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Article ; Online: Long-term outcomes of the Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery in childhood glaucoma.

Mofti, Alaa / Alharbi, Amjad / Alsuhaibani, Marya / Aljaber, Ahmed / Altamimi, Lamees / Ahmad, Sameer / Al-Jadaan, Ibrahim / Malik, Rizwan

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

2020 Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 346.e1–346.e8

Abstract: Purpose: To report the rates of success of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) surgery in early childhood ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report the rates of success of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) surgery in early childhood glaucoma and factors associated with success. Methods: Children with primary congenital or early childhood secondary glaucoma who underwent AGV surgery over a 10-year period (one eye per child) at a single institution were identified. Surgical failure was defined as having one or more of the following: intraocular pressure of >21 mm Hg 3 months postoperatively, reoperation for glaucoma, and vision loss to no light perception. Results: A total of 178 patients were identified (median age, 5.8 ± 5.5 years): 125 with primary congenital and 53 with secondary childhood glaucoma. The success rate at 1 year was 92% (95% CI, 88%-96%); at 5 years, 64% (95% CI, 55%-73%); and at 10 years, 36% (95% CI, 25%-52%). Younger age at baseline (P = 0.003) and secondary childhood glaucoma (P = 0.045) were associated with lower success. Conclusions: The AGV is associated with high short-term success in children with primary congenital glaucoma, but the 10-year success rates are poor. Younger age and secondary childhood glaucoma may be associated with a more refractory outcome.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Postoperative Complications ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1412476-2
ISSN	1528-3933 ; 1091-8531
ISSN (online)	1528-3933
ISSN	1091-8531
DOI	10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.06.014
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Article ; Online: Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Revision in Pediatric Glaucoma.

Al-Omairi, Ahmed Mansour / Al Ameri, Aliah H / Al-Shahwan, Sami / Khan, Arif O / Al-Jadaan, Ibrahim / Mousa, Ahmed / Edward, Deepak P

American journal of ophthalmology

2017 Volume 183, Page(s) 141–146

Abstract: Purpose: Encapsulation of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) plate is a common cause for postoperative ...

Abstract	Purpose: Encapsulation of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) plate is a common cause for postoperative elevation of intraocular pressure, especially in children. Many reports have described the outcomes of AGV revision in adults. However, the outcomes of AGV revision in children are poorly documented. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of AGV revision in children. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients less than 15 years of age who underwent AGV revision with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 6 months was conducted. Outcome measures included reduction in intraocular pressure from baseline, survival analysis, and reduction in the number of antiglaucoma medications. Postoperative complications were also noted. Complete success was defined as an IOP of 21 mm Hg or less without medications, while qualified success was defined as having an IOP of 21 mm Hg or less with medications. Results: A total of 44 eyes met the inclusion criteria. Primary congenital glaucoma was present in 39 eyes (88.6%), aphakic glaucoma in 4 eyes (9.1%), and Peters anomaly-associated glaucoma in 1 eye (2.3%). The mean number of previous surgeries was 1.4, and the mean age was 6.7 years (range, 1.9-13 years) with a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 6-24 months). The IOP was reduced from a preoperative mean of 30.4 (± 10.3) to 24.9 (± 10.6) mm Hg at 6 months postoperatively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the complete success rate at 1 month was 100% followed by a rapid decline at 6 months to 38.6%, 27.7% at 1 year, and 5.5% at 2 years. Qualified success rate was 100% at 1 month followed by a 6-month and 1-year survival rate of approximately 50% and a 2-year survival rate of approximately 16%. The median survival time was 14 months. No specific risk factors for failure were identified. Visual acuity remained unchanged following revision. The most common complication was recurrence of encapsulation with elevated IOP (15.9%). Other complications included hyphema (n = 3; 6.8%), endophthalmitis (n = 1; 2.3%), wound leak (n = 1; 2.3%), and choroidal detachment (n = 2; 4.5%). Conclusion: Although the short-term success rate of AGV revision in children is high, with longer follow-up the success rate decreases significantly.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma/physiopathology ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants/adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/surgery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80030-2
ISSN	1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
ISSN (online)	1879-1891
ISSN	0002-9394
DOI	10.1016/j.ajo.2017.09.015
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Article ; Online: Comparison of the Ahmed and Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implants in the Treatment of Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Badawi, Abdulrahman H / Al Owaifeer, Adi Mohammed / Mofti, Alaa / Al-Shahwan, Sami / Al Jadaan, Ibrahim / Malik, Rizwan

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus

2023 Volume 60, Issue 6, Page(s) 448–454

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the outcomes of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) (New World Medical, Inc ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare the outcomes of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) (New World Medical, Inc) with the Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) (Johnson & Johnson Vision) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Methods: This was a retrospective review of children with PCG who underwent AGV or BGI implantation with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, success rate, complications, and surgical revisions. Results: The study included 153 eyes of 86 patients (120 eyes in the AGV group and 33 eyes in the BGI group), and the mean follow-up period was 58.7 ± 6.9 months in the AGV group and 58.5 ± 5.0 months in the BGI group. At baseline, IOP was lower in the AGV group (33 ± 6.3 vs 36.4 ± 6.1 months; Conclusions: Both the AGV and BGI were successful in providing adequate IOP control in patients with PCG. Long-term follow-up showed that the BGI was associated with a lower IOP, fewer glaucoma medications, and a higher success rate.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Visual Acuity ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Intraocular Pressure ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800921-1
ISSN	1938-2405 ; 0191-3913
ISSN (online)	1938-2405
ISSN	0191-3913
DOI	10.3928/01913913-20230119-02
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Tube Ligature on the Safety and Efficacy of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Surgery.

Al Owaifeer, Adi M / Alobaida, Ibrahim / Alrefaie, Shaimaa / Malik, Rizwan / Aljadaan, Ibrahim

Journal of glaucoma

2020 Volume 29, Issue 12, Page(s) 1173–1178

Abstract: Precis: In this matched case-control study, ligature of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) was ...

Abstract	Precis: In this matched case-control study, ligature of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) was associated with a reduction in the rate of postoperative complications without affecting the surgical success rate or the visual outcome following the procedure. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of AGV surgery with and without tube ligation. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, matched case-control study. A review was performed of patients who underwent AGV surgery with tube ligation between June 2015 and December 2017 (ligated AGV group). Cases were matched with controls who underwent AGV surgery without tube ligation (nonligated AGV group). Data were compared on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, surgical success rates, complications, and vision. Results: There were 49 eyes in the ligated AGV group, and 98 eyes in the nonligated AGV group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups except for the number of glaucoma medications (3.72±0.55 in the ligated AGV group vs. 3.92±0.92 in the nonligated AGV group; P<0.01). At 18 months, IOP was 16.7±6.3 mm Hg in the ligated AGV group and 17.3±8.0 mm Hg in the nonligated AGV group (P=0.76). In addition, the mean number of glaucoma medications was 2.38±1.10 in the ligated AGV group and 1.68±1.51 in the nonligated AGV group (P=0.56). The overall success rate at 12 months was similar between groups (P=0.84). The overall rate of complications was statistically lower in the ligated AGV group (28.6%) compared with the nonligated AGV group (73.5%) (P<0.01). The mean change in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution acuity was similar between groups (P=0.50). Conclusion: Tube ligation in AGV surgery may be an effective measure that reduces the rate of postoperative complications without affecting the success rate or visual outcomes of the surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma/physiopathology ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Ligation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	913494-3
ISSN	1536-481X ; 1057-0829
ISSN (online)	1536-481X
ISSN	1057-0829
DOI	10.1097/IJG.0000000000001661
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Article ; Online: Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of capsular tissue around failed Ahmed glaucoma valves.

Mahale, Alka / Fikri, Fatma / Al Hati, Khitam / Al Shahwan, Sami / Al Jadaan, Ibrahim / Al Katan, Hind / Khandekar, Rajiv / Maktabi, Azza / Edward, Deepak P

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) e0187506

Abstract: Impervious encapsulation around Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) results in surgical failure raising ...

Abstract	Impervious encapsulation around Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) results in surgical failure raising intraocular pressure (IOP). Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and cellular factors might contribute to increased hydraulic resistance to aqueous drainage. Therefore, we examined these molecules in failed AGV capsular tissue. Immunostaining for ECM molecules (collagen I, collagen III, decorin, lumican, chondroitin sulfate, aggrecan and keratan sulfate) and cellular factors (αSMA and TGFβ) was performed on excised capsules from failed AGVs and control tenon's tissue. Staining intensity of ECM molecules was assessed using Image J. Cellular factors were assessed based on positive cell counts. Histopathologically two distinct layers were visible in capsules. The inner layer (proximal to the AGV) showed significant decrease in most ECM molecules compared to outer layer. Furthermore, collagen III (p = 0.004), decorin (p = 0.02), lumican (p = 0.01) and chondroitin sulfate (p = 0.02) was significantly less in inner layer compared to tenon's tissue. Outer layer labelling however was similar to control tenon's for most ECM molecules. Significantly increased cellular expression of αSMA (p = 0.02) and TGFβ (p = 0.008) was detected within capsular tissue compared to controls. Our results suggest profibrotic activity indicated by increased αSMA and TGFβ expression and decreased expression of proteoglycan (decorin and lumican) and glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate). Additionally, we observed decreased collagen III which might reflect increased myofibroblast contractility when coupled with increased TGFβ and αSMA expression. Together these events lead to tissue dysfunction potentially resulting in hydraulic resistance that may affect aqueous flow through the capsular wall.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0187506
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Article ; Online: TERESSÜL OF AHMED-İ DÂİ AHMED-İ DÂÎNİN TERESSÜLÜ

Halil İbrahim HAKSEVER

Turkish Studies , Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1231-

2011 Volume 1239

Abstract: Ahmed Dai is a major poet in 14-15 century. Teressül which is one of the most among the works is ... of letter might be present in original text written out by the writer. Ahmed-i Dâî 14-15. yüzyılın büyük ... nüshası Manisa Muradiye Kütüphanesi 1856/3’te kayıtlıdır.Eser 9 yapraktan ibarettir. Ahmed Daî eserini ...

Abstract	Ahmed Dai is a major poet in 14-15 century. Teressül which is one of the most among the works is initial work has known now variety of Münşeat in Turkish literature. The work explains rules of letter writing procedure. Unique and insufficient copy of the work in our hands is registered at the Manisa Muradiye Library 1856/3. The work consists of 9 sheets. Ahmet Dai indicates that it is written out with unsophisticated Turkish in order to be helpful and useful, it is made a beginning with basmala, glorification and pray in compliance with islamic traditions. The author had put in order 10 number of rules of letter writing under the title of “politeness” after that he had given information about caption and sobriquet as writing a letter to formal and informal person. Three number of representative sample of letters are also given a place in the work. Text of copy in our hands finished before third letter finished.Further representative samples of letter might be present in original text written out by the writer. Ahmed-i Dâî 14-15. yüzyılın büyük şairlerindendir. Eserleri arasında önemli bir yere sahip olan Teressül, Türk edebiyatında münşeat türünün şimdilik bilinen ilk eseridir. Eser mektup yazma usul ve kurallarını anlatır. Eserin elimizdeki tek ve eksik bir nüshası Manisa Muradiye Kütüphanesi 1856/3’te kayıtlıdır.Eser 9 yapraktan ibarettir. Ahmed Daî eserini faydalı ve kullanışlı olması için sade bir Türkçe ile kaleme aldığını belirtmiş; İslamî geleneğe uygun olarak besmele, hamd ve dua ile başlamıştır. Yazar “edeb” başlığı altında on tane mektup yazma kuralı sıralamış, sonra resmî ve gayrı resmî kişilere mektup yazarken kullanılacak ünvan ve lâkapları vermiştir. Eserde üç tane de temsilî mektup örneğine yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü mektup bitmeden elimizdeki nüsha metni sona ermiştir.Yazarın kaleme aldığı orijinal metinde muhtemelen başka mektup örnekleri de bulunmalıdır.
Keywords	Teressül ; Münşeat ; Ahmed Dai Teressül ; Ahmed-i Daî ; History (General) and history of Europe ; D ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Altered expression of fibrosis genes in capsules of failed Ahmed glaucoma valve implants.

Mahale, Alka / Othman, Maha W / Al Shahwan, Sami / Al Jadaan, Ibrahim / Owaydha, Ohood / Khan, Zahid / Edward, Deepak P

PloS one

2015 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e0122409

Abstract: Purpose: Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant is an aqueous shunt device used to control ...

Abstract	Purpose: Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant is an aqueous shunt device used to control intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Implant failure results from impervious encapsulation of the shunt plate causing increased hydraulic resistance and raised intraocular pressure. We hypothesized that deregulation of fibrosis pathway contributes to capsular resistance. We tested this by studying fibrosis related gene expression in failed AGV implants. Methods: Differential gene expression was examined in failed AGV capsules and compared to normal control tenon. Following total RNA extraction, 84 key genes in fibrosis pathway were examined by real-time PCR using RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Relative gene expression was calculated using ΔΔCt method. Gene specific TaqMan assays were used to validate select genes with ≥2 fold differential expression in the array expression profile. Results: We observed differential expression in several genes in the fibrosis pathway. Almost half (39/84) of examined genes showed ≥2 fold differential expression in majority of capsules examined on the array. TaqMan assays for select genes including CCN2 (CTGF), THBS1, SERPINE1, THBS2, COL3A1, MMP3, and IL1A in an increased validation sample set showed significant changes in expression (p value from <0.001 to 0.022) at a high frequency in concurrence with our array results. Conclusions: Pathway-focused analyses identified candidate genes with altered expression providing molecular evidence for deregulation of the fibrosis pathway in AGV failure.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fibrosis/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Glaucoma/physiopathology ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0122409
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Article ; Online: Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of capsular tissue around failed Ahmed glaucoma valves.

Alka Mahale / Fatma Fikri / Khitam Al Hati / Sami Al Shahwan / Ibrahim Al Jadaan / Hind Al Katan / Rajiv Khandekar / Azza Maktabi / Deepak P Edward

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 11, p e

2017 Volume 0187506

Abstract: Impervious encapsulation around Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) results in surgical failure raising ...

Abstract	Impervious encapsulation around Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) results in surgical failure raising intraocular pressure (IOP). Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and cellular factors might contribute to increased hydraulic resistance to aqueous drainage. Therefore, we examined these molecules in failed AGV capsular tissue. Immunostaining for ECM molecules (collagen I, collagen III, decorin, lumican, chondroitin sulfate, aggrecan and keratan sulfate) and cellular factors (αSMA and TGFβ) was performed on excised capsules from failed AGVs and control tenon's tissue. Staining intensity of ECM molecules was assessed using Image J. Cellular factors were assessed based on positive cell counts. Histopathologically two distinct layers were visible in capsules. The inner layer (proximal to the AGV) showed significant decrease in most ECM molecules compared to outer layer. Furthermore, collagen III (p = 0.004), decorin (p = 0.02), lumican (p = 0.01) and chondroitin sulfate (p = 0.02) was significantly less in inner layer compared to tenon's tissue. Outer layer labelling however was similar to control tenon's for most ECM molecules. Significantly increased cellular expression of αSMA (p = 0.02) and TGFβ (p = 0.008) was detected within capsular tissue compared to controls. Our results suggest profibrotic activity indicated by increased αSMA and TGFβ expression and decreased expression of proteoglycan (decorin and lumican) and glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate). Additionally, we observed decreased collagen III which might reflect increased myofibroblast contractility when coupled with increased TGFβ and αSMA expression. Together these events lead to tissue dysfunction potentially resulting in hydraulic resistance that may affect aqueous flow through the capsular wall.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection before Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in neovascular glaucoma.

Sevim, Mehmet Sahin / Buttanri, Ibrahim Bulent / Kugu, Suleyman / Serin, Didem / Sevim, Semra

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde

2013 Volume 229, Issue 2, Page(s) 94–100

Abstract: ... before Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).: Methods ...

Abstract	Purpose: To assess the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) before Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Methods: This retrospective, comparative and consecutive case series study included 41 eyes from 41 patients who underwent AGV implantation for treatment of NVG. The study group was composed of 19 patients (19 eyes) to whom IVB was administered before surgery, while the control group was composed of 22 patients (22 eyes) to whom IVB was not administered before AGV implantation. Findings such as intraocular pressures measured before and after surgery, surgical success rates, and postoperative complications were compared between the groups. Results: There were no significant differences in preoperative data between groups. The surgical success rate in the study group (79%) was better than in the control group (64%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.28). Early postoperative complications such as fibrinous reaction in the anterior chamber as well as hyphema were less frequently observed in the study group. Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab is a useful preparatory step to safely and effectively implant an aqueous shunting tube in eyes with severe NVG and intractable intraocular pressure.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage ; Bevacizumab ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Glaucoma, Neovascular/drug therapy ; Glaucoma, Neovascular/physiopathology ; Glaucoma, Neovascular/surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Preoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Visual Acuity
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209735-7
ISSN	1423-0267 ; 0030-3755
ISSN (online)	1423-0267
ISSN	0030-3755
DOI	10.1159/000345490
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Article ; Online: Altered expression of fibrosis genes in capsules of failed Ahmed glaucoma valve implants.

Alka Mahale / Maha W Othman / Sami Al Shahwan / Ibrahim Al Jadaan / Ohood Owaydha / Zahid Khan / Deepak P Edward

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 4, p e

2015 Volume 0122409

Abstract: PURPOSE:Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant is an aqueous shunt device used to control ...

Abstract	PURPOSE:Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant is an aqueous shunt device used to control intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Implant failure results from impervious encapsulation of the shunt plate causing increased hydraulic resistance and raised intraocular pressure. We hypothesized that deregulation of fibrosis pathway contributes to capsular resistance. We tested this by studying fibrosis related gene expression in failed AGV implants. METHODS:Differential gene expression was examined in failed AGV capsules and compared to normal control tenon. Following total RNA extraction, 84 key genes in fibrosis pathway were examined by real-time PCR using RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Relative gene expression was calculated using ΔΔCt method. Gene specific TaqMan assays were used to validate select genes with ≥2 fold differential expression in the array expression profile. RESULTS:We observed differential expression in several genes in the fibrosis pathway. Almost half (39/84) of examined genes showed ≥2 fold differential expression in majority of capsules examined on the array. TaqMan assays for select genes including CCN2 (CTGF), THBS1, SERPINE1, THBS2, COL3A1, MMP3, and IL1A in an increased validation sample set showed significant changes in expression (p value from <0.001 to 0.022) at a high frequency in concurrence with our array results. CONCLUSIONS:Pathway-focused analyses identified candidate genes with altered expression providing molecular evidence for deregulation of the fibrosis pathway in AGV failure.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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