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Article ; Online: Impact of improving infection control and antibiotic stewardship practices on nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance in an oncology centre from India.

Bansal, Nitin / Goyal, Pankaj / Basu, Dharmishtha / Batra, Ullas / Sachdeva, Neelam / Joga, Srujana / Jain, Arpit / Doval, D C

Indian journal of medical microbiology

2023 Volume 45, Page(s) 100383

Abstract: Background: Improving basic infection control (IC) practices, diagnostics and anti-microbial stewardship (AMS) are key tools to handle antimicrobial resistance (AMR).: Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study done over 6 years (2016-2021) ...

Abstract	Background: Improving basic infection control (IC) practices, diagnostics and anti-microbial stewardship (AMS) are key tools to handle antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study done over 6 years (2016-2021) in an oncology centre in North India with many on-going interventions to improve IC practices, diagnostics and AMS. This study looked into AMR patterns from clinical isolates, rates of hospital acquired infections (HAI) and clinical outcomes. Results: Over all, 98,915 samples were sent for culture from 158,191 admitted patients. Most commonly isolated organism was E. coli (n = 6951; 30.1%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 5801; 25.1%) and Pseudomonas aeroginosa (n = 3041; 13.1%). VRE (Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus) rates fell down from 43.5% in Jan-June 2016 to 12.2% in July-Dec 2021, same was seen in CR (carbapenem resistant) Pseudomonas (23.0%-20.6%, CR Acinetobacter (66.6%-17.02%) and CR E. coli (21.6%-19.4%) over the same study period. Rate of isolation of Candida spp. from non-sterile sites also showed reduction (1.68 per 100 patients to 0.65 per 100 patients). Incidence of health care associated infections also fell from 2.3 to 1.19 per 1000 line days for CLABSI, 2.28 to 1.88 per 1000 catheter days for CAUTI. There was no change in overall mortality rates across the study period. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the point that improving compliance to standard IC recommendations and improving diagnostics can help in reducing the burden of antimicrobial resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross Infection/drug therapy ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/etiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Retrospective Studies ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Infection Control
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1038798-5
ISSN	1998-3646 ; 0255-0857
ISSN (online)	1998-3646
ISSN	0255-0857
DOI	10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100383
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Zs.A 2639: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Module to Support Real-Time Microscopic Imaging of Living Organisms on Ground-Based Microgravity Analogs

Srujana Neelam / Audrey Lee / Michael A. Lane / Ceasar Udave / Howard G. Levine / Ye Zhang

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 3122, p

2021 Volume 3122

Abstract: Since opportunities for spaceflight experiments are scarce, ground-based microgravity simulation devices (MSDs) offer accessible and economical alternatives for gravitational biology studies. Among the MSDs, the random positioning machine (RPM) provides ... ...

Abstract	Since opportunities for spaceflight experiments are scarce, ground-based microgravity simulation devices (MSDs) offer accessible and economical alternatives for gravitational biology studies. Among the MSDs, the random positioning machine (RPM) provides simulated microgravity conditions on the ground by randomizing rotating biological samples in two axes to distribute the Earth’s gravity vector in all directions over time. Real-time microscopy and image acquisition during microgravity simulation are of particular interest to enable the study of how basic cell functions, such as division, migration, and proliferation, progress under altered gravity conditions. However, these capabilities have been difficult to implement due to the constantly moving frames of the RPM as well as mechanical noise. Therefore, we developed an image acquisition module that can be mounted on an RPM to capture live images over time while the specimen is in the simulated microgravity (SMG) environment. This module integrates a digital microscope with a magnification range of 20× to 700×, a high-speed data transmission adaptor for the wireless streaming of time-lapse images, and a backlight illuminator to view the sample under brightfield and darkfield modes. With this module, we successfully demonstrated the real-time imaging of human cells cultured on an RPM in brightfield, lasting up to 80 h, and also visualized them in green fluorescent channel. This module was successful in monitoring cell morphology and in quantifying the rate of cell division, cell migration, and wound healing in SMG. It can be easily modified to study the response of other biological specimens to SMG.
Keywords	microgravity simulation ; cell culture ; live cell imaging ; random positioning machine ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Simulated galactic cosmic ray exposure activates dose-dependent DNA repair response and down regulates glucosinolate pathways in arabidopsis seedlings.

Dixit, Anirudha R / Meyers, Alexander D / Richardson, Brian / Richards, Jeffrey T / Richards, Stephanie E / Neelam, Srujana / Levine, Howard G / Cameron, Mark J / Zhang, Ye

Frontiers in plant science

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1284529

Abstract: Outside the protection of Earth's magnetic field, organisms are constantly exposed to space radiation consisting of energetic protons and other heavier charged particles. With the goal of crewed Mars exploration, the production of fresh food during long ... ...

Abstract	Outside the protection of Earth's magnetic field, organisms are constantly exposed to space radiation consisting of energetic protons and other heavier charged particles. With the goal of crewed Mars exploration, the production of fresh food during long duration space missions is critical for meeting astronauts' nutritional and psychological needs. However, the biological effects of space radiation on plants have not been sufficiently investigated and characterized. To that end, 10-day-old
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1284529
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Article: Response of

Zhang, Ye / Richards, Jeffrey T / Feiveson, Alan H / Richards, Stephanie E / Neelam, Srujana / Dreschel, Thomas W / Plante, Ianik / Hada, Megumi / Wu, Honglu / Massa, Gioia D / Douglas, Grace L / Levine, Howard G

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 2

Abstract: One of the major concerns for long-term exploration missions beyond the Earth's magnetosphere is consequences from exposures to solar particle event (SPE) protons and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). For long-term crewed Lunar and Mars explorations, the ... ...

Abstract	One of the major concerns for long-term exploration missions beyond the Earth's magnetosphere is consequences from exposures to solar particle event (SPE) protons and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). For long-term crewed Lunar and Mars explorations, the production of fresh food in space will provide both nutritional supplements and psychological benefits to the astronauts. However, the effects of space radiation on plants and plant propagules have not been sufficiently investigated and characterized. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two different compositions of charged particles-simulated GCR, and simulated SPE protons on dry and hydrated seeds of the model plant
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life12020144
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Article ; Online: New approaches for understanding the nuclear force balance in living, adherent cells.

Neelam, Srujana / Dickinson, Richard B / Lele, Tanmay P

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)

2016 Volume 94, Page(s) 27–32

Abstract: Cytoskeletal forces are transmitted to the nucleus to position and shape it. Linkages mediated by the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex transfer these forces to the nuclear envelope. Nuclear position and shape can be thought to be ... ...

Abstract	Cytoskeletal forces are transmitted to the nucleus to position and shape it. Linkages mediated by the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex transfer these forces to the nuclear envelope. Nuclear position and shape can be thought to be determined by a balance of cytoskeletal forces generated by microtubule motors that shear the nuclear surface, actomyosin forces that can pull, push and shear the nucleus, and intermediate filaments that may passively resist nuclear decentering and deformation. Parsing contributions of these different forces to nuclear mechanics is a very challenging task. Here we review new approaches that can be used in living cells to probe and understand the nuclear force balance.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Atomic Force
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	1066584-5
ISSN	1095-9130 ; 1046-2023
ISSN (online)	1095-9130
ISSN	1046-2023
DOI	10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.06.014
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Article: New approaches for understanding the nuclear force balance in living, adherent cells

Neelam, Srujana / Richard B. Dickinson / Tanmay P. Lele

Methods. 2016 Feb. 01, v. 94

2016

Abstract	Cytoskeletal forces are transmitted to the nucleus to position and shape it. Linkages mediated by the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex transfer these forces to the nuclear envelope. Nuclear position and shape can be thought to be determined by a balance of cytoskeletal forces generated by microtubule motors that shear the nuclear surface, actomyosin forces that can pull, push and shear the nucleus, and intermediate filaments that may passively resist nuclear decentering and deformation. Parsing contributions of these different forces to nuclear mechanics is a very challenging task. Here we review new approaches that can be used in living cells to probe and understand the nuclear force balance.
Keywords	deformation ; intermediate filaments ; microtubules ; nuclear membrane
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0201
Size	p. 27-32.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1066584-5
ISSN	1095-9130 ; 1046-2023
ISSN (online)	1095-9130
ISSN	1046-2023
DOI	10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.06.014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Response of Arabidopsis thaliana and Mizuna Mustard Seeds to Simulated Space Radiation Exposures

Ye Zhang / Jeffrey T. Richards / Alan H. Feiveson / Stephanie E. Richards / Srujana Neelam / Thomas W. Dreschel / Ianik Plante / Megumi Hada / Honglu Wu / Gioia D. Massa / Grace L. Douglas / Howard G. Levine

Life, Vol 12, Iss 144, p

2022 Volume 144

Abstract: One of the major concerns for long-term exploration missions beyond the Earth’s magnetosphere is consequences from exposures to solar particle event (SPE) protons and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). For long-term crewed Lunar and Mars explorations, the ... ...

Abstract	One of the major concerns for long-term exploration missions beyond the Earth’s magnetosphere is consequences from exposures to solar particle event (SPE) protons and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). For long-term crewed Lunar and Mars explorations, the production of fresh food in space will provide both nutritional supplements and psychological benefits to the astronauts. However, the effects of space radiation on plants and plant propagules have not been sufficiently investigated and characterized. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two different compositions of charged particles-simulated GCR, and simulated SPE protons on dry and hydrated seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop plant Mizuna mustard [ Brassica rapa var. japonica ]. Exposures to charged particles, simulated GCRs (up to 80 cGy) or SPEs (up to 200 cGy), were performed either acutely or at a low dose rate using the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) facility at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL). Control and irradiated seeds were planted in a solid phytogel and grown in a controlled environment. Five to seven days after planting, morphological parameters were measured to evaluate radiation-induced damage in the seedlings. After exposure to single types of charged particles, as well as to simulated GCR, the hydrated Arabidopsis seeds showed dose- and quality-dependent responses, with heavier ions causing more severe defects. Seeds exposed to simulated GCR (dry seeds) and SPE (hydrated seeds) had significant, although much less damage than seeds exposed to heavier and higher linear energy transfer (LET) particles. In general, the extent of damage depends on the seed type.
Keywords	space radiation ; galactic cosmic rays ; solar particle event ; Arabidopsis ; mizuna mustard ; seeds ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Esophageal Melanocytosis - An Unusual Melanocytic Entity.

Kumari, Neelam S / Srujana, Shyamala / Sireesha, Annapoorna / Krishna, L / Kumar, O Sharavan

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

2016 Volume 64, Issue 5, Page(s) 75–76

Abstract: Esophageal melanocytosis is a rare benign condition characterized by melanocytic proliferation in esophageal squamous epithelium and melanin deposition in the mucosa. Because of its uncommon nature, pathologists and gastroenterologists lack experience ... ...

Abstract	Esophageal melanocytosis is a rare benign condition characterized by melanocytic proliferation in esophageal squamous epithelium and melanin deposition in the mucosa. Because of its uncommon nature, pathologists and gastroenterologists lack experience with this entity. We present a case of esophageal melanocytosis in a 66 years old male patient who presented with atypical chest pain and dysphagia. Endoscopic guided biopsy was done, provisional diagnosis of esophageal melanocytosis was made. Bleaching and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Biopsy ; Deglutition Disorders ; Endoscopy, Digestive System/methods ; Esophageal Diseases/pathology ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Male ; Melanins/metabolism ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanocytes/pathology ; Melanosis/metabolism ; Melanosis/pathology
Chemical Substances	Melanins
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-12
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	800766-4
ISSN	0004-5772
ISSN	0004-5772
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Article ; Online: Changes in Nuclear Shape and Gene Expression in Response to Simulated Microgravity Are LINC Complex-Dependent

Srujana Neelam / Brian Richardson / Richard Barker / Ceasar Udave / Simon Gilroy / Mark Cameron / Howard G. Levine / Ye Zhang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 6762, p

2020 Volume 6762

Abstract: Microgravity is known to affect the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell and nuclear morphology and to elicit differential expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and the extracellular matrix. Although the nucleus is ... ...

Abstract	Microgravity is known to affect the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell and nuclear morphology and to elicit differential expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and the extracellular matrix. Although the nucleus is mechanically connected to the cytoskeleton through the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, the role of this group of proteins in these responses to microgravity has yet to be defined. In our study, we used a simulated microgravity device, a 3-D clinostat (Gravite), to investigate whether the LINC complex mediates cellular responses to the simulated microgravity environment. We show that nuclear shape and differential gene expression are both responsive to simulated microgravity in a LINC-dependent manner and that this response changes with the duration of exposure to simulated microgravity. These LINC-dependent genes likely represent elements normally regulated by the mechanical forces imposed by gravity on Earth.
Keywords	LINC complex ; simulated microgravity ; nuclear morphology ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Changes in Nuclear Shape and Gene Expression in Response to Simulated Microgravity Are LINC Complex-Dependent.

Neelam, Srujana / Richardson, Brian / Barker, Richard / Udave, Ceasar / Gilroy, Simon / Cameron, Mark J / Levine, Howard G / Zhang, Ye

International journal of molecular sciences

2020 Volume 21, Issue 18

Abstract	Microgravity is known to affect the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell and nuclear morphology and to elicit differential expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and the extracellular matrix. Although the nucleus is mechanically connected to the cytoskeleton through the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, the role of this group of proteins in these responses to microgravity has yet to be defined. In our study, we used a simulated microgravity device, a 3-D clinostat (Gravite), to investigate whether the LINC complex mediates cellular responses to the simulated microgravity environment. We show that nuclear shape and differential gene expression are both responsive to simulated microgravity in a LINC-dependent manner and that this response changes with the duration of exposure to simulated microgravity. These LINC-dependent genes likely represent elements normally regulated by the mechanical forces imposed by gravity on Earth.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Focal Adhesions/physiology ; Gene Expression/physiology ; Humans ; Nuclear Matrix/physiology ; Weightlessness ; Weightlessness Simulation/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms21186762
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