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  1. Article ; Online: An EU landmark for AI governance.

    Gasser, Urs

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 380, Issue 6651, Page(s) 1203

    Abstract: A groundbreaking draft law adopted with overwhelming majority by the European Parliament provides a glimpse into the future of governance of artificial intelligence (AI). The AI Act (AIA) aims to safeguard fundamental rights and ensure the ethical ... ...

    Abstract A groundbreaking draft law adopted with overwhelming majority by the European Parliament provides a glimpse into the future of governance of artificial intelligence (AI). The AI Act (AIA) aims to safeguard fundamental rights and ensure the ethical development of AI in Europe and beyond. It is the most ambitious framework to date designed to guide the development and usage of AI. The vote echoes a growing chorus of researchers from various disciplines calling for guardrails to govern powerful AI. Although AIA's final form will emerge from talks with the European Council and the Commission, the decision by Europe's influential law-making body offers a timely opportunity for the AI research community to brace for impact, which is expected to reverberate across borders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.adj1627
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  2. Book: Big Data, health law, and bioethics

    Cohen, I. Glenn / Lynch, Holly Fernandez / Vayena, Effy / Gasser, Urs

    2018  

    Author's details edited by I. Glenn Cohen, Holly Fernandez Lynch, Effy Vayena, Urs Gasser
    Keywords Data Mining ; Health Policy ; Legislation, Medical ; Bioethical Issues ; Privacy ; United States ; USA ; Gesundheitswesen ; Big Data ; Datenanalyse ; Personenbezogene Daten ; Bioethik
    Subject Persönliche Daten ; Mikrodaten ; Individualdaten ; Personendaten ; Statistische Auswertung ; Datenauswertung ; Statistische Datenanalyse ; Data analysis ; Data-analysis ; Massendaten ; Mass Data ; Gesundheitsdienst ; Gesundheitssystem ; Gesundheitswirtschaft ; Medizinalwesen ; Medizinalsystem
    Language English
    Size xvii, 354 Seiten
    Publisher Cambridge University Press
    Publishing place Cambridge
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT019764072
    ISBN 978-1-107-19365-9 ; 978-1-108-44967-0 ; 9781108153645 ; 1-107-19365-6 ; 1-108-44967-0 ; 110815364X
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2018 A 1238 available for loan (reading room) Lesesaal EG

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  3. Article ; Online: Measuring the counterion cloud of soft microgels using SANS with contrast variation.

    Zhou, Boyang / Gasser, Urs / Fernandez-Nieves, Alberto

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3827

    Abstract: The behavior of microgels and other soft, compressible colloids depends on particle concentration in ways that are absent in their hard-particulate counterparts. For instance, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) microgels can spontaneously deswell and ... ...

    Abstract The behavior of microgels and other soft, compressible colloids depends on particle concentration in ways that are absent in their hard-particulate counterparts. For instance, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) microgels can spontaneously deswell and reduce suspension polydispersity when concentrated enough. Despite the pNIPAM network in these microgels is neutral, the key to understanding this distinct behavior relies on the existence of peripheric charged groups, responsible for providing colloidal stability when deswollen, and the associated counterion cloud. When in close proximity, clouds of different particles overlap, effectively freeing the associated counterions, which are then able to exert an osmotic pressure that can potentially cause the microgels to decrease their size. Up to now, however, no direct measurement of such an ionic cloud exists, perhaps even also for hard colloids, where it is referred to as an electric double layer. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation with different ions to isolate the change in the form factor directly related to the counterion cloud, and obtain its radius and width. Our results highlight that the modeling of microgel suspensions must unavoidably and explicitly consider the presence of this cloud, which exists for nearly all microgels synthesized today.
    MeSH term(s) Microgels ; Gels ; Temperature ; Osmotic Pressure
    Chemical Substances Microgels ; Gels
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-39378-5
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  4. Article: Regulating AI in medicine in the United States and Europe.

    Vokinger, Kerstin N / Gasser, Urs

    Nature machine intelligence

    2021  Volume 3, Issue 9, Page(s) 738–739

    Abstract: The regulatory landscape for artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping up on both sides of the Atlantic, urgently awaited by the scientific and industrial community. Commonalities and differences start to crystallize in the approaches to AI in medicine. ...

    Abstract The regulatory landscape for artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping up on both sides of the Atlantic, urgently awaited by the scientific and industrial community. Commonalities and differences start to crystallize in the approaches to AI in medicine.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2522-5839
    ISSN 2522-5839
    DOI 10.1038/s42256-021-00386-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Measuring the counterion cloud of soft microgels using SANS with contrast variation

    Boyang Zhou / Urs Gasser / Alberto Fernandez-Nieves

    Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 7

    Abstract: Abstract The behavior of microgels and other soft, compressible colloids depends on particle concentration in ways that are absent in their hard-particulate counterparts. For instance, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) microgels can spontaneously ... ...

    Abstract Abstract The behavior of microgels and other soft, compressible colloids depends on particle concentration in ways that are absent in their hard-particulate counterparts. For instance, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) microgels can spontaneously deswell and reduce suspension polydispersity when concentrated enough. Despite the pNIPAM network in these microgels is neutral, the key to understanding this distinct behavior relies on the existence of peripheric charged groups, responsible for providing colloidal stability when deswollen, and the associated counterion cloud. When in close proximity, clouds of different particles overlap, effectively freeing the associated counterions, which are then able to exert an osmotic pressure that can potentially cause the microgels to decrease their size. Up to now, however, no direct measurement of such an ionic cloud exists, perhaps even also for hard colloids, where it is referred to as an electric double layer. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation with different ions to isolate the change in the form factor directly related to the counterion cloud, and obtain its radius and width. Our results highlight that the modeling of microgel suspensions must unavoidably and explicitly consider the presence of this cloud, which exists for nearly all microgels synthesized today.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Real and In-Silico Microgels Show Comparable Bulk Moduli Below and Above the Volume Phase Transition.

    Höfken, Tom / Gasser, Urs / Schneider, Stefanie / Petrunin, Alexander V / Scotti, Andrea

    Macromolecular rapid communications

    2024  , Page(s) e2400043

    Abstract: The compressibility of soft colloids influences their phase behavior and flow properties, especially in concentrated suspensions. Particle compressibility, which is proportional to the reciprocal of the bulk modulus K, is a key parameter for soft polymer- ...

    Abstract The compressibility of soft colloids influences their phase behavior and flow properties, especially in concentrated suspensions. Particle compressibility, which is proportional to the reciprocal of the bulk modulus K, is a key parameter for soft polymer-based particles that can be compressed in crowded environments. Here, microgels with different degrees of crosslinking, i.e. softness, are investigated below and above their volume phase transition temperature VPTT. By combining molecular dynamics simulations with small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation, a change in the particle bulk moduli of two orders of magnitude is observed. The degree of crosslinking has a significant impact on the bulk modulus of the swollen microgel, while above the VPTT the values of K are almost independent of the crosslinking density. The excellent agreement between experimental results and simulations also highlight that the model microgels posses both the internal architecture and the elastic properties of real polymeric networks. This paves the way to a systematic use of simulations to investigate the behavior of dense microgel suspensions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1475027-2
    ISSN 1521-3927 ; 1022-1336
    ISSN (online) 1521-3927
    ISSN 1022-1336
    DOI 10.1002/marc.202400043
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  7. Article: Disulfide-Cross-Linked Tetra-PEG Gels.

    Meng, Zhao / Löser, Lucas / Saalwächter, Kay / Gasser, Urs / Klok, Harm-Anton

    Macromolecules

    2024  Volume 57, Issue 7, Page(s) 3058–3065

    Abstract: The preparation of polymer gels via cross-linking of four-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) precursors is an attractive strategy to prepare networks with relatively well-defined topologies. Typically, Tetra-PEG gels are obtained by cross- ... ...

    Abstract The preparation of polymer gels via cross-linking of four-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) precursors is an attractive strategy to prepare networks with relatively well-defined topologies. Typically, Tetra-PEG gels are obtained by cross-linking heterocomplementary reactive Tetra-PEG precursors. This study, in contrast, explores the cross-linking of self-reactive, thiol-end functional Tetra-PEG macromers to form disulfide-cross-linked gels. The structure of the disulfide-cross-linked Tetra-PEG gels was studied with multiple-quantum NMR (MQ-NMR) spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. In line with earlier simulation studies, these experiments showed a strong dependence of the relative fractions of the different network connectivities on the concentration of the thiol-end functional Tetra-PEG macromer that was used for the synthesis of the networks. Disulfide-cross-linked Tetra-PEG gels prepared at macromer concentrations below the overlap concentration (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3436-8
    ISSN 0024-9297
    ISSN 0024-9297
    DOI 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02514
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  8. Article ; Online: Experimental determination of the bulk moduli of hollow nanogels.

    Scotti, Andrea / Gasser, Urs / Petrunin, Alexander V / Fruhner, Lisa / Richtering, Walter / Houston, Judith E

    Soft matter

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 31, Page(s) 5750–5758

    Abstract: The softness of an object can be quantified by one of the fundamental elastic moduli. The bulk modulus of the particle is most appropriate in the presence of isotropic compressions. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation to ... ...

    Abstract The softness of an object can be quantified by one of the fundamental elastic moduli. The bulk modulus of the particle is most appropriate in the presence of isotropic compressions. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation to directly access the bulk modulus of polymeric nanocapsules - pNIPAM-based hollow nanogels. We show that the size of the cavity is the most important quantity that determines the softness of hollow nanogels. During initial compression, the polymer collapses into the cavity and leads to a large change in the particle volume, resulting in a very small initial bulk modulus. Once the cavity is partially occupied by the polymer, the hollow nanogels become significantly stiffer since now the highly crosslinked network has to be compressed. Furthermore, we show that the larger the cavity, the softer the nanogel.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2191476-X
    ISSN 1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
    ISSN (online) 1744-6848
    ISSN 1744-683X
    DOI 10.1039/d2sm00680d
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  9. Article ; Online: Between Openness and Privacy in Genomics.

    Vayena, Effy / Gasser, Urs

    PLoS medicine

    2016  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e1001937

    MeSH term(s) Databases, Genetic/ethics ; Databases, Genetic/standards ; Genetic Privacy/ethics ; Genetic Privacy/standards ; Genomics/ethics ; Genomics/standards ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185925-5
    ISSN 1549-1676 ; 1549-1277
    ISSN (online) 1549-1676
    ISSN 1549-1277
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001937
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  10. Article ; Online: How NFTs could transform health information exchange.

    Kostick-Quenet, Kristin / Mandl, Kenneth D / Minssen, Timo / Cohen, I Glenn / Gasser, Urs / Kohane, Isaac / McGuire, Amy L

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 375, Issue 6580, Page(s) 500–502

    Abstract: Figure: see text]. ...

    Abstract [Figure: see text].
    MeSH term(s) Access to Information ; Blockchain ; Computer Security ; Electronic Health Records ; Health Information Exchange ; Health Records, Personal ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Intellectual Property ; Privacy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.abm2004
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