1669
ISSN (online)	1520-510X
ISSN	0020-1669
DOI	10.1021/ic0486825
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Article ; Online: Recovery of neurophysiological measures in post-COVID fatigue: a 12-month longitudinal follow-up study.

Maffitt, Natalie J / Germann, Maria / Baker, Anne M E / Baker, Mark R / Baker, Stuart N / Soteropoulos, Demetris S

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8874

Abstract: ... of persistent fatigue following resolution of an acute infection (i.e. post-COVID fatigue). We have shown ...

Abstract	One of the major consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the significant incidence of persistent fatigue following resolution of an acute infection (i.e. post-COVID fatigue). We have shown previously that, in comparison to healthy controls, those suffering from post-COVID fatigue exhibit changes in muscle physiology, cortical circuitry, and autonomic function. Whether these changes preceded infection, potentially predisposing people to developing post-COVID fatigue, or whether the changes were a consequence of infection was unclear. Here we present results of a 12-month longitudinal study of 18 participants from the same cohort of post-COVID fatigue sufferers to investigate these correlates of fatigue over time. We report improvements in self-perception of the impact of fatigue via questionnaires, as well as significant improvements in objective measures of peripheral muscle fatigue and autonomic function, bringing them closer to healthy controls. Additionally, we found reductions in muscle twitch tension rise times, becoming faster than controls, suggesting that the improvement in muscle fatigability might be due to a process of adaptation rather than simply a return to baseline function.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Longitudinal Studies ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Fasciculation
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-59232-y
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Article: Flavor science in the context of research on electronic cigarettes.

Hayes, John E / Baker, Allison N

Frontiers in neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 918082

Abstract: ... regulatory efforts. Other recent work summarizes findings on flavored e-liquids and eCig use, but none have ...

Abstract	Thousands start smoking or vaping daily, despite long-standing efforts by public health authorities to curb initiation and use of nicotine containing products. Over the last 15 years, use of electronic nicotine delivery systems has increased dramatically, with a diverse range of products on the market, including pod-based, disposable, and refillable electronic cigarettes (eCigs). Originally intended for harm reduction and smoking cessation, eCigs may encourage nicotine use among never smokers, given the vast range of appealing flavors that are available. To better understand abuse liability and to facilitate appropriate regulations, it is crucial to understand the science of flavor, and flavor perception within the context of eCig use. Here, we (a) provide a brief primer on chemosensory perception and flavor science for addiction and nicotine researchers, and (b) highlight existing some literature regarding flavor and nicotine use, with specific attention given to individual differences in perception, and interaction between different sensory modalities that contribute to flavor. Dramatic increases in use of eCigs highlights the importance of flavor science in contemporary addiction research, both with regards to public health and regulatory efforts. Other recent work summarizes findings on flavored e-liquids and eCig use, but none have focused explicitly on chemosensory processes or flavor perception as they relate to appeal and use of such products. We argue flavor science needs to be considered as perceptual and behavioral phenomena, and not merely from analytical, toxicological and pharmacological perspectives; we help address this gap here.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2022.918082
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Article ; Online: Regional differences in firearm ownership, storage and use: results from a representative survey of five US states.

Anestis, Michael / Bond, Allison E / Baker, Nazsa / Semenza, Daniel C

Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention

2024 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–59

Abstract: ... Surveys were completed online.: Participants: Participants (n=3510) were members of knowledge panel ...

Abstract	Background: Firearm access and storage practices influence risk for injury and death; however, prior research has considered only national and regional differences on these variables, overlooking state-level differences. Objectives: To analyse and describe statewide differences in firearm ownership, storage and use in a representative sample of five US states. Design: Variables were assessed via an online self-report survey administered between 29 April 2022 and 15 May 2022. Setting: Surveys were completed online. Participants: Participants (n=3510) were members of knowledge panel, a probability-based sample recruited to be representative of US adults. All participants were aged 18+ and resided in one of five states: Colorado, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey or Texas. Measurements: We used χ Results: We found significant differences in firearm ownership across states. There were significantly more first-time firearm purchasers during the firearm purchasing surge in New Jersey. Both Mississippi and Texas have elevated rates of unsecure storage practices and firearm carrying outside of the home. Limitations: Results are cross-sectional and self-report. Findings may not generalise beyond the five states assessed in this survey. Conclusions: Public health messaging around firearm safety should account for differences in key firearm behaviours related to ownership, storage and use to ensure effective communication and reduce the risk of gun injury and death across states.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Child ; Ownership ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Firearms ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1433667-4
ISSN	1475-5785 ; 1353-8047
ISSN (online)	1475-5785
ISSN	1353-8047
DOI	10.1136/ip-2023-044878
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Zs.A 4910: Show issues

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Article: Effect of vitamins C and E on endogenous synthesis of N-nitrosamino acids in humans: precursor-product studies with [15N]nitrate.

Wagner, D A / Shuker, D E / Bilmazes, C / Obiedzinski, M / Baker, I / Young, V R / Tannenbaum, S R

Cancer research

1985 Volume 45, Issue 12 Pt 1, Page(s) 6519–6522

Abstract: ... acid, N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, was present in the urine. It was found that N ...

Abstract	The endogenous formation of nitrosoproline (NPRO) following administration of nitrate and proline is reported in ten healthy young adults. There was a relatively constant basal excretion of NPRO, 26 +/- 10 (SD) nmol/day, in excess of amounts found in the diet. This basal synthesis of NPRO was not reduced by ascorbic acid (2 g/day) or alpha-tocopherol (400 mg/day). A significant rise in the excretion of NPRO was observed following the administration of nitrate and proline, ranging from 29 to 318 nmol/24 h with a mean of 100 nmol/24 h. [15N]Nitrate was used as a tracer to study the observed excess excretion of NPRO in urine. The data revealed that urinary NPRO excretion as a result of endogenous synthesis is not totally derived from ingested nitrate as its precursor. The ingestion of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol inhibited the incorporation of [15N]nitrate into NPRO by 81 and 59%, respectively. An additional nitrosamino acid, N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, was present in the urine. It was found that N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid increased 6-fold upon ingestion of nitrate. Ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol blocked this nitrate induced synthesis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrosamines/biosynthesis ; Vitamin E/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Nitrates ; Nitrosamines ; Vitamin E (1406-18-4) ; nitrosoproline (F8MI03SGY0) ; Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	1985-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1432-1
ISSN	1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
ISSN (online)	1538-7445
ISSN	0008-5472
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Article: Dynamic role of personality in explaining COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal.

Baker, Melissa N / Merkley, Eric

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1163570

Abstract: Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are threats to sufficient response to the COVID-19 pandemic and public health efforts more broadly. We focus on personal characteristics, specifically personality, to explain what types of people are resistant to COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are threats to sufficient response to the COVID-19 pandemic and public health efforts more broadly. We focus on personal characteristics, specifically personality, to explain what types of people are resistant to COVID-19 vaccination and how the influence of these traits changed as circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. We use a large survey of over 40,000 Canadians between November 2020 and July 2021 to examine the relationship between personality and vaccine hesitancy and refusal. We find that all five facets of the Big-5 (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and negative emotionality) are associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. Three facets (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) tended to decline in importance as the vaccination rate and COVID-19 cases grew. Two facets (extraversion and negative emotionality) maintained or increased in their importance as pandemic circumstances changed. This study highlights the influence of personal characteristics on vaccine hesitancy and refusal and the need for additional study on foundational explanations of these behaviors. It calls for additional research on the dynamics of personal characteristics in explaining vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The influence of personality may not be immutable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163570
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Article ; Online: Neural dysregulation in post-COVID fatigue.

Baker, Anne M E / Maffitt, Natalie J / Del Vecchio, Alessandro / McKeating, Katherine M / Baker, Mark R / Baker, Stuart N / Soteropoulos, Demetris S

Brain communications

2023 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) fcad122

Abstract: Following infection with SARS-CoV-2, a substantial minority of people develop lingering after-effects known as 'long COVID'. Fatigue is a common complaint with a substantial impact on daily life, but the neural mechanisms behind post-COVID fatigue remain ...

Abstract	Following infection with SARS-CoV-2, a substantial minority of people develop lingering after-effects known as 'long COVID'. Fatigue is a common complaint with a substantial impact on daily life, but the neural mechanisms behind post-COVID fatigue remain unclear. We recruited 37 volunteers with self-reported fatigue after a mild COVID infection and carried out a battery of behavioural and neurophysiological tests assessing the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. In comparison with age- and sex-matched volunteers without fatigue (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2632-1297
ISSN (online)	2632-1297
DOI	10.1093/braincomms/fcad122
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