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  1. Article ; Online: Blends of Carbohydrate Polymers for the Co-Microencapsulation of

    Saavedra-Leos, María Z / Román-Aguirre, Manuel / Toxqui-Terán, Alberto / Espinosa-Solís, Vicente / Franco-Vega, Avelina / Leyva-Porras, César

    Polymers

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 2

    Abstract: A functional food based on blends of carbohydrate polymers and active ingredients was prepared by spray drying. Inulin (IN) and maltodextrin (MX) were used as carrying agents to co-microencapsulate quercetin as an antioxidant ... ...

    Abstract A functional food based on blends of carbohydrate polymers and active ingredients was prepared by spray drying. Inulin (IN) and maltodextrin (MX) were used as carrying agents to co-microencapsulate quercetin as an antioxidant and
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527146-5
    ISSN 2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
    ISSN (online) 2073-4360
    ISSN 2073-4360
    DOI 10.3390/polym14020236
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Introduction: protistan biology, horizontal gene transfer, and common descent uncover faulty logic in intelligent design.

    Espinosa, Avelina

    The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology

    2009  Volume 57, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Congresses as Topic ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1147218-2
    ISSN 1550-7408 ; 1066-5234
    ISSN (online) 1550-7408
    ISSN 1066-5234
    DOI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00459.x
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  3. Article: Bioinformatics Structural and Phylogenetic Characterization of

    Lowerre, Katie M / Espinosa, Avelina / Paz-Y-Miño-C, Guillermo / Hemme, Christopher

    Bios

    2019  Volume 90, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–41

    Abstract: An amitochondriate parasite, ...

    Abstract An amitochondriate parasite,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175911-X
    ISSN 0005-3155
    ISSN 0005-3155
    DOI 10.1893/0005-3155-90.1.30
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  4. Article: Discrimination Experiments in Entamoeba and Evidence from Other Protists Suggest Pathogenic Amebas Cooperate with Kin to Colonize Hosts and Deter Rivals

    Espinosa, Avelina / Paz‐y‐Miño‐C, Guillermo

    journal of eukaryotic microbiology. 2019 Mar., v. 66, no. 2

    2019  

    Abstract: Entamoeba histolytica is one of the least understood protists in terms of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition ability. However, the capacity to tell apart same or self (clone/kin) from different or nonself (nonclone/nonkin) has long been ... ...

    Abstract Entamoeba histolytica is one of the least understood protists in terms of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition ability. However, the capacity to tell apart same or self (clone/kin) from different or nonself (nonclone/nonkin) has long been demonstrated in pathogenic eukaryotes like Trypanosoma and Plasmodium, free‐living social amebas (Dictyostelium, Polysphondylium), budding yeast (Saccharomyces), and in numerous bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes). Kin discrimination/recognition is explained under inclusive fitness theory; that is, the reproductive advantage that genetically closely related organisms (kin) can gain by cooperating preferably with one another (rather than with distantly related or unrelated individuals), minimizing antagonism and competition with kin, and excluding genetic strangers (or cheaters = noncooperators that benefit from others’ investments in altruistic cooperation). In this review, we rely on the outcomes of in vitro pairwise discrimination/recognition encounters between seven Entamoeba lineages to discuss the biological significance of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition in a range of generalist and specialist species (close or distantly related phylogenetically). We then focus our discussion on the importance of these laboratory observations for E. histolytica's life cycle, host infestation, and implications of these features of the amebas’ natural history for human health (including mitigation of amebiasis).
    Keywords Archaea ; Dictyostelium ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Plasmodium ; Saccharomyces ; Trypanosoma ; amebiasis ; antagonism ; bacteria ; eukaryotic cells ; hosts ; human health ; natural history ; phylogeny ; prokaryotic cells ; protists ; yeasts
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-03
    Size p. 354-368.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note REVIEW
    ZDB-ID 1147218-2
    ISSN 1550-7408 ; 1066-5234
    ISSN (online) 1550-7408
    ISSN 1066-5234
    DOI 10.1111/jeu.12673
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (

    Espinosa, Avelina / Paz-Y-Miño-C, Guillermo / Santos, Yoly / Ma, Hang / Nadeau, Michael / Seeram, Navindra P / Rowley, David C

    Heliyon

    2020  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) e03693

    Abstract: Entamoeba ... ...

    Abstract Entamoeba histolytica
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693
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  6. Article ; Online: Blends of Carbohydrate Polymers for the Co-Microencapsulation of Bacillus clausii and Quercetin as Active Ingredients of a Functional Food

    María Z. Saavedra-Leos / Manuel Román-Aguirre / Alberto Toxqui-Terán / Vicente Espinosa-Solís / Avelina Franco-Vega / César Leyva-Porras

    Polymers, Vol 14, Iss 236, p

    2022  Volume 236

    Abstract: A functional food based on blends of carbohydrate polymers and active ingredients was prepared by spray drying. Inulin (IN) and maltodextrin (MX) were used as carrying agents to co-microencapsulate quercetin as an antioxidant and Bacillus clausii (Bc) as ...

    Abstract A functional food based on blends of carbohydrate polymers and active ingredients was prepared by spray drying. Inulin (IN) and maltodextrin (MX) were used as carrying agents to co-microencapsulate quercetin as an antioxidant and Bacillus clausii (Bc) as a probiotic. Through a reduced design of experiments, eleven runs were conducted and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The physical characterizations showed fine and non-aggregated powders, composed of pseudo-spherical particles with micrometric sizes. The observation of rod-like particles suggested that microorganisms were microencapsulated in these particles. The microstructure of the powders was amorphous, observing diffraction peaks attributed to the crystallization of the antioxidant. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends was above the room temperature, which may promote a higher stability during storage. The antioxidant activity (AA) values increased for the IN-MX blends, while the viability of the microorganisms increased with the addition of MX. By a surface response plot (SRP) the yield showed a major dependency with the drying temperature and then with the concentration of IN. The work contributes to the use of carbohydrate polymers blends, and to the co-microencapsulation of active ingredients.
    Keywords carbohydrate polymers blends ; functional food ; antioxidant activity ; co-microencapsulation ; spray drying ; bacteria viability ( Bacillus clausii ) ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 660
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Discrimination Experiments in Entamoeba and Evidence from Other Protists Suggest Pathogenic Amebas Cooperate with Kin to Colonize Hosts and Deter Rivals.

    Espinosa, Avelina / Paz-Y-Miño-C, Guillermo

    The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology

    2018  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 354–368

    Abstract: Entamoeba histolytica is one of the least understood protists in terms of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition ability. However, the capacity to tell apart same or self (clone/kin) from different or nonself (nonclone/nonkin) has long been ... ...

    Abstract Entamoeba histolytica is one of the least understood protists in terms of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition ability. However, the capacity to tell apart same or self (clone/kin) from different or nonself (nonclone/nonkin) has long been demonstrated in pathogenic eukaryotes like Trypanosoma and Plasmodium, free-living social amebas (Dictyostelium, Polysphondylium), budding yeast (Saccharomyces), and in numerous bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes). Kin discrimination/recognition is explained under inclusive fitness theory; that is, the reproductive advantage that genetically closely related organisms (kin) can gain by cooperating preferably with one another (rather than with distantly related or unrelated individuals), minimizing antagonism and competition with kin, and excluding genetic strangers (or cheaters = noncooperators that benefit from others' investments in altruistic cooperation). In this review, we rely on the outcomes of in vitro pairwise discrimination/recognition encounters between seven Entamoeba lineages to discuss the biological significance of taxa, clone, and kin discrimination/recognition in a range of generalist and specialist species (close or distantly related phylogenetically). We then focus our discussion on the importance of these laboratory observations for E. histolytica's life cycle, host infestation, and implications of these features of the amebas' natural history for human health (including mitigation of amebiasis).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Entamoeba/physiology ; Entamoebiasis/parasitology ; Microbial Interactions ; Species Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1147218-2
    ISSN 1550-7408 ; 1066-5234
    ISSN (online) 1550-7408
    ISSN 1066-5234
    DOI 10.1111/jeu.12673
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  8. Article ; Online: Kin Discrimination in Protists: From Many Cells to Single Cells and Backwards.

    Paz-Y-Miño-C, Guillermo / Espinosa, Avelina

    The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology

    2016  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 367–377

    Abstract: During four decades (1960-1990s), the conceptualization and experimental design of studies in kin recognition relied on work with multicellular eukaryotes, particularly Unikonta (including invertebrates and vertebrates) and some Bikonta (including plants) ...

    Abstract During four decades (1960-1990s), the conceptualization and experimental design of studies in kin recognition relied on work with multicellular eukaryotes, particularly Unikonta (including invertebrates and vertebrates) and some Bikonta (including plants). This pioneering research had an animal behavior approach. During the 2000s, work on taxa-, clone- and kin-discrimination and recognition in protists produced genetic and molecular evidence that unicellular organisms (e.g. Saccharomyces, Dictyostelium, Polysphondylium, Tetrahymena, Entamoeba and Plasmodium) could distinguish between same (self or clone) and different (diverse clones), as well as among conspecifics of close or distant genetic relatedness. Here, we discuss some of the research on the genetics of kin discrimination/recognition and highlight the scientific progress made by switching emphasis from investigating multicellular to unicellular systems (and backwards). We document how studies with protists are helping us to understand the microscopic, cellular origins and evolution of the mechanisms of kin discrimination/recognition and their significance for the advent of multicellularity. We emphasize that because protists are among the most ancient organisms on Earth, belong to multiple taxonomic groups and occupy all environments, they can be central to reexamining traditional hypotheses in the field of kin recognition, reformulating concepts, and generating new knowledge.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Eukaryota/classification ; Eukaryota/genetics ; Eukaryota/physiology ; Genetic Fitness ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1147218-2
    ISSN 1550-7408 ; 1066-5234
    ISSN (online) 1550-7408
    ISSN 1066-5234
    DOI 10.1111/jeu.12306
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  9. Article: Bioinformatics structural and phylogenetic characterization of Entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (EhADH2)

    Lowerre, Katie M / Espinosa, Avelina / Hemme, Christopher / Paz-y-Miño-C, Guillermo

    Bios. 2019 Oct. 26, v. 90, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: An amitochondriate parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, has a bifunctional ADHE enzyme (EhADH2) that contains separate acetaldehyde (ALDH) and alcohol (ADH) dehydrogenase activities. In a cluster of 25 bifunctional enzymes of single cell eukaryotes and ... ...

    Abstract An amitochondriate parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, has a bifunctional ADHE enzyme (EhADH2) that contains separate acetaldehyde (ALDH) and alcohol (ADH) dehydrogenase activities. In a cluster of 25 bifunctional enzymes of single cell eukaryotes and bacteria, we present a phylogenetic analysis that suggests a lateral gene transfer event (prokaryotic ancestor to single-cell eukaryotic ancestor) and a complex structure that aligns with key homologs in the ADHE evolutionary history based on their similarity with bacterial alcohol dehydrogenases. We show that the ADHE in Entamoeba lineage diverged independently but shows significant similarities to the structure of ADHE in Fusobacterium, and a complex model that maps its ALDH and ADH domain well with bacteria such as Geobaccillus thermoglucosidasius. Our analyses likely support a lateral acquisition of an EhADH2-like ancestral gene from bacteria. Analysis using several evolutionary analyses software programs reveal that the enzyme structure is highly conserved, and maintains a similar function within a diverse set of pathogens, including Escherichia coli and Clostridium spp.
    Keywords acetaldehyde ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; alcohols ; ancestry ; bacteria ; bioinformatics ; Clostridium ; computer software ; Entamoeba histolytica ; enzyme activity ; Escherichia coli ; eukaryotic cells ; Fusobacterium ; genes ; horizontal gene transfer ; models ; parasites ; pathogens ; phylogeny
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1026
    Size p. 30-41.
    Publishing place Beta Beta Beta Biological Honor Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2175911-X
    ISSN 0005-3155
    ISSN 0005-3155
    DOI 10.1893/0005-3155-90.1.30
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  10. Article ; Online: Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds

    Avelina Espinosa / Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C / Yoly Santos / Hang Ma / Michael Nadeau / Navindra P. Seeram / David C. Rowley

    Heliyon, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp e03693- (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or ... ...

    Abstract Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrated the gut or colonized internal organs (e.g. metronidazole). Some of these drugs are highly toxic to patients, have generated trophozoite resistance, or caused mutations and cancer in laboratory animals. Thus, alternative anti-amebic compounds need to be identified to minimize the side effects (on patients) or resistance (by amebas) to current treatments. The literature suggests that anthraquinones (chemicals found in medicinal plants) have antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here we provide experimental evidence that Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract (rich in the anthraquinone rhein) inhibits E. histolytica trophozoite growth in vitro. In addition, from a set of ten isolated/synthetic anthraquinones (which we suspected to have anti-amebic properties), four analogs (rhein; AHHDAC = 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9, 10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; unisol blue AS; and sennoside B) efficiently inhibited amebic growth at EIC50 concentrations comparable to metronidazole. The mechanism of action of these compounds still needs to be determined, although anthraquinones might enhance the production of toxic oxygen metabolites as it has been suggested for various protists (e.g. Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma). Our research is the first to explore anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb leaves' extract and isolated/synthetic anthraquinones on pathogenic Entamoeba.
    Keywords Microbiology ; Natural product chemistry ; Parasitology ; Pharmacology ; Antimicrobial ; Amebiasis ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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