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Article ; Online: Workplace safety concerns in medico-legal death investigations related to COVID-19.

Shrestha, Rijen / Krishan, Kewal / Kanchan, Tanuj

Journal of infection in developing countries

2021 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 247–253

Abstract: The personnel involved in the management of COVID-19 affected dead bodies, including law enforcement personnel at the scene of crime, personnel involved in transportation of the dead bodies, forensic practitioners, autopsy pathologists, mortuary ... ...

Abstract	The personnel involved in the management of COVID-19 affected dead bodies, including law enforcement personnel at the scene of crime, personnel involved in transportation of the dead bodies, forensic practitioners, autopsy pathologists, mortuary personnel, as well as the family members of the dead, etc. are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Post-mortem examination is a high-risk procedure, considering that it involves aerosol generating procedures, and exposure to body fluids. The safety of the forensic practitioners and support staff in the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 deaths hence, is of extreme importance, especially in the absence of pre-autopsy testing for COVID-19 and due to non-availability of adequate first-hand medical history of the deceased. This communication aims to highlight the current practices and advises certain guidelines in ensuring occupational health and safety in view of these risks in medico-legal death investigations.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Crime Victims ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Mortuary Practice/methods ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Police ; Workplace
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-07
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2394024-4
ISSN	1972-2680 ; 2036-6590
ISSN (online)	1972-2680
ISSN	2036-6590
DOI	10.3855/jidc.14584
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sex estimation from fingerprint ridge density. A review of literature.

Sharma, Siddharatha / Shrestha, Rijen / Krishan, Kewal / Kanchan, Tanuj

Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis

2021 Volume 92, Issue 5, Page(s) e2021366

Abstract: Identification has always been very vital in forensic casework. Fingerprint patterns are population-specific and individualistic, that makes fingerprinting an important biological trait in human biology and forensics. Fingerprint is an impression of the ... ...

Abstract	Identification has always been very vital in forensic casework. Fingerprint patterns are population-specific and individualistic, that makes fingerprinting an important biological trait in human biology and forensics. Fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of the finger-ball, where friction ridges are raised portions of the epidermis. Skin on human fingertips contains ridges and valleys which together forms distinctive patterns. These patterns are fully developed in intra-uterine life and remain unaltered until the death of the individual. Injuries such as cuts, burns and bruises can temporarily damage quality of fingerprints but when fully healed, the patterns are restored. The number of ridges present in a unit area on a fingerprint is called the Fingerprint Ridge Density (FPRD). The epidermal ridge density can be determined by examining two parameters - ridge width and distance between the ridges. The thickness of the epidermal ridges varies between individuals and between the sexes. The present review of literature focuses on the sexual dimorphism on the basis of the FPRD and its possible use in forensic examinations. Most of the studies pertaining to the estimation of sex from the FPRD have been conducted in the last two decades when Mark A. Acree in 1999, devised a method of estimation of sex on Caucasian and African-American descent. The present analysis evaluates the studies found in the PubMed database conducted after Acree, 1999. The estimation of sex from the FPRD is based upon the fact that the females have a fine detailing of ridges and consequently more ridges are covered in a unit space in the fingerprints of females as compared to males. The paper also highlights -recent advancements and future perspectives in the area of FPRD. (www.actabiomedica.it).
MeSH term(s)	Dermatoglyphics ; Female ; Fingers ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-03
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2114240-3
ISSN	2531-6745 ; 0392-4203
ISSN (online)	2531-6745
ISSN	0392-4203
DOI	10.23750/abm.v92i5.11471
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Article ; Online: Medico-legal encounters of 2015 Nepal earthquake - Path traversed and the road ahead.

Shrestha, Rijen / Krishan, Kewal / Kanchan, Tanuj

Forensic science international

2020 Volume 313, Page(s) 110339

Abstract: The Gorkha Earthquake hit the region on 25th of April 2015, at 12:58, with the epicentre approximately 80 km N-NW of Kathmandu, recording 7.8 ... ...

Abstract	The Gorkha Earthquake hit the region on 25th of April 2015, at 12:58, with the epicentre approximately 80 km N-NW of Kathmandu, recording 7.8 M
MeSH term(s)	Disaster Victims ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Forensic Medicine/organization & administration ; Humans ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Nepal ; Rescue Work
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-14
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110339
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Article ; Online: Dignity and rights of the dead and their families: A compromise in the time of coronavirus disease 2019.

Shrestha, Rijen / Krishan, Kewal / Kanchan, Tanuj

Medicine, science, and the law

2020 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 58–60

Abstract: The biological aspects and economic impact of coronavirus disease 2019 have been extensively discussed in the literature. However the social, cultural and legal aspects of the pandemic, especially regarding the dignity and rights of the deceased and ... ...

Abstract	The biological aspects and economic impact of coronavirus disease 2019 have been extensively discussed in the literature. However the social, cultural and legal aspects of the pandemic, especially regarding the dignity and rights of the deceased and their families - have so far received little attention. This communication discusses restrictions and violations of the rights of the deceased and their families and their privileges to carry out funerary practices and rituals during the pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
MeSH term(s)	Burial ; COVID-19 ; Cadaver ; Funeral Rites ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Respect
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	301137-9
ISSN	2042-1818 ; 0025-8024
ISSN (online)	2042-1818
ISSN	0025-8024
DOI	10.1177/0025802420945937
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Article ; Online: Need for Prioritizing Health

Rijen Shrestha / Samata Nepal / Alok Atreya

Journal of Lumbini Medical College, Vol 8, Iss

An Old War-Cry Reiterated By COVID-19

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: The poor state of health care in Nepal will be burdened further following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The government failed in timely stockpiling of medical supplies and equipment, development of health infrastructure, including laboratories and quarantine ... ...

Abstract	The poor state of health care in Nepal will be burdened further following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The government failed in timely stockpiling of medical supplies and equipment, development of health infrastructure, including laboratories and quarantine centres, restriction and screening of international travel and information dissemination to the general public. While efforts have now been made to increase the capacity for diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2, the government still needs to further increase the availability and accessibility throughout the country. This would be the first step in fighting the pandemic. However, it is also important to prepare for the worst case. Similarly, advocacy programs should be developed to inform the general public and alleviate their fears about the disease. These measures would not only help Nepal’s capability to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak but could lay the foundations to improve the health of the citizens in general, even after this epidemic is controlled and could go a long way in developing trust of the government in the populace.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; health policy ; Nepal ; pandemic ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; covid19
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Lumbini Medical College
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Post-mortem ultrasonography: a safer alternative to autopsies in COVID-19 deaths.

Kanchan, Tanuj / Shrestha, Rijen / Krishan, Kewal

Journal of ultrasound

2020 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 577–578

Abstract: Ultrasonography is known to have many applications in the diagnoses of diseases, as well as in guiding medical practitioners through precise medical procedures. However, its use as a post-mortem radiographic modality has been limited. Post-mortem ... ...

Abstract	Ultrasonography is known to have many applications in the diagnoses of diseases, as well as in guiding medical practitioners through precise medical procedures. However, its use as a post-mortem radiographic modality has been limited. Post-mortem ultrasonographic techniques are considered to be a safer alternative to high-risk post-mortem procedures, especially in infectious diseases. The present communication discusses the possibilities of using ultrasonography in post-mortem examinations in times of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic to minimize the associated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection of those working in mortuaries during full-body dissection in traditional autopsies. Post-mortem ultrasonography can be useful in reducing the extent of autopsies, thus decreasing the risk of exposure of forensic personnel.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy/methods ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/pathology ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ultrasonography
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-31
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2365426-0
ISSN	1876-7931 ; 1971-3495
ISSN (online)	1876-7931
ISSN	1971-3495
DOI	10.1007/s40477-020-00531-1
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Article ; Online: Characteristic Features of Ear and Ear-Prints in Forensic Identification.

Rani, Deepika / Krishan, Kewal / Sahani, Ramesh / Shrestha, Rijen / Kanchan, Tanuj

The Journal of craniofacial surgery

2021 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 1093–1098

Abstract: Introduction and objectives: The human external ear is a morphologically perplexing structure with wide variations in its features across individuals. Advances in forensic science have established the use of morphological features and prints of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction and objectives: The human external ear is a morphologically perplexing structure with wide variations in its features across individuals. Advances in forensic science have established the use of morphological features and prints of different parts of the human body in establishing the identity of an individual. The present study aims to establish such an identification process by examining the use of comparative analysis of ear prints and ear photographs. Methodology: The study examined the morphological features of ear prints of 140 participants (71 males and 69 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years (with a mean age of 20.22 ± 1.77 years), recruited from a North Indian population. Prints of both the ears were recorded, using the inking method. The morphological features of the ear prints were compared with the photographs of the ear for their uniqueness and individualization using likelihood ratios. Results: The degree ofantihelix curvature demonstrated the highest correlation (98.57%) between the morphological features visible on the ear and the expressions of these features in an ear print. The impression of earlobes, Darwin tubercle, crus of the helix, and shape of the external ear showed accuracy between 70% and 90%, whereas correlations below 70% accuracy were recorded for the other features. The likelihood ratios for 12 parameters were reported to be more than 10x, representing that the identification made using these parameters was > 10 times more likely to be true identification as compared to false positives. Moreover, 5 parameters were found to show high sensitivity, with values greater than 3 standard deviations (0.997), with an additional 9 parameters found to have good sensitivity at values greater than 2 standard deviations (<0.95). Similarly, 2 parameters were found to show high specificity, with values greater than 3 standard deviations (0.997), with an additional 18 parameters found to have good sensitivity at values greater than 2 standard deviations (<0.95). Conclusions: Elevated features of the ear, such as helix, antihelix, antitragus, tragus, and inter-tragic notch; particularly the degree of antihelix curvature, are more easily impressed and identifiable on an ear print. The results support that ear prints may provide important clues to assist in establishing the identity of an individual if several morphological features are evaluated concurrently.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Ear Auricle ; Ear, External ; Female ; Forensic Sciences/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159501-2
ISSN	1536-3732 ; 1049-2275
ISSN (online)	1536-3732
ISSN	1049-2275
DOI	10.1097/SCS.0000000000008056
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Article ; Online: When sexual offence is an unexpected diagnosis - exploration of medical, legal and social aspects in Nepalese scenario.

Atreya, Alok / Shrestha, Rijen / Nepal, Binu / Nepal, Samata / Shrestha, Deepak / Mahato, Sweta

The Medico-legal journal

2020 Volume 88, Issue 4, Page(s) 192–195

Abstract: In Nepal, following allegations of sexual assault, the survivor is taken by the police to a Government Hospital for medical examination and sample collection. To provide an integrated service to survivors of gender-based violence, a One-Stop Crisis ... ...

Abstract	In Nepal, following allegations of sexual assault, the survivor is taken by the police to a Government Hospital for medical examination and sample collection. To provide an integrated service to survivors of gender-based violence, a One-Stop Crisis Management Centre (OCMC) is established in many Government Hospitals. However, paediatric survivors of sexual abuse frequently seek initial care at the emergency department, as most present with a medical complaint rather than for sexual abuse. It is therefore important to train emergency physicians with the skills required to identify the features and diagnose a case of sexual assault. We present a case where the diagnosis of sexual assault of a child was an incidental finding and discuss the challenges faced in dealing with such cases in non-OCMC Hospital.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis ; Child Abuse, Sexual/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Nepal ; Physical Examination ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	390918-9
ISSN	2042-1834 ; 0025-8172
ISSN (online)	2042-1834
ISSN	0025-8172
DOI	10.1177/0025817220935878
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Article ; Online: Sex Predictability by Using Mandibular Canine Index.

Atreya, Alok / Shrestha, Rijen / Tuladhar, Lujaw Ratna / Nepal, Samata / Shrestha, Raju / Sah, Sanjay Kumar

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council

2020 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 501–505

Abstract: Background: Canines are known for their higher resistance to trauma and pathological alterations when compared to other teeth. Among all the teeth, canines show highest sexual dimorphism.: Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was commenced ...

Abstract	Background: Canines are known for their higher resistance to trauma and pathological alterations when compared to other teeth. Among all the teeth, canines show highest sexual dimorphism. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was commenced from January 2019 to April 2019 after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. The maximum mesio-distal widths of right and left mandibular canines and mandibular inter-canine arch width were measured on the cast with the help of a divider and digital vernier callipers. Mandibular canine index was calculated by dividing the mesio-distal width of each mandibular canine with inter-canine arch width. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Sex predictability by using mandibular canine index in the present study showed poor sex predictability (57.5% - 62.5%). Conclusions: Sex determination should be done by other methods and mandibular canine index should be used cautiously in Nepalese population.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Forensic Dentistry/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Nepal ; Odontometry/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sex Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-21
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2551251-1
ISSN	1999-6217 ; 1727-5482
ISSN (online)	1999-6217
ISSN	1727-5482
DOI	10.33314/jnhrc.v17i4.2187
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Article: Dignity and rights of the dead and their families: A compromise in the time of coronavirus disease 2019

Shrestha, Rijen / Krishan, Kewal / Kanchan, Tanuj

Med Sci Law

Abstract	The biological aspects and economic impact of coronavirus disease 2019 have been extensively discussed in the literature. However the social, cultural and legal aspects of the pandemic, especially regarding the dignity and rights of the deceased and their families - have so far received little attention. This communication discusses restrictions and violations of the rights of the deceased and their families and their privileges to carry out funerary practices and rituals during the pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #691115
Database	COVID19

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