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Article ; Online: Fonctionnement cognitif dans la schizophrénie : une perspective vie entière.

Raffard, Stephane

Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement

2024 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 477–485

Abstract: Cognitive disorders are now well known in schizophrenia, but their evolution over time and particularly during aging remains poorly described. Current evidence indicates that cognitive deficits including attention, working memory, verbal learning and ... ...

Title translation	Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: a lifespan perspective.
Abstract	Cognitive disorders are now well known in schizophrenia, but their evolution over time and particularly during aging remains poorly described. Current evidence indicates that cognitive deficits including attention, working memory, verbal learning and memory, and executive functions are present in 80% of individuals with schizophrenia, which, on average, are around two standard deviations below that in healthy controls. Cognitive impairments are important predictors of functioning in daily life, including quality of life, inability to live independently and unemployment. From a lifespan perspective, they are evident in infancy (18 months) and continually increase between infancy and adulthood (20 years) in full-scale IQ and most of cognitive domains, accelerating during the prodromal phase. Cognitive deficits are significant predictor of the psychotic transition, and they stabilize after the first psychotic episode until the age of fifty suggesting that cognitive deficits are mainly established before the prodromal phases of psychosis. Time course of cognitive impairments in elderly patients with schizophrenia appears to be more heterogeneous. While the data suggest that they are stable with advancing age, a subgroup of institutionalized older patients stands out for a significant cognitive decline, without it being possible to determine the causal direction of this association. The twofold increased risk of developing neurodegenerative dementia in this population, combined with institutionalization, could partly explain this cognitive decline in some patients. Long-term longitudinal studies in older adults with schizophrenia are clearly needed, particularly in France. Protective factors such as recovery-focused and psychosocial approaches need to be studied in this population, which has a 15-year shorter life expectancy than the general population.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Longevity ; Quality of Life ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction
Language	French
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	France
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ISSN	2115-7863
ISSN (online)	2115-7863
DOI	10.1684/pnv.2023.1142
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Article ; Online: Decoding schizophrenia: ChatGPT's role in clinical and neuropsychological assessment.

El Haj, Mohamad / Raffard, Stéphane / Besche-Richard, Chrystel

Schizophrenia research

2024 Volume 267, Page(s) 84–85

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.031
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Article ; Online: Planning Individual and Population-Based Interventions in Global Health: Applying the DEA-A Framework to Promote Behavioral, Emotional, and/or Cognitive Change among Stakeholders.

Broc, Guillaume / Fassier, Jean Baptiste / Raffard, Stéphane / Lareyre, Olivier

International journal of environmental research and public health

2024 Volume 21, Issue 3

Abstract: Addressing health challenges that impact human well-being requires a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach that would be at the crossroad of population-based prevention and individual-level clinical care, which is in line with a Global Health ... ...

Abstract	Addressing health challenges that impact human well-being requires a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach that would be at the crossroad of population-based prevention and individual-level clinical care, which is in line with a Global Health perspective. In the absence of a unifying theoretical framework to guide such interventions, a Dynamic Ecosystem Adaptation through the Allostasis (DEA-A) framework has been proposed, emphasizing the functional adaptation of individuals and organizations in symbiosis with their living ecosystem. While a conceptual model has been presented, this methodological contribution aims at illustrating the practical application of the DEA-A framework for planning Global Health interventions. The methodology combines Intervention Mapping and Cognitive and Behavioral Theory, extended to the ecosystem. Practical guidelines and supporting tools are provided to help public health providers and clinicians in establishing a functional ecosystem diagnosis of the issue; defining not only behavioral, but also emotional and cognitive change objectives (allostasis targets) expected for each stakeholder; and designing intervention plans targeting determinants of these allostasis. The discussion addresses implementation and evaluation perspectives of interventions based on the DEA-A framework, emphasizing the importance of considering change in its processual and ecosystem complexity. Lastly, encouragements for a deeper understanding of individual and ecosystem homeostasis/allostasis processes are made in order to promote more functional interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ecosystem ; Global Health ; Emotions ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph21030378
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Article ; Online: Imagining one's personal future in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer: an exploratory study.

Raffard, Stéphane / Michel, Aude / Bayard, Sophie

Memory (Hove, England)

2023 Volume 31, Issue 8, Page(s) 1089–1097

Abstract: We assessed self-defining future projections (SDFPs) in women with breast cancer (BC) and their relationships with disease characteristics and quality of life. Forty women with BC in the course of treatment and 50 controls were asked to generate SDFPs ... ...

Abstract	We assessed self-defining future projections (SDFPs) in women with breast cancer (BC) and their relationships with disease characteristics and quality of life. Forty women with BC in the course of treatment and 50 controls were asked to generate SDFPs and completed questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms and quality of life. There was no group difference regarding specificity, meaning making, probability of produced future events, and the experience of a sense of personal continuity within SDFPs. BC patients' SDFPs were less distant in the future and characterised by more narratives about life threatening events and fewer narratives about future achievements. Chemotherapy was related to narratives about life threatening events and BC. Patients undergoing breast reconstruction reported fewer life-threatening events related to their cancer. Lower quality of life was associated with lower narratives about relationships in patients. Women undergoing treatment for BC envision their future in a less optimistic way with more narratives about life threatening events and a reduced time perspective that varied according to the type of treatment. Self-continuity and ability to imagine future specific events were preserved in patients, which are important processes helping individuals to cope with life difficulties and find meaning and direction in life.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Anxiety ; Forecasting ; Narration
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1147478-6
ISSN	1464-0686 ; 0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
ISSN	0965-8211
DOI	10.1080/09658211.2023.2221875
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Article: Hooked on a memory: How rumination about past positive events might contribute to grandiose ideas?

Bortolon, Catherine / Baeyens, Céline / Raffard, Stéphane

The British journal of clinical psychology

2023 Volume 62, Issue 3, Page(s) 556–572

Abstract: Objectives: Dwelling about positive experiences has been found to be positively related to mania and grandiose ideas. Nevertheless, besides some important limitations, past research has also neglected the nature (or characteristics) of memories ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Dwelling about positive experiences has been found to be positively related to mania and grandiose ideas. Nevertheless, besides some important limitations, past research has also neglected the nature (or characteristics) of memories individuals dwell on, and that might be specifically associated with grandiose ideas. Thus, the present study aimed to replicate previous studies while considering the role of specificity and the importance of memory used to increase grandiose feelings. Method: In total, 219 participants were included and, after completing the memory induction, were randomized to either the rumination condition or the distraction condition. They also completed different questionnaires assessing positive rumination and grandiose ideas. Results: Overall, rumination, compared to the distraction condition, led to the maintenance of grandiose ideas and positive affect from T2 to T3. Regression analysis showed that the specificity of memory was associated with grandiose ideas at T2, which predicted grandiose ideas at T3. Conclusions: Our results confirm rumination's causal role in forming grandiose ideas. We also found that autobiographical memory and, more specifically, the capacity to recall past positive experiences coupled with repeatedly thinking about them might constitute a fundamental pathway leading to the persistence of such beliefs. The use of a non-clinical sample limits the results and needs replication in clinical samples.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Emotions ; Memory, Episodic ; Mental Recall ; Mood Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rumination, Cognitive
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	625324-6
ISSN	2044-8260 ; 0144-6657
ISSN (online)	2044-8260
ISSN	0144-6657
DOI	10.1111/bjc.12425
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Article: Validation of the French COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms Questionnaire (Cov-Tabs): A self-report assessment.

Oker, Ali / Laraki, Yasmine / Anders, Royce / Fongaro, Erica / Capdevielle, Delphine / Raffard, Stéphane

L'Encephale

2024

Abstract: Objectives: The COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms (Cov-Tabs) is a self-reported questionnaire developed to identify the presence of psychological distress and anxiety-related behavior associated with COVID-19. This scale has been used since ...

Abstract	Objectives: The COVID-Related Thoughts and Behavioral Symptoms (Cov-Tabs) is a self-reported questionnaire developed to identify the presence of psychological distress and anxiety-related behavior associated with COVID-19. This scale has been used since the first episodes of mass contamination of COVID-19 disease in the USA without psychometric validation analysis. The objective of this paper is to validate the French version of the Cov-TaBS. Method: In this study, we assessed a French translation of Cov-Tabs in 300 subjects from the general population. Moreover, we assessed convergent and discriminant validities using an anxiety and depression scale and a paranoid ideation scale. Statistical analyses consisted of evaluating internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity as well. Results: The French translation of the Cov-Tabs demonstrated high internal consistency and reliability, as well as good temporal stability over a period of less than 2 weeks. It also showed strong convergent validity with anxiety and depression traits and divergent validity with paranoid ideation. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the French version of the Cov-Tabs has robust psychometric properties and is a valid tool for evaluating behavioral symptomatology and thoughts related to COVID-19 disease. Therefore, the French version of the Cov-Tabs is a valid tool that can be used in French-speaking individuals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-03
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	214431-1
ISSN	0013-7006
ISSN	0013-7006
DOI	10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.010
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Article: Cross-sectional study on the dissociation of decision-making capacity for antipsychotic treatment and COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with schizophrenia.

Raffard, Stéphane / Bayard, Sophie / Tattard, Philippe / Laraki, Yasmine / Capdevielle, Delphine

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1308666

Abstract: Objective: Decision-making capacity for treatment is impaired in schizophrenia but it remains unknown if schizophrenia affects distinct decision-making capacities differently.: Methods: In this study, we assessed concomitantly two decision-making ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Decision-making capacity for treatment is impaired in schizophrenia but it remains unknown if schizophrenia affects distinct decision-making capacities differently. Methods: In this study, we assessed concomitantly two decision-making capacities (i.e., antipsychotic treatment and COVID-19 vaccination) in 27 schizophrenia patients. Sociodemographic variables, psychotic symptoms, global cognition and insight were also assessed. Results: We found that among individuals incompetent to consent to antipsychotic treatment, one-third had preserved capacity to consent to vaccination. No significant associations between the two different decision-making capacities were found. Psychotic symptoms and cognition were associated with the capacity to consent to antipsychotic treatment and to vaccination, respectively. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that capacity to consent to treatment is not unidimensional and vary across domains in individuals with schizophrenia. Being incompetent regarding one treatment does not mean to be incompetent for another treatment in this clinical population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1308666
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Article: Adaptation and Validation of a French Version of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale.

Eisenblaetter, Margot / Madiouni, Clarisse / Laraki, Yasmine / Capdevielle, Delphine / Raffard, Stéphane

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: Over the past decades, vaccination has proven to be largely beneficial to global health. Despite vaccine efficacy, the French population has been recently affected by more anti-vaccination attitudes and vaccine refusal, and it is therefore necessary to ... ...

Abstract	Over the past decades, vaccination has proven to be largely beneficial to global health. Despite vaccine efficacy, the French population has been recently affected by more anti-vaccination attitudes and vaccine refusal, and it is therefore necessary to validate tools to study this health issue. The Vaccination Attitudes Examination scale (VAX) is a 12-item questionnaire targeting adults that assesses general attitudes towards vaccination. The aims of the study were to translate and adapt the original English version of the scale into French and to test the psychometric properties of the scale in a French-population-based sample of adults. We included 450 French speaking adults that completed the French VAX and other questionnaires to assess convergent and divergent validities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the French version of the VAX replicated the factorial structure of the original scale. Moreover, it demonstrated high internal consistency, good convergent and divergent validities, and excellent temporal stability. Furthermore, scores on the scale differentiated vaccinees from non-vaccinee respondents. Results on the scale provide us with insight into factors involved in vaccine hesitancy in France, therefore allowing French authorities and policy makers to address these specific concerns and improve vaccine acceptance rates in this country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11051001
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Article: Preliminary evidence that fatigue contributes to anhedonia in stable individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Laraki, Yasmine / Bayard, Sophie / Decombe, Amandine / Capdevielle, Delphine / Raffard, Stéphane

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1098932

Abstract: Objectives: Anhedonia and fatigue are trans-diagnostic symptoms commonly observed in schizophrenia. Anhedonia is a core negative symptom with a strong relationship with depression and is associated with diminished global functioning. Similarly, fatigue ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Anhedonia and fatigue are trans-diagnostic symptoms commonly observed in schizophrenia. Anhedonia is a core negative symptom with a strong relationship with depression and is associated with diminished global functioning. Similarly, fatigue is also associated to depression and research across psychiatric illnesses indicate that fatigue may persist even when primary symptoms are treated. Although fatigue is common in people diagnosed with schizophrenia, it is under studied within this population. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the association of fatigue and anhedonia by controlling for depression in a sample of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Method: Fifty-one stable individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia from the University Department of Adult Psychiatry in Montpellier took part in this study. Participants completed questionnaires on fatigue impact and depression, and were assessed for symptom severity. Following data collection, statistical analyses were conducted in order to explore associations between clinical variables and fatigue impact. Based on the results obtained, a hierarchical linear regression was conducted in order to investigate whether fatigue impact contributed to the variance of negative symptoms. Results: The hierarchical linear regression indicated that when controlling for depression, fatigue impact contributes to ~20% of the variance of anhedonia. Together the social impact of fatigue and depression contribute to 24% of the variation of anhedonia. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this exploratory study is the first to investigate and show that fatigue impact may contribute to anhedonia. We recommend further research to investigate fatigue, its impact on symptomatology, and better categorization of negative symptoms in hopes of developing targeted fatigue treatment interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098932
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Article: Actualités récentes dans la modélisation et la prise en charge psychologique des idées de persécution.

Raffard, Stéphane / de Connor, Alexandre / Freeman, Daniel / Bortolon, Catherine

L'Encephale

2023 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 99–107

Abstract: Persecutory ideas are a major clinical problem and are associated with impaired functioning, reduced compliance with medication and increased risk of hospitalization. Persecutory ideation is defined as the false conviction that others are threatening or ... ...

Title translation	Recent developments in the modeling and psychological management of persecutory ideation.
Abstract	Persecutory ideas are a major clinical problem and are associated with impaired functioning, reduced compliance with medication and increased risk of hospitalization. Persecutory ideation is defined as the false conviction that others are threatening or conspiring against one. Although persecutory delusions are mainly described and experienced in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, they also occur in other neurological and psychiatric diagnoses including Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, depression, mania, dementia and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, epidemiological data from general and clinical populations indicated that paranoid beliefs occur on a hierarchy of severity and are present to a lesser degree in the general population, with paranoid delusions representing the severe end of a continuum. In this review we focus on the important advances following a decade of research from psychological sciences, and more particularly the work of Daniel Freeman and Philippa Garety in England. Their work has demonstrated that a range of causal factors are involved in the development and maintenance of delusions beyond the traditional cognitive and behavioural models. Indeed, there is now well-validated evidence that sleep disturbances, worry proneness, reasoning biases, such as failure to consider alternative explanations or belief confirmation bias, abnormal experiences such as hallucinations, negative self-beliefs, and safety behaviours, are central factors that contribute to the paranoid phenomenon. In this review, we describe each of these causal factors in detail as well as the clinical interventions developed by Freeman and his collaborators, including the integrative and modular "Feeling Safe" intervention. Broadly speaking, the aim of this psychological intervention is for patients to relearn safety by exposing them to situations they consider as potentially dangerous after reduction of the influence of the maintenance factors described above. A recent publication showed that the Feeling Safe program led to recovery in persecutory delusions for 50% of patients having poor response to antipsychotic medication, making the intervention as the most effective psychological treatment for persecutory delusions. Finally, we will critically discuss the efficacy data from the numerous clinical studies validating its effectiveness. Prospects for the implementation of the Feeling Safe program in France also is discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Paranoid Disorders/therapy ; Paranoid Disorders/diagnosis ; Paranoid Disorders/psychology ; Delusions/etiology ; Delusions/therapy ; Delusions/psychology ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Anxiety/psychology ; Emotions
Language	French
Publishing date	2023-09-23
Publishing country	France
Document type	Review ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	214431-1
ISSN	0013-7006
ISSN	0013-7006
DOI	10.1016/j.encep.2023.08.004
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