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Article ; Online: The effect of repeated hurricanes on the age of organic carbon in humid tropical forest soil.

Mayer, Allegra C / McFarlane, Karis J / Silver, Whendee L

2024 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) e17265

Abstract: ... organic carbon (C) stocks in tropical forests. We examined the cycling of C between soil pools and with depth ... We used a nonlinear matrix model of soil C pools and fluxes ("soilR") and constrained the parameters ... transit times of soil C in 0-10 cm and 35-60 cm depths relative to a modeled control soil with constant inputs ...

Abstract	Increasing hurricane frequency and intensity with climate change is likely to affect soil organic carbon (C) stocks in tropical forests. We examined the cycling of C between soil pools and with depth at the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico in soils over a 30-year period that spanned repeated hurricanes. We used a nonlinear matrix model of soil C pools and fluxes ("soilR") and constrained the parameters with soil and litter survey data. Soil chemistry and stable and radiocarbon isotopes were measured from three soil depths across a topographic gradient in 1988 and 2018. Our results suggest that pulses and subsequent reduction of inputs caused by severe hurricanes in 1989, 1998, and two in 2017 led to faster mean transit times of soil C in 0-10 cm and 35-60 cm depths relative to a modeled control soil with constant inputs over the 30-year period. Between 1988 and 2018, the occluded C stock increased and δ
MeSH term(s)	Soil ; Carbon ; Cyclonic Storms ; Forests ; Minerals
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Minerals
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.17265
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Article: Incidence and Outcomes of Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Failed Bioprosthetic Valves.

Stolte, Thorald / Boeddinghaus, Jasper / Allegra, Giampiero / Leibundgut, Gregor / Reuthebuch, Oliver / Kaiser, Christoph / Müller, Christian / Nestelberger, Thomas

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 18

Abstract: Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a widely used, comparably efficient and safe alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Its utilization continues to grow, especially among younger patients. Despite ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a widely used, comparably efficient and safe alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Its utilization continues to grow, especially among younger patients. Despite improvements in durability, degeneration and subsequent re-interventions of failed prosthetic valves are still common. Even though valve-in-valve procedures have become more frequent, little is known about the trends over time or about clinical and echocardiographic long-term outcomes. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent a valve-in-valve procedure between December 2011 and December 2022 in a large tertiary university hospital were analyzed. Primary outcomes were defined as procedural and device successes as well as event-free survival. Secondary analyses between subsets of patients divided by index valve and date of procedure were performed. Results: Among 1407 procedures, 58 (4%) were valve-in-valve interventions, with an increased frequency observed over time. Overall, technical success was achieved in 88% and device success in 85% of patients. Complications were predominantly minor, with similar success rates among TAVR-in-SAVR (TiSAVR) and TAVR-in-TAVR (TiTAVR). Notably, there were significant and lasting improvements in mean echocardiographic gradients at 1 year. Event-free survival was 76% at one month and 69% at one year. Conclusions: Over the last decade, a rising trend of valve-in-valve procedures was observed. Despite an increase in procedures, complications show a contrasting decline with improved technical and device success over time. TiSAVR and TiTAVR showed comparable rates of procedural and device success as well as similar outcomes, highlighting the utility of valve-in-valve procedures in an aging population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12185868
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Article ; Online: NSABP FB-10: a phase Ib/II trial evaluating ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) with neratinib in women with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.

Breast cancer research : BCR

2024 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 69

Abstract: Background: We previously reported our phase Ib trial, testing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of T-DM1 + neratinib in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Patients with ERBB2 amplification in ctDNA had deeper and more durable ... ...

Abstract	Background: We previously reported our phase Ib trial, testing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of T-DM1 + neratinib in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Patients with ERBB2 amplification in ctDNA had deeper and more durable responses. This study extends these observations with in-depth analysis of molecular markers and mechanisms of resistance in additional patients. Methods: Forty-nine HER2-positive patients (determined locally) who progressed on-treatment with trastuzumab + pertuzumab were enrolled in this phase Ib/II study. Mutations and HER2 amplifications were assessed in ctDNA before (C1D1) and on-treatment (C2D1) with the Guardant360 assay. Archived tissue (TP0) and study entry biopsies (TP1) were assayed for whole transcriptome, HER2 copy number, and mutations, with Ampli-Seq, and centrally for HER2 with CLIA assays. Patient responses were assessed with RECIST v1.1, and Molecular Response with the Guardant360 Response algorithm. Results: The ORR in phase II was 7/22 (32%), which included all patients who had at least one dose of study therapy. In phase I, the ORR was 12/19 (63%), which included only patients who were considered evaluable, having received their first scan at 6 weeks. Central confirmation of HER2-positivity was found in 83% (30/36) of the TP0 samples. HER2-amplified ctDNA was found at C1D1 in 48% (20/42) of samples. Patients with ctHER2-amp versus non-amplified HER2 ctDNA determined in C1D1 ctDNA had a longer median progression-free survival (PFS): 480 days versus 60 days (P = 0.015). Molecular Response scores were significantly associated with both PFS (HR 0.28, 0.09-0.90, P = 0.033) and best response (P = 0.037). All five of the patients with ctHER2-amp at C1D1 who had undetectable ctDNA after study therapy had an objective response. Patients whose ctHER2-amp decreased on-treatment had better outcomes than patients whose ctHER2-amp remained unchanged. HER2 RNA levels show a correlation to HER2 CLIA IHC status and were significantly higher in patients with clinically documented responses compared to patients with progressive disease (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The following biomarkers were associated with better outcomes for patients treated with T-DM1 + neratinib: (1) ctHER2-amp (C1D1) or in TP1; (2) Molecular Response scores; (3) loss of detectable ctDNA; (4) RNA levels of HER2; and (5) on-treatment loss of detectable ctHER2-amp. HER2 transcriptional and IHC/FISH status identify HER2-low cases (IHC 1+ or IHC 2+ and FISH negative) in these heavily anti-HER2 treated patients. Due to the small number of patients and samples in this study, the associations we have shown are for hypothesis generation only and remain to be validated in future studies. Clinical Trials registration NCT02236000.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Quinolines/therapeutic use ; Quinolines/administration & dosage ; Aged ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics ; Circulating Tumor DNA/blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Mutation ; Aged, 80 and over ; Trastuzumab/therapeutic use ; Trastuzumab/administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Neoplasm Metastasis
Chemical Substances	neratinib (JJH94R3PWB) ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine (SE2KH7T06F) ; Quinolines ; ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Circulating Tumor DNA ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Trastuzumab (P188ANX8CK)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2015059-3
ISSN	1465-542X ; 1465-5411
ISSN (online)	1465-542X
ISSN	1465-5411
DOI	10.1186/s13058-024-01823-8
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Article ; Online: Machine Learning Predicts Oxaliplatin Benefit in Early Colon Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

2024 Volume 42, Issue 13, Page(s) 1520–1530

Abstract: ... from NSABP C-07 and C-08 phase III trials. The COLOXIS model dichotomizes patients into COLOXIS+ (oxaliplatin ...

Abstract	Purpose: A combination of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) is the standard for adjuvant therapy of resected early-stage colon cancer (CC). Oxaliplatin leads to lasting and disabling neurotoxicity. Reserving the regimen for patients who benefit from oxaliplatin would maximize efficacy and minimize unnecessary adverse side effects. Methods: We trained a new machine learning model, referred to as the colon oxaliplatin signature (COLOXIS) model, for predicting response to oxaliplatin-containing regimens. We examined whether COLOXIS was predictive of oxaliplatin benefits in the CC adjuvant setting among 1,065 patients treated with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FULV; n = 421) or FULV + oxaliplatin (FOLFOX; n = 644) from NSABP C-07 and C-08 phase III trials. The COLOXIS model dichotomizes patients into COLOXIS+ (oxaliplatin responder) and COLOXIS- (nonresponder) groups. Eight-year recurrence-free survival was used to evaluate oxaliplatin benefits within each of the groups, and the predictive value of the COLOXIS model was assessed using the Results: Among 1,065 patients, 526 were predicted as COLOXIS+ and 539 as COLOXIS-. The COLOXIS+ prediction was associated with prognosis for FULV-treated patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52 [95% CI, 1.07 to 2.15]; Conclusion: The COLOXIS model is predictive of oxaliplatin benefits in the CC adjuvant setting. The results provide evidence supporting a change in CC adjuvant therapy: reserve oxaliplatin only for COLOXIS+ patients, but further investigation is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/mortality ; Machine Learning ; Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use ; Oxaliplatin/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Fluorouracil/therapeutic use ; Fluorouracil/administration & dosage ; Leucovorin/therapeutic use ; Leucovorin/administration & dosage ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Organoplatinum Compounds/therapeutic use ; Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Adult ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Neoplasm Staging
Chemical Substances	Oxaliplatin (04ZR38536J) ; Fluorouracil (U3P01618RT) ; Leucovorin (Q573I9DVLP) ; Organoplatinum Compounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604914-x
ISSN	1527-7755 ; 0732-183X
ISSN (online)	1527-7755
ISSN	0732-183X
DOI	10.1200/JCO.23.01080
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Zs.A 1847: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: A network analysis investigating the associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms, markers of inflammation and metabolic syndrome.

Moodley, Allegra / Womersley, Jacqueline S / Swart, Patricia C / van den Heuvel, Leigh L / Malan-Müller, Stefanie / Seedat, Soraya / Hemmings, Sian M J

Journal of psychiatric research

2023 Volume 165, Page(s) 105–114

Abstract: ... E3); and C-reactive protein (CRP) and emotional cue reactivity (B4), which could be due to high ... between CRP and waist circumference, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C ...

Abstract	Chronic systemic inflammation has been implicated in trauma exposure, independent of a psychiatric diagnosis, and in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its highly comorbid conditions, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study used network analysis to examine the interacting associations between pro-inflammatory cytokines, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and symptom clusters, and individual components of MetS, in a cohort of 312 participants (n = 139 PTSD cases, n = 173 trauma-exposed controls). Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in serum samples using immunoturbidimetric and multiplex assays. Three network models were assessed, and the decision on which model to use was guided by network stability estimates and denseness. Weak negative associations were observed between interleukin one beta (IL-1β) and detachment (D6) and irritability (E1); tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and hypervigilance (E3); and C-reactive protein (CRP) and emotional cue reactivity (B4), which could be due to high cortisol levels present in a female-majority cohort. Network models also identified positive associations between CRP and waist circumference, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The strongest association was observed between CRP and waist circumference, providing evidence that central obesity is an important inflammatory component of MetS. Some networks displayed high instability, which could be due to the small pool of participants with viable cytokine data. Overall, this study provides evidence for associations between inflammation, PTS symptoms and components of MetS. Future longitudinal studies measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines in the immediate aftermath of trauma are required to gain better insight into the role of inflammation in trauma-exposure and PTSD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Inflammation ; Cytokines ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.018
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Article: CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, a 2023 perspective.

Zhou, Fiona H / Downton, Teesha / Freelander, Allegra / Hurwitz, Joshua / Caldon, C Elizabeth / Lim, Elgene

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1148792

Abstract: CDK4/6 inhibitors have become game-changers in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, and in combination with endocrine therapy are the standard of care first-line treatment for ER+/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Although ...

Abstract	CDK4/6 inhibitors have become game-changers in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, and in combination with endocrine therapy are the standard of care first-line treatment for ER+/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Although CDK4/6 inhibitors prolong survival for these patients, resistance is inevitable and there is currently no clear standard next-line treatment. There is an urgent unmet need to dissect the mechanisms which drive intrinsic and acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy to guide the subsequent therapeutic decisions. We will review the insights gained from preclinical studies and clinical cohorts into the diverse mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitor action and resistance, and highlight potential therapeutic strategies in the context of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2023.1148792
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Article ; Online: Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with rivaroxaban and its potential to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome.

Antignani, Pier Luigi / Allegra, Claudio / Fareed, Jawed

International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology

2018 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–21

Abstract: Background: The study was initiated following the observation of complete recanalization of thrombus in subjects with DVT treated with rivaroxaban after 1-2 weeks. The aim of this observational retrospective study was to evaluate clinically and by means ...

Abstract	Background: The study was initiated following the observation of complete recanalization of thrombus in subjects with DVT treated with rivaroxaban after 1-2 weeks. The aim of this observational retrospective study was to evaluate clinically and by means of echo color Duplex, the fibrinolytic effect of rivaroxaban in patients with recent and previous DVT. To accomplish this two populations of patients were evaluated. Methods: Group 1 was comprised of 31 patients (ranging in age 52-73 years) with popliteal-femoral DVT (12 months ago) treated with standard anticoagulant therapy. In these patients, we found a complete superficial femoral recanalization and partial recanalization of the popliteal vein (30% of residual thrombus). The patients had normal creatinine clearance and liver function. The patients were switched from warfarin to rivaroxaban due to a lack of compliance with warfarin therapy. Group 2 was comprised of 22 patients (ranging in age 65-82 years) with previous popliteal-femoral DVT and documented complete common femoral veins recanalization who presented with a recent superficial femoral vein re-thrombosis (1 week before). The patients had normal creatinine clearance and liver function. The patients switched from warfarin to rivaroxaban due to a lack of compliance with warfarin therapy. Results: In group 1, all patients exhibited the complete recanalization of the popliteal veins after 4 weeks of rivaroxaban therapy. In group 2, all patients exhibited the complete recanalization of the popliteal veins after 4 weeks, and the complete recanalization of the acute re-thrombosis of the superficial femoral veins after 2 weeks of rivaroxaban therapy. No adverse events for both groups were observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that rivaroxaban could have a pro-fibrinolytic effect not only on recent thrombus but also on organized thrombus that results in a complete recanalization of affected veins. It is proposed that this lytic effect will preserve venous valve structure and lead to a reduction of incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome in rivaroxaban treated patients.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Female ; Femoral Vein/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Popliteal Vein/diagnostic imaging ; Postthrombotic Syndrome/prevention & control ; Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex ; Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Factor Xa Inhibitors ; Rivaroxaban (9NDF7JZ4M3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-20
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	604910-2
ISSN	1827-1839 ; 0392-9590
ISSN (online)	1827-1839
ISSN	0392-9590
DOI	10.23736/S0392-9590.18.04031-2
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Article ; Online: Rehabilitation Protocols for Superior Capsular Reconstruction Are Variable: A Systematic Review.

Lavin, Alessia C / Mansour, Kailey L / Greif, Dylan N / Shallop, Brandon J / Allegra, Paul R / Sanchez, Rafael A / Muñoz, Julianne / Baraga, Michael G

Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation

2021 Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) e919–e926

Abstract: Purpose: To screen manuscripts that discuss rehabilitation protocols for patients who underwent superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) to elucidate whether a standard rehabilitation algorithm exists for SCR.: Methods: A systematic review was ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To screen manuscripts that discuss rehabilitation protocols for patients who underwent superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) to elucidate whether a standard rehabilitation algorithm exists for SCR. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (i.e., PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed (MEDLINE) and Embase were searched using pertinent Boolean operation terms "superior capsular reconstruction" and "rotator cuff repair rehabilitation," and articles that included rehabilitation protocols following superior capsular reconstruction surgery were reviewed. Two independent reviewers performed the search and quality assessment. Results: A total of 549 articles were yielded after our database search. Fourteen studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Study designs included 9 editorials, 3 case series, and 2 case reports. Each study included in this review used a unique rehabilitation algorithm that posed significant variability between the protocols. Four phases were identified to summarize each protocol and were used as a basis of discussion-sling versus brace time (3-6 weeks for comfort/removal vs complete immobilization), passive range of motion (immediately after surgery to initiation at 6 weeks), active range of motion (4-8 weeks), and strengthening/return to full activity (12-52 weeks). Initiation of rehabilitation, length of time spent in each phase, types of exercises, and overarching goals for return to function were significantly variable and were decided upon by the surgeon based on current massive rotator cuff repair protocols. Presently, there is no standard rehabilitation protocol for SCR. Conclusions: SCR is a relatively new procedure that is gaining rapid popularity with promising outcomes. Based on our review, there is no standard rehabilitation protocol in place; thus, it is not possible to recommend an evidence-based rehabilitation protocol following SCR at this time. Level of evidence: Level V, systematic review of Level IV and V studies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2666-061X
ISSN (online)	2666-061X
DOI	10.1016/j.asmr.2021.01.001
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Article ; Online: Atezolizumab plus tivozanib for immunologically cold tumor types: the IMMCO-1 trial.

Ramnaraign, Brian H / Lee, Ji-Hyun / Ali, Azka / Rogers, Sherise C / Fabregas, Jesus C / Thomas, Ryan M / Allegra, Carmen J / Sahin, Ilyas / DeRemer, David L / George, Thomas J / Chatzkel, Jonathan A

Future oncology (London, England)

2022

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy represents a significant advance in cancer care. The interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 induces immune tolerance and the inhibition of this interaction is an effective treatment strategy for numerous malignancies. ... ...

Abstract	Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy represents a significant advance in cancer care. The interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 induces immune tolerance and the inhibition of this interaction is an effective treatment strategy for numerous malignancies. Despite its demonstrated potential, immunotherapy is not clinically effective in immunogenically 'cold' tumors such as pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Through the inhibition of VEGF, it may be possible to potentiate the effect of immune checkpoint blockade in tumors that have traditionally shown a lack of clinical response to immunotherapy. This signal-seeking, single-arm, prospective clinical trial aims to determine the objective response of tivozanib and atezolizumab in advanced immunogenically cold solid tumors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2274956-1
ISSN	1744-8301 ; 1479-6694
ISSN (online)	1744-8301
ISSN	1479-6694
DOI	10.2217/fon-2022-0392
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Zs.A 6478: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Urban and agricultural influences on the coastal dissolved organic matter pool in the Algoa Bay estuaries.

Kalinski, Jarmo-Charles J / Noundou, Xavier Siwe / Petras, Daniel / Matcher, Gwynneth F / Polyzois, Alexandros / Aron, Allegra T / Gentry, Emily C / Bornman, Thomas G / Adams, Janine B / Dorrington, Rosemary A

Chemosphere

2024 Volume 355, Page(s) 141782

Abstract: While anthropogenic pollution is a major threat to aquatic ecosystem health, our knowledge of the presence of xenobiotics in coastal Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is still relatively poor. This is especially true for water bodies in the Global South ... ...

Abstract	While anthropogenic pollution is a major threat to aquatic ecosystem health, our knowledge of the presence of xenobiotics in coastal Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is still relatively poor. This is especially true for water bodies in the Global South with limited information gained mostly from targeted studies that rely on comparison with authentic standards. In recent years, non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool to collectively detect and identify pollutants and biogenic DOM components in the environment, but this approach has yet to be widely utilized for monitoring ecologically important aquatic systems. In this study we compared the DOM composition of Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa, and its two estuaries. The Swartkops Estuary is highly urbanized and severely impacted by anthropogenic pollution, while the Sundays Estuary is impacted by commercial agriculture in its catchment. We employed solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to annotate more than 200 pharmaceuticals, pesticides, urban xenobiotics, and natural products based on spectral matching. The identification with authentic standards confirmed the presence of methamphetamine, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, N-acetylsulfamethoxazole, imazapyr, caffeine and hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, and allowed semi-quantitative estimations for annotated xenobiotics. The Swartkops Estuary DOM composition was strongly impacted by features annotated as urban pollutants including pharmaceuticals such as melamines and antiretrovirals. By contrast, the Sundays Estuary exhibited significant enrichment of molecules annotated as agrochemicals widely used in the citrus farming industry, with predicted concentrations for some of them exceeding predicted no-effect concentrations. This study provides new insight into anthropogenic impact on the Algoa Bay system and demonstrates the utility of non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry as a sensitive tool for assessing the health of ecologically important coastal ecosystems and will serve as a valuable foundation for strategizing long-term monitoring efforts.
MeSH term(s)	Dissolved Organic Matter ; Ecosystem ; Estuaries ; Bays ; Rivers/chemistry ; Agriculture ; Environmental Pollutants ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
Chemical Substances	Dissolved Organic Matter ; Environmental Pollutants ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141782
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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