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  1. Article: Applications of Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery in Regenerative Medicine.

    Krut, Zoe / Gazit, Dan / Gazit, Zulma / Pelled, Gadi

    Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 5

    Abstract: Research on the capability of non-viral gene delivery systems to induce tissue regeneration is a continued effort as the current use of viral vectors can present with significant limitations. Despite initially showing lower gene transfection and gene ... ...

    Abstract Research on the capability of non-viral gene delivery systems to induce tissue regeneration is a continued effort as the current use of viral vectors can present with significant limitations. Despite initially showing lower gene transfection and gene expression efficiencies, non-viral delivery methods continue to be optimized to match that of their viral counterparts. Ultrasound-mediated gene transfer, referred to as sonoporation, occurs by the induction of transient membrane permeabilization and has been found to significantly increase the uptake and expression of DNA in cells across many organ systems. In addition, it offers a more favorable safety profile compared to other non-viral delivery methods. Studies have shown that microbubble-enhanced sonoporation can elicit significant tissue regeneration in both ectopic and disease models, including bone and vascular tissue regeneration. Despite this, no clinical trials on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration have been conducted, although current clinical trials using sonoporation for other indications suggest that the method is safe for use in the clinical setting. In this review, we describe the pre-clinical studies conducted thus far on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration. Further, the various techniques used to increase the effectiveness and duration of sonoporation-induced gene transfer, as well as the obstacles that may be currently hindering clinical translation, are explored.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2746191-9
    ISSN 2306-5354
    ISSN 2306-5354
    DOI 10.3390/bioengineering9050190
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Applications of Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery in Regenerative Medicine

    Zoe Krut / Dan Gazit / Zulma Gazit / Gadi Pelled

    Bioengineering, Vol 9, Iss 190, p

    2022  Volume 190

    Abstract: Research on the capability of non-viral gene delivery systems to induce tissue regeneration is a continued effort as the current use of viral vectors can present with significant limitations. Despite initially showing lower gene transfection and gene ... ...

    Abstract Research on the capability of non-viral gene delivery systems to induce tissue regeneration is a continued effort as the current use of viral vectors can present with significant limitations. Despite initially showing lower gene transfection and gene expression efficiencies, non-viral delivery methods continue to be optimized to match that of their viral counterparts. Ultrasound-mediated gene transfer, referred to as sonoporation, occurs by the induction of transient membrane permeabilization and has been found to significantly increase the uptake and expression of DNA in cells across many organ systems. In addition, it offers a more favorable safety profile compared to other non-viral delivery methods. Studies have shown that microbubble-enhanced sonoporation can elicit significant tissue regeneration in both ectopic and disease models, including bone and vascular tissue regeneration. Despite this, no clinical trials on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration have been conducted, although current clinical trials using sonoporation for other indications suggest that the method is safe for use in the clinical setting. In this review, we describe the pre-clinical studies conducted thus far on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration. Further, the various techniques used to increase the effectiveness and duration of sonoporation-induced gene transfer, as well as the obstacles that may be currently hindering clinical translation, are explored.
    Keywords gene therapy ; microbubbles ; regenerative medicine ; sonoporation ; tissue regeneration ; ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) ; Technology ; T ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Stem Cells and Exosomes: New Therapies for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

    Krut, Zoe / Pelled, Gadi / Gazit, Dan / Gazit, Zulma

    Cells

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 9

    Abstract: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs as a result of an imbalance of the anabolic and catabolic processes in the intervertebral disc, leading to an alteration in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) ... ...

    Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs as a result of an imbalance of the anabolic and catabolic processes in the intervertebral disc, leading to an alteration in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, excessive oxidative stress and inflammation. Degeneration of the IVD occurs naturally with age, but mechanical trauma, lifestyle factors and certain genetic abnormalities can increase the likelihood of symptomatic disease progression. IVDD, often referred to as degenerative disc disease (DDD), poses an increasingly substantial financial burden due to the aging population and increasing incidence of obesity in the United States. Current treatments for IVDD include pharmacological and surgical interventions, but these lack the ability to stop the progression of disease and restore the functionality of the IVD. Biological therapies have been evaluated but show varying degrees of efficacy in reversing disc degeneration long-term. Stem cell-based therapies have shown promising results in the regeneration of the IVD, but face both biological and ethical limitations. Exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication, and stem cell-derived exosomes have been shown to maintain the therapeutic benefit of their origin cells without the associated risks. This review highlights the current state of research on the use of stem-cell derived exosomes in the treatment of IVDD.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Exosomes/metabolism ; Exosomes/transplantation ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/pathology ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc/metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc/pathology ; Intervertebral Disc/physiopathology ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/pathology ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/physiopathology ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/surgery ; Recovery of Function ; Regeneration ; Stem Cell Transplantation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells10092241
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: BMP gene delivery for skeletal tissue regeneration.

    Bez, Maxim / Pelled, Gadi / Gazit, Dan

    Bone

    2020  Volume 137, Page(s) 115449

    Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders are common and can be associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Current treatments for major bone loss or cartilage defects are insufficient. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key players in the ... ...

    Abstract Musculoskeletal disorders are common and can be associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Current treatments for major bone loss or cartilage defects are insufficient. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key players in the recruitment and regeneration of damaged musculoskeletal tissues, and attempts have been made to introduce the protein to fracture sites with limited success. In the last 20 years we have seen a substantial progress in the development of various BMP gene delivery platforms for several conditions. In this review we cover the progress made using several techniques for BMP gene delivery for bone as well as cartilage regeneration, with focus on recent advances in the field of skeletal tissue engineering. Some methods have shown success in large animal models, and with the global trend of introducing gene therapies into the clinical setting, it seems that the day in which BMP gene therapy will be viable for clinical use is near.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics ; Bone Regeneration/genetics ; Cartilage ; Genetic Therapy ; Quality of Life ; Tissue Engineering
    Chemical Substances Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632515-4
    ISSN 1873-2763 ; 8756-3282
    ISSN (online) 1873-2763
    ISSN 8756-3282
    DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115449
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Encapsulation of Human-Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Small Alginate Beads Using One-Step Emulsification by Internal Gelation: In Vitro, and In Vivo Evaluation in Degenerate Intervertebral Disc Model.

    Sivan, Sarit S / Bonstein, Iris / Marmor, Yariv N / Pelled, Gadi / Gazit, Zulma / Amit, Michal

    Pharmaceutics

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 6

    Abstract: Cell microencapsulation in gel beads contributes to many biomedical processes and pharmaceutical applications. Small beads (<300 µm) offer distinct advantages, mainly due to improved mass transfer and mechanical strength. Here, we describe, for the first ...

    Abstract Cell microencapsulation in gel beads contributes to many biomedical processes and pharmaceutical applications. Small beads (<300 µm) offer distinct advantages, mainly due to improved mass transfer and mechanical strength. Here, we describe, for the first time, the encapsulation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in small-sized microspheres, using one-step emulsification by internal gelation. Small (127−257 µm) high-mannuronic-alginate microspheres were prepared at high agitation rates (800−1000 rpm), enabling control over the bead size and shape. The average viability of encapsulated hBM-MSCs after 2 weeks was 81 ± 4.3% for the higher agitation rates. hBM-MSC-loaded microspheres seeded within a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analogue, which was previously proposed as a mechanically equivalent implant for degenerate discs, kept their viability, sphericity, and integrity for at least 6 weeks. A preliminary in vivo study of hBM-MSC-loaded microspheres implanted (via a GAG-analogue hydrogel) in a rat injured intervertebral disc model demonstrated long-lasting viability and biocompatibility for at least 8 weeks post-implantation. The proposed method offers an effective and reproducible way to maintain long-lasting viability in vitro and in vivo. This approach not only utilizes the benefits of a simple, mild, and scalable method, but also allows for the easy control of the bead size and shape by the agitation rate, which, overall, makes it a very attractive platform for regenerative-medicine applications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061179
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: PTH-Induced Bone Regeneration and Vascular Modulation Are Both Dependent on Endothelial Signaling.

    Cohn-Schwartz, Doron / Schary, Yeshai / Yalon, Eran / Krut, Zoe / Da, Xiaoyu / Schwarz, Edward M / Gazit, Dan / Pelled, Gadi / Gazit, Zulma

    Cells

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 5

    Abstract: The use of a bone allograft presents a promising approach for healing nonunion fractures. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy induced allograft integration while modulating angiogenesis at the allograft proximity. Here, we ... ...

    Abstract The use of a bone allograft presents a promising approach for healing nonunion fractures. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy induced allograft integration while modulating angiogenesis at the allograft proximity. Here, we hypothesize that PTH-induced vascular modulation and the osteogenic effect of PTH are both dependent on endothelial PTH receptor-1 (PTHR1) signaling. To evaluate our hypothesis, we used multiple transgenic mouse lines, and their wild-type counterparts as a control. In addition to endothelial-specific PTHR1 knock-out mice, we used mice in which PTHR1 was engineered to be constitutively active in collagen-1α+ osteoblasts, to assess the effect of PTH signaling activation exclusively in osteoprogenitors. To characterize resident cell recruitment and osteogenic activity, mice in which the Luciferase reporter gene is expressed under the Osteocalcin promoter (Oc-Luc) were used. Mice were implanted with calvarial allografts and treated with either PTH or PBS. A micro-computed tomography-based structural analysis indicated that the induction of bone formation by PTH, as observed in wild-type animals, was not maintained when PTHR1 was removed from endothelial cells. Furthermore, the induction of PTH signaling exclusively in osteoblasts resulted in significantly less bone formation compared to systemic PTH treatment, and significantly less osteogenic activity was measured by bioluminescence imaging of the Oc-Luc mice. Deletion of the endothelial PTHR1 significantly decreased the PTH-induced formation of narrow blood vessels, formerly demonstrated in wild-type mice. However, the exclusive activation of PTH signaling in osteoblasts was sufficient to re-establish the observed PTH effect. Collectively, our results show that endothelial PTHR1 signaling plays a key role in PTH-induced osteogenesis and has implications in angiogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Endothelial Cells ; Mice ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology ; Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics ; X-Ray Microtomography
    Chemical Substances Parathyroid Hormone ; Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells11050897
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Recent Advances and Future of Gene Therapy for Bone Regeneration.

    Shapiro, Galina / Lieber, Raphael / Gazit, Dan / Pelled, Gadi

    Current osteoporosis reports

    2018  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 504–511

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in gene therapy as a treatment for bone regeneration. While most fractures heal spontaneously, patients who present with fracture nonunion suffer from prolonged pain, ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in gene therapy as a treatment for bone regeneration. While most fractures heal spontaneously, patients who present with fracture nonunion suffer from prolonged pain, disability, and often require additional operations to regain musculoskeletal function.
    Recent findings: In the last few years, BMP gene delivery by means of electroporation and sonoporation resulted in repair of nonunion bone defects in mice, rats, and minipigs. Ex vivo transfection of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resulted in bone regeneration following implantation in vertebral defects of minipigs. Sustained release of VEGF gene from a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold to the mandible of a human patient was shown to be safe and osteoinductive. In conclusion, gene therapy methods for bone regeneration are systematically becoming more efficient and show proof-of-concept in clinically relevant animal models. Yet, on the pathway to clinical use, more investigation is needed to determine the safety aspects of the various techniques in terms of biodistribution, toxicity, and tumorigenicity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics ; Bone Regeneration/genetics ; Collagen ; Durapatite ; Electroporation ; Fracture Healing/genetics ; Fractures, Ununited/therapy ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
    Chemical Substances Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Durapatite (91D9GV0Z28)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2186581-4
    ISSN 1544-2241 ; 1544-1873
    ISSN (online) 1544-2241
    ISSN 1544-1873
    DOI 10.1007/s11914-018-0459-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: PTH-Induced Bone Regeneration and Vascular Modulation Are Both Dependent on Endothelial Signaling

    Doron Cohn-Schwartz / Yeshai Schary / Eran Yalon / Zoe Krut / Xiaoyu Da / Edward M. Schwarz / Dan Gazit / Gadi Pelled / Zulma Gazit

    Cells, Vol 11, Iss 897, p

    2022  Volume 897

    Abstract: The use of a bone allograft presents a promising approach for healing nonunion fractures. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy induced allograft integration while modulating angiogenesis at the allograft proximity. Here, we ... ...

    Abstract The use of a bone allograft presents a promising approach for healing nonunion fractures. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy induced allograft integration while modulating angiogenesis at the allograft proximity. Here, we hypothesize that PTH-induced vascular modulation and the osteogenic effect of PTH are both dependent on endothelial PTH receptor-1 (PTHR1) signaling. To evaluate our hypothesis, we used multiple transgenic mouse lines, and their wild-type counterparts as a control. In addition to endothelial-specific PTHR1 knock-out mice, we used mice in which PTHR1 was engineered to be constitutively active in collagen-1α+ osteoblasts, to assess the effect of PTH signaling activation exclusively in osteoprogenitors. To characterize resident cell recruitment and osteogenic activity, mice in which the Luciferase reporter gene is expressed under the Osteocalcin promoter (Oc-Luc) were used. Mice were implanted with calvarial allografts and treated with either PTH or PBS. A micro-computed tomography-based structural analysis indicated that the induction of bone formation by PTH, as observed in wild-type animals, was not maintained when PTHR1 was removed from endothelial cells. Furthermore, the induction of PTH signaling exclusively in osteoblasts resulted in significantly less bone formation compared to systemic PTH treatment, and significantly less osteogenic activity was measured by bioluminescence imaging of the Oc-Luc mice. Deletion of the endothelial PTHR1 significantly decreased the PTH-induced formation of narrow blood vessels, formerly demonstrated in wild-type mice. However, the exclusive activation of PTH signaling in osteoblasts was sufficient to re-establish the observed PTH effect. Collectively, our results show that endothelial PTHR1 signaling plays a key role in PTH-induced osteogenesis and has implications in angiogenesis.
    Keywords parathyroid hormone ; fracture healing ; angiogenesis ; osteogenesis ; allograft ; calvarial bone repair ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: A theranostic 3D ultrasound imaging system for high resolution image-guided therapy.

    Bendjador, Hanna / Foiret, Josquin / Wodnicki, Robert / Stephens, Douglas N / Krut, Zoe / Park, Eun-Yeong / Gazit, Zulma / Gazit, Dan / Pelled, Gadi / Ferrara, Katherine W

    Theranostics

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) 4949–4964

    Abstract: Microbubble contrast agents are a diagnostic tool with broad clinical impact and an increasing number of indications. Many therapeutic applications have also been identified. Yet, technologies for ultrasound guidance of microbubble-mediated therapy are ... ...

    Abstract Microbubble contrast agents are a diagnostic tool with broad clinical impact and an increasing number of indications. Many therapeutic applications have also been identified. Yet, technologies for ultrasound guidance of microbubble-mediated therapy are limited. In particular, arrays that are capable of implementing and imaging microbubble-based therapy in three dimensions in real-time are lacking. We propose a system to perform and monitor microbubble-based therapy, capable of volumetric imaging over a large field-of-view. To propel the promise of the theranostic treatment strategies forward, we have designed and tested a unique array and system for 3D ultrasound guidance of microbubble-based therapeutic protocols based on the frequency, temporal and spatial requirements.
    MeSH term(s) Microbubbles ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Precision Medicine ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-27
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2592097-2
    ISSN 1838-7640 ; 1838-7640
    ISSN (online) 1838-7640
    ISSN 1838-7640
    DOI 10.7150/thno.71221
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Nonviral ultrasound-mediated gene delivery in small and large animal models.

    Bez, Maxim / Foiret, Josquin / Shapiro, Galina / Pelled, Gadi / Ferrara, Katherine W / Gazit, Dan

    Nature protocols

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 1015–1026

    Abstract: Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery (sonoporation) is a minimally invasive, nonviral and clinically translatable method of gene therapy. This method offers a favorable safety profile over that of viral vectors and is less invasive as compared with other ... ...

    Abstract Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery (sonoporation) is a minimally invasive, nonviral and clinically translatable method of gene therapy. This method offers a favorable safety profile over that of viral vectors and is less invasive as compared with other physical gene delivery approaches (e.g., electroporation). We have previously used sonoporation to overexpress transgenes in different skeletal tissues in order to induce tissue regeneration. Here, we provide a protocol that could easily be adapted to address various other targets of tissue regeneration or additional applications, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This protocol describes how to prepare, conduct and optimize ultrasound-mediated gene delivery in both a murine and a porcine animal model. The protocol includes the preparation of a microbubble-DNA mix and in vivo sonoporation under ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery can be accomplished within 10 min. After DNA delivery, animals can be followed to monitor gene expression, protein secretion and other transgene-specific outcomes, including tissue regeneration. This procedure can be accomplished by a competent graduate student or technician with prior experience in ultrasound imaging or in performing in vivo procedures.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; DNA/genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Transfer Techniques/instrumentation ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Microbubbles ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy ; Plasmids/chemistry ; Plasmids/metabolism ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Ultrasonic Therapy/methods ; Ultrasonic Waves ; Ultrasonography/methods
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2244966-8
    ISSN 1750-2799 ; 1754-2189
    ISSN (online) 1750-2799
    ISSN 1754-2189
    DOI 10.1038/s41596-019-0125-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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