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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Diffusion weighted MR imaging of the brain, head and neck, and spine

    Moritani, Toshio / Capizzano, Aristides A.

    2021  

    Author's details Toshio Moritan, Aristides A. Capizzano editors
    Keywords Electronic books
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 923 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition Third edition
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Cham
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT020948995
    ISBN 978-3-030-62120-9 ; 9783030621193 ; 3-030-62120-0 ; 3030621197
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-62120-9
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Advanced Diffusion of the Pediatric Brain and Spine.

    Moritani, Toshio

    Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 465–492

    Abstract: This article discusses new diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and fiber tractography (FT), as well as more advanced diffusion imaging in pediatric brain and spine. Underlying disorder and pathophysiology causing ... ...

    Abstract This article discusses new diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and fiber tractography (FT), as well as more advanced diffusion imaging in pediatric brain and spine. Underlying disorder and pathophysiology causing diffusion abnormalities are discussed. Multishot echo planar imaging (EPI) DWI and non-EPI DWI provide higher spatial resolution with less susceptibility artifact and distortion, which are replacing conventional single-shot EPI DWI. DTI and FT have established clinical significance in pediatric brain and spine. This article discusses advanced diffusion imaging, including diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion spectrum imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and oscillating-gradient spin-echo.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1196851-5
    ISSN 1557-9786 ; 1064-9689
    ISSN (online) 1557-9786
    ISSN 1064-9689
    DOI 10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.001
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  3. Article ; Online: Electrical muscle stimulation: Application and potential role in aging society.

    Moritani, Toshio

    Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology

    2021  Volume 61, Page(s) 102598

    Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases and sarcopenia become more prevalent as individuals age and, therefore, represent a serious issue for the healthcare system. Several studies have reported the relationship between physical activity and reduced incidence of ... ...

    Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases and sarcopenia become more prevalent as individuals age and, therefore, represent a serious issue for the healthcare system. Several studies have reported the relationship between physical activity and reduced incidence of dementia or cognitive deterioration. Thus, exercise and strength training are most recommended treatments, but it is proving difficult to engage individuals to initiate exercise and strength training. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) may provide an alternative and more efficient solution. Although EMS has undergone a decline in use, mainly because of stimulation discomfort, new technologies allow painless application of strong contractions. Such activation can be applied in higher exercise dosages and more efficiently than people are likely to achieve with exercise. Unlike orderly recruitment of motor units (MUs) during low intensity voluntary exercise, EMS activates large fast-twitch MUs with glycolytic fibers preferentially and this could have benefit for prevention and treatment of diabetes and chronic diseases associated with muscle atrophy that ultimately lead to bed-ridden conditions. Recent evidence highlights the potential for EMS to make a major impact on these and other lifestyle related diseases and its role as a useful modality for orthopedic and cardiac rehabilitation. This paper will discuss the potential for EMS to break new ground in effective interventions in these frontiers of medical science.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Electric Stimulation ; Exercise ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Sarcopenia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1073161-1
    ISSN 1873-5711 ; 1050-6411
    ISSN (online) 1873-5711
    ISSN 1050-6411
    DOI 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102598
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    Zs.A 3218: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: Facial myonecrosis following COVID-19.

    Zhao, Raymond / Saab, Hadi / Propson, Anthony / Moritani, Toshio / Kim, John

    Radiology case reports

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) 3659–3662

    Abstract: Myositis and myonecrosis are rare sequela of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Until now, it has not been seen in muscles of the head and neck. We present a 22-year-old male with 4 months of retroauricular headaches following COVID-19 infection. ... ...

    Abstract Myositis and myonecrosis are rare sequela of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Until now, it has not been seen in muscles of the head and neck. We present a 22-year-old male with 4 months of retroauricular headaches following COVID-19 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed rim-enhancing fluid collections in the bilateral masticator spaces which were sampled by fine-needle aspiration. We also discuss this case in the context of the current understanding of COVID-19-related myositis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2406300-9
    ISSN 1930-0433
    ISSN 1930-0433
    DOI 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.07.030
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  5. Article ; Online: Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings in pilocytic astrocytoma and H3.3 and H3.1 variant diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered.

    Kurokawa, Ryo / Kurokawa, Mariko / Baba, Akira / Kim, John / Srinivasan, Ashok / Moritani, Toshio

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0288412

    Abstract: Objective: This study compared the dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered (DMG) variants.: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study compared the dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered (DMG) variants.
    Methods: The normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV), normalized relative flow (nrCBF), percentile signal recovery (PSR), and normalized mean ADC (nADCmean) of 23 patients with midline PAs (median age, 13 years [range, 1-71 years]; 13 female patients) and 40 patients with DMG (8.5 years [1-35 years]; 19 female patients), including 35 patients with H3.3- and five patients with H3.1-mutant tumors, treated between January 2016 and May 2022 were statistically compared.
    Results: DMG had a significantly lower nADCmean (median: 1.48 vs. 1.96; p = 0.00075) and lower PSR (0.97 vs. 1.23, p = 0.13) but higher nrCBV and nrCBF (1.66 vs. 1.17, p = 0.058, respectively, and 1.87 vs. 1.19, p = 0.028, respectively) than PA. The H3.3 variant had a lower nADCmean than the H3.1 variant (1.46 vs. 1.80, p = 0.10).
    Conclusion: DMG had lower ADC and PSR and higher rCBV and rCBF than PA. The H3.3 variant had a lower ADC than the H3.1 variant. Recognizing the differences and similarities in the DSC parameters and ADC between these tumors may help presurgical diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Astrocytoma/diagnostic imaging ; Astrocytoma/genetics ; Astrocytoma/pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Perfusion
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0288412
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  6. Article ; Online: The role of MRI in the prognosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy.

    Kitaguchi, Tomoaki / Ota, Yoshiaki / Liao, Eric / Moritani, Toshio / Shah, Gaurang / Yamada, Kei / Srinivasan, Ashok

    Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 917–925

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe acute disorder related to thiamine deficiency. This study was aimed at revealing the relationship between clinical and imaging findings and WE recovery.: Methods: We retrospectively ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe acute disorder related to thiamine deficiency. This study was aimed at revealing the relationship between clinical and imaging findings and WE recovery.
    Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 34 cases of WE diagnosed between 2003 and 2020 (median age: 57 years, 14 females) at two academic institutions. WE cases were divided into two groups with symptomatic recovery within 4 weeks (group 1) or later (group 2). The lesion sites were divided into typical and atypical sites (total sites defined as when either typical or atypical sites were involved). Clinical and MRI features were compared between them as appropriate.
    Results: WE patients were divided into group 1 (19 cases, median age: 57 years, 10 females) and group 2 (15 cases, median age: 57 years, four females). Regarding clinical features, only cerebellar ataxia was more often observed in group 1 than in group 2. Regarding MRI features, signal abnormality on T2-weighted image (WI)/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) was more often observed in atypical sites between groups 1 and 2 (1/19 vs. 7/15; p = .01). There were significant differences between groups 1 and 2 regarding the presence of both vasogenic edema and cytotoxic edema in total sites (4/11 vs. 11/15, p = .005; 1/19 vs. 6/15, p = .03), with a significant difference in the presence of vasogenic edema in typical sites (4/19 vs. 10/15, p = .01).
    Conclusion: The early recovered group showed a lower incidence of T2WI/FLAIR abnormality in atypical sites and diffusion signal abnormality in total or typical sites with a lower incidence of cerebellar ataxia.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Wernicke Encephalopathy/diagnostic imaging ; Wernicke Encephalopathy/etiology ; Cerebellar Ataxia/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/adverse effects ; Prognosis ; Edema/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1071724-9
    ISSN 1552-6569 ; 1051-2284
    ISSN (online) 1552-6569
    ISSN 1051-2284
    DOI 10.1111/jon.13143
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    Zs.A 3211: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Effect of exercise intensity on metabolic responses on combined application of electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise.

    Watanabe, Kohei / Takada, Tatsuya / Kawade, Shuhei / Moritani, Toshio

    Physiological reports

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e14758

    Abstract: The combined application of voluntary exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been developed as a new type of exercise that can recruit motor units contributing to both aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms. We aimed to ... ...

    Abstract The combined application of voluntary exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been developed as a new type of exercise that can recruit motor units contributing to both aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms. We aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary exercise intensity on metabolic responses on the combination of voluntary exercise and NMES. In 13 volunteers, oxygen consumption and the blood lactate concentration were measured during (1) voluntary pedaling exercise at four different intensities: 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the ventilatory threshold (VT) (VOL), (2) these voluntary exercises with superimposed NMES applied to the gluteus and thigh muscles (VOL+NMES), and (3) NMES only (NMES). Oxygen consumption and the blood lactate concentration in VOL+NMES were significantly greater than VOL at each exercise intensity (p < 0.05). Differences in oxygen consumption between VOL+NMES and VOL decreased with exercise intensity, and that at 125% VT was significantly lower than the net gain in oxygen consumption following NMES (p < 0.05). Differences in the blood lactate concentration between VOL+NMES and VOL increased with exercise intensity, and that at 50% VT was significantly lower than the net gain in the blood lactate concentration following NMES (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that voluntary exercise intensity has a critical impact on metabolic responses during the combined application of voluntary exercises and NMES. Superimposing NMES onto voluntary exercises at high exercise intensities may induce overlapping recruitment of motor units, leading to a markedly reduced benefit of additional metabolic responses on its superimposition.
    MeSH term(s) Bicycling ; Biomarkers/blood ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Exercise Tolerance ; Female ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/blood ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Quadriceps Muscle/innervation ; Quadriceps Muscle/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Volition ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.14758
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  8. Article ; Online: Modular control of muscle coordination patterns during various stride time and stride length combinations.

    Kibushi, Benio / Moritani, Toshio / Kouzaki, Motoki

    Gait & posture

    2021  Volume 94, Page(s) 230–235

    Abstract: Background: Modular organization in muscular control is generally specified as synergistic muscle groups that are hierarchically organized. There are conflicting perspectives regarding modular organization for regulation of walking speeds, with regard ... ...

    Abstract Background: Modular organization in muscular control is generally specified as synergistic muscle groups that are hierarchically organized. There are conflicting perspectives regarding modular organization for regulation of walking speeds, with regard to whether modular organization is relatively consistent across walking speeds. This conflict might arise from different stride time (time for one stride) and stride length combinations for achieving the same walking speed.
    Research question: Does the regulation of the modular organization depend on stride time and stride length (stride time-length) combinations?
    Methods: Ten healthy men walked at a moderate speed (nondimensional speed = 0.4) on a treadmill at five different stride time-length combinations (very short, short, preferred, long, and very long). Surface electromyograms from 16 muscles in the trunk and lower limb were recorded. The modular organization was modeled as muscle synergies, which represent groups of synchronously activated muscles. Muscle synergies were extracted using a decomposition technique. The number of synergies and their activation durations were analyzed.
    Results: The number of synergies was consistent in the preferred and quasi-preferred condition (median: 4.5 [short], 4.5 [preferred], 5 [long]), while it varied in the extreme condition (median: 4 [very short] and 6 [very long]; 0.02 ≤  p ≤ 0.09). Gait parameters (stride time, stride length, stance time, swing time, and double stance time) were significantly different for preferred and quasi-preferred conditions (p <  0.03).
    Significance: Our results provide additional insights on the flexibility of modular control during walking, namely that the number of synergies or activations are fine-tuned even within one walking speed. Our finding implies that a variety of walking patterns can be achieved by consistent synergies except for extreme walking patterns.
    MeSH term(s) Electromyography ; Exercise Test ; Gait/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Walking/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1162323-8
    ISSN 1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
    ISSN (online) 1879-2219
    ISSN 0966-6362
    DOI 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.006
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    Zs.A 3804: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Diffusion histogram profiles predict molecular features of grade 4 in histologically lower-grade adult diffuse gliomas following WHO classification 2021.

    Kurokawa, Ryo / Hagiwara, Akifumi / Kurokawa, Mariko / Ellingson, Benjamin M / Baba, Akira / Moritani, Toshio

    European radiology

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 1367–1375

    Abstract: Objectives: In the latest World Health Organization classification 2021, grade 4 adult diffuse gliomas can be diagnosed with several molecular features even without histological evidence of necrosis or microvascular proliferation. We aimed to explore ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: In the latest World Health Organization classification 2021, grade 4 adult diffuse gliomas can be diagnosed with several molecular features even without histological evidence of necrosis or microvascular proliferation. We aimed to explore whole tumor histogram-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram profiles for differentiating between the presence (Mol-4) and absence (Mol-2/3) of grade 4 molecular features in histologically lower-grade gliomas.
    Methods: Between June 2019 and October 2022, 184 adult patients with diffuse gliomas underwent MRI. After excluding 121 patients, 18 (median age, 64.5 [range, 37-84 years]) Mol-4 and 45 (median 40 [range, 18-73] years) Mol-2/3 patients with histologically lower-grade gliomas were enrolled. Whole tumor volume-of-interest-derived ADC histogram profiles were calculated and compared between the two groups. Stepwise logistic regression analysis with Akaike's information criterion using the ADC histogram profiles with p values < 0.01 and age at diagnosis was used to identify independent variables for predicting the Mol-4 group.
    Results: The 90th percentile (p < 0.001), median (p < 0.001), mean (p < 0.001), 10th percentile (p = 0.014), and entropy (p < 0.001) of normalized ADC were lower, and kurtosis (p < 0.001) and skewness (p = 0.046) were higher in the Mol-4 group than in the Mol-2/3 group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the entropy of normalized ADC and age at diagnosis were independent predictive parameters for the Mol-4 group with an area under the curve of 0.92.
    Conclusion: ADC histogram profiles may be promising preoperative imaging biomarkers to predict molecular grade 4 among histologically lower-grade adult diffuse gliomas.
    Clinical relevance statement: This study highlighted the diagnostic usefulness of ADC histogram profiles to differentiate histologically lower grade adult diffuse gliomas with the presence of molecular grade 4 features and those without.
    Key points: • ADC histogram profiles to predict molecular CNS WHO grade 4 status among histologically lower-grade adult diffuse gliomas were evaluated. • Entropy of ADC and age were independent predictive parameters for molecular grade 4 status. • ADC histogram analysis is useful for predicting molecular grade 4 among histologically lower-grade gliomas.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Glioma/diagnostic imaging ; Glioma/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1085366-2
    ISSN 1432-1084 ; 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
    ISSN (online) 1432-1084
    ISSN 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
    DOI 10.1007/s00330-023-10071-x
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  10. Article ; Online: Disturbance of neural coupling between upper and lower limbs during gait transition.

    Kibushi, Benio / Kihira, Naoto / Moritani, Toshio / Kouzaki, Motoki

    Neuroscience letters

    2021  Volume 761, Page(s) 136100

    Abstract: Humans spontaneously alternate between walking and running with a change in locomotion speed, which is termed gait transition. It has been suggested that sensory information in the muscle is a factor that triggers the gait transition; however, direct ... ...

    Abstract Humans spontaneously alternate between walking and running with a change in locomotion speed, which is termed gait transition. It has been suggested that sensory information in the muscle is a factor that triggers the gait transition; however, direct evidence for this has not been presented. In addition, it has been suggested that upper limb movement during human gait facilitates leg muscle activity due to the neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs. We hypothesized that a disturbance of afferent inputs in the neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs suppressively act on the gait transition. Here, we aimed to deepen the understanding of contribution of the afferent inputs in neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs to the gait transition. Eight participants performed spontaneous walk-to-run and run-to-walk transitions under two different conditions: Normal (arms swinging normally); and TIS (partial blocking of afferent inputs from the arms by inducing tourniquet ischemia). We compared the preferred gait transition speeds (PTS), joint angles, muscle activities, and muscle synergies between the two conditions. Control of coordinated muscle activities can be investigated by analyzing muscle synergies, which are groups of muscles that activate together. The PTS, joint angle profiles, muscle activity profiles, and muscle synergies were nearly identical between conditions (walk-to-run PTS at Normal and TIS: 6.9 ± 0.4 and 6.9 ± 0.4 km/h; run-to-walk PTS at Normal and TIS: 6.6 ± 0.4 and 6.5 ± 0.4 km/h; p = 0.869 and p = 0.402, respectively). Therefore, we conclude that the control of gait transition is little affected by disturbing the neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs by reducing afferent inputs from the forearms and distal upper arms. Our findings might reflect robustness of the neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs during locomotion against neural perturbations or disturbances.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Gait ; Humans ; Lower Extremity/physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Upper Extremity/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-05
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 194929-9
    ISSN 1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
    ISSN (online) 1872-7972
    ISSN 0304-3940
    DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136100
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