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Article: Bactericidal assays for fluoroquinolones.

Gootz, T D

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2000 Volume 95, Page(s) 185–194

MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism ; DNA, Superhelical/chemistry ; DNA, Superhelical/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Fluoroquinolones ; Kinetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Plasmids/chemistry ; Plasmids/metabolism ; Quality Control ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; DNA, Superhelical ; Fluoroquinolones ; Naphthyridines ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; trovafloxacin (9F388J00UK) ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II (EC 5.99.1.3) ; sparfloxacin (Q90AGA787L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1064-3745
ISSN	1064-3745
DOI	10.1385/1-59259-057-8:185
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Article: Discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents.

Gootz, T D

Clinical microbiology reviews

1990 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–31

Abstract: The unprecedented growth in the number of new antibiotics over the past two decades has been the result of extensive research efforts that have exploited the growing body of knowledge describing the interactions of antibiotics with their targets in ... ...

Abstract	The unprecedented growth in the number of new antibiotics over the past two decades has been the result of extensive research efforts that have exploited the growing body of knowledge describing the interactions of antibiotics with their targets in bacterial cells. Information gained from one class of antimicrobial agents has often been used to advance the development of other classes. In the case of beta-lactams, information on structure-activity relationships gleaned from penicillins and cephalosporins was rapidly applied to the cephamycins, monobactams, penems, and carbapenems in order to discover broad-spectrum agents with markedly improved potency. These efforts have led to the introduction of many new antibiotics that demonstrate outstanding clinical efficacy and improved pharmacokinetics in humans. The current review discusses those factors that have influenced the rapid proliferation of new antimicrobial agents, including the discovery of new lead structures from natural products and the impact of bacterial resistance development in the clinical setting. The development process for a new antibiotic is discussed in detail, from the stage of early safety testing in animals through phase I, II, and III clinical trials.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/toxicity ; Drug Design ; Drug Evaluation ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Humans ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	1990-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645015-5
ISSN	1098-6618 ; 0893-8512
ISSN (online)	1098-6618
ISSN	0893-8512
DOI	10.1128/CMR.3.1.13
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Article: Bacteriological activity of trovafloxacin, a new quinolone, against respiratory tract pathogens.

Pechère, J C / Gootz, T D

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology

1998 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 405–412

Abstract: The use of established fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, as empirical therapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe respiratory tract infections is limited by their poor activity against gram-positive and atypical pathogens. Data ... ...

Abstract	The use of established fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, as empirical therapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe respiratory tract infections is limited by their poor activity against gram-positive and atypical pathogens. Data from in vitro susceptibility studies and in vivo animal protection models suggest that the new fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin, compared with ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin offers equivalent activity against gram-negative pathogens and improved activity against gram-positive pathogens. In particular, susceptibility data indicate that trovafloxacin is at least 16-fold more potent than either ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other susceptible pathogens include Streptococcus pyogenes, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis and the atypical respiratory pathogens Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. In vivo studies involving models of protection against acute systemic infection and pneumococcal pneumonia in mice, and Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, indicate that the antibacterial spectrum observed for trovafloxacin in vitro extends to the in vivo setting. Together, these findings suggest that trovafloxacin may offer clinical efficacy against respiratory pathogens superior to that of ciprofloxacin and of ofloxacin, and may find a useful role as empiric therapy in both the community and hospital setting.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthyridines/chemistry ; Naphthyridines/pharmacokinetics ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Naphthyridines/therapeutic use ; Respiratory System/microbiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Naphthyridines ; trovafloxacin (9F388J00UK)
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-10-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603155-9
ISSN	1435-4373 ; 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
ISSN (online)	1435-4373
ISSN	0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
DOI	10.1007/bf01691573
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Zs.A 1732: Show issues

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Article: In-vitro and in-vivo activity of trovafloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Klugman, K P / Gootz, T D

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

1997 Volume 39 Suppl B, Page(s) 51–55

Abstract: Trovafloxacin had greater in-vitro activity than comparative fluoroquinolone agents against penicillin-sensitive pneumococci in studies from the USA, UK, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Sweden and South Africa. This activity was maintained against penicillin- ... ...

Abstract	Trovafloxacin had greater in-vitro activity than comparative fluoroquinolone agents against penicillin-sensitive pneumococci in studies from the USA, UK, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Sweden and South Africa. This activity was maintained against penicillin-resistant strains, with MIC90 values of < or = 0.25 mg/L observed for both groups. Bactericidal activity appeared to occur within one or two dilutions of the MIC and, in the limited number of strains studied, the MIC was independent of the medium tested and pH over the range pH 5-8. Mutation to decreased susceptibility to trovafloxacin occurred in vitro at a low frequency in the pneumococcus (< or = 8.9 x 10(-9)). Mutants with changes in the topoisomerase IV A subunit (GrlA) were still inhibited by 0.5 mg/L of trovafloxacin. Trovafloxacin was more efficacious than ciprofloxacin, temafloxacin or ofloxacin in mouse pneumonia models for both penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Trovafloxacin was also highly efficacious in a rabbit pneumococcal meningitis model. These data suggest that the clinical efficacy of trovafloxacin against pneumococci should be evaluated further.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Fluoroquinolones ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Naphthyridines/therapeutic use ; Penicillin Resistance ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy ; Rabbits ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Naphthyridines ; trovafloxacin (9F388J00UK)
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/39.suppl_2.51
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Zs.A 1197: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: The chemistry and biological profile of trovafloxacin.

Brighty, K E / Gootz, T D

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

1997 Volume 39 Suppl B, Page(s) 1–14

Abstract: The fluoroquinolone antibacterials are noted for their activity after oral administration and potent activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) is a new quinolone antibacterial characterized by a novel 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl ... ...

Abstract	The fluoroquinolone antibacterials are noted for their activity after oral administration and potent activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) is a new quinolone antibacterial characterized by a novel 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl substituent at the C-7 position, which was discovered in the course of a programme targeting improved activity compared with ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive aerobic organisms and anaerobes, as well as an extended elimination half-life. An overview of the chemical properties of trovafloxacin is given. Trovafloxacin exhibits excellent potency against Gram-positive organisms and anaerobes, while retaining the potent Gram-negative activity of ciprofloxacin. Its pharmacokinetic properties in humans have been shown to be compatible with a once-daily dosing regimen. The combined spectrum and pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin have been demonstrated to result in excellent efficacy in both animal models of infections and human clinical trials. Phase II and Phase III programmes have been completed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthyridines/chemistry ; Naphthyridines/pharmacokinetics ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Naphthyridines/therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Naphthyridines ; trovafloxacin (9F388J00UK)
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/39.suppl_2.1
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Zs.A 1197: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Fluoroquinolone antibacterials: SAR mechanism of action, resistance, and clinical aspects.

Gootz, T D / Brighty, K E

Medicinal research reviews

1996 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) 433–486

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; Humans ; Prodrugs ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Prodrugs
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603210-2
ISSN	0198-6325
ISSN	0198-6325
DOI	10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199609)16:5<433::AID-MED3>3.0.CO;2-W
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Zs.A 1764: Show issues

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Article: Characterization of high-level quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni.

Gootz, T D / Martin, B A

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

1991 Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 840–845

Abstract: High-level resistance to quinolones has previously been shown to occur in Campylobacter spp. both in vitro and in patients treated with quinolones. We have selected isolates that are resistant to quinolones by plating cells from a susceptible C. jejuni ... ...

Abstract	High-level resistance to quinolones has previously been shown to occur in Campylobacter spp. both in vitro and in patients treated with quinolones. We have selected isolates that are resistant to quinolones by plating cells from a susceptible C. jejuni strain, UA535, on medium containing nalidixic acid at 32 micrograms/ml. Fluctuation analysis indicated that resistance occurred by mutation at a frequency of 5 x 10(-8) per cell plated. Unlike what is observed with other gram-negative organisms, the nalidixic acid-resistant mutants demonstrated high-level cross-resistance (MIC, greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) to newer quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and temafloxacin, yet remained susceptible to coumermycin A1 and several other unrelated antibiotics. Mutants with an identical resistance phenotype could also be selected from UA535 with ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin at a similar frequency. To study the mechanism of quinolone resistance, DNA gyrases were purified from C. jejuni UA535 and two resistant mutants by heparin-agarose and novobiocin-Sepharose chromatography. After the respective enzyme concentrations were adjusted to equivalent units of activity in the DNA supercoiling reaction, the DNA gyrases from the resistant mutants were found to be 100-fold less susceptible than the wild-type enzyme to inhibition by quinolones. Subunit switching experiments with purified A and B subunits from the wild type and one of the quinolone-resistant mutants indicated that an alteration in the A subunit was responsible for resistance. These results show that a single-step mutation can occur in vitro in the gene encoding DNA gyrase in C. jejuni, producing clinically relevant levels of resistance to the newer quinolones.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Campylobacter jejuni/drug effects ; Campylobacter jejuni/genetics ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/isolation & purification ; DNA, Superhelical/analysis ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fluoroquinolones ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Nalidixic Acid/pharmacology ; Norfloxacin/pharmacology ; Quinolones ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; DNA, Superhelical ; Fluoroquinolones ; Quinolones ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; temafloxacin (1WZ12GTT67) ; Nalidixic Acid (3B91HWA56M) ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II (EC 5.99.1.3) ; Norfloxacin (N0F8P22L1P)
Language	English
Publishing date	1991-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.35.5.840
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Article: Topoisomerase IV catalysis and the mechanism of quinolone action.

Anderson, V E / Gootz, T D / Osheroff, N

The Journal of biological chemistry

1998 Volume 273, Issue 28, Page(s) 17879–17885

Abstract: Topoisomerase IV is a bacterial type II topoisomerase that is essential for proper chromosome segregation and is a target for quinolone-based antimicrobial agents. Despite the importance of this enzyme to the survival of prokaryotic cells and to the ... ...

Abstract	Topoisomerase IV is a bacterial type II topoisomerase that is essential for proper chromosome segregation and is a target for quinolone-based antimicrobial agents. Despite the importance of this enzyme to the survival of prokaryotic cells and to the treatment of bacterial infections, relatively little is known about the details of its catalytic mechanism or the basis by which quinolones alter its enzymatic functions. Therefore, a series of experiments that analyzed individual steps of the topoisomerase IV catalytic cycle were undertaken to address these critical mechanistic issues. The following conclusions were drawn. First, equilibrium levels of DNA cleavage mediated by the bacterial enzyme were considerably (>10-fold) higher than those observed with its eukaryotic counterparts. To a large extent, this reflected decreased rates of DNA religation. Second, the preference of topoisomerase IV for catalyzing DNA decatenation over relaxation reflects increased rates of strand passage and enzyme recycling rather than a heightened recognition of intermolecular DNA helices. Third, quinolones stimulate topoisomerase IV-mediated DNA cleavage both by increasing rates of DNA scission and by inhibiting religation of cleaved DNA. Finally, quinolones inhibit the overall catalytic activity of topoisomerase IV primarily by interfering with enzyme-ATP interactions.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Catalysis ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; DNA/drug effects ; DNA Topoisomerase IV ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Hydrolysis ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Recombinant Proteins ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; DNA Topoisomerase IV (EC 5.99.1.-) ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II (EC 5.99.1.3)
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-07-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.273.28.17879
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Article: Bacterial efflux pump inhibitors.

Kamicker, Barbara J / Sweeney, Michael T / Kaczmarek, Frank / Dib-Hajj, Fadia / Shang, Wenchi / Crimin, Kim / Duignan, Joan / Gootz, Thomas D

Methods in molecular medicine

2008 Volume 142, Page(s) 187–204

Abstract: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens play a major role in the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. The rise of resistance to current antibiotic therapies has made the discovery of new agents urgent. One of the ... ...

Abstract	Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens play a major role in the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. The rise of resistance to current antibiotic therapies has made the discovery of new agents urgent. One of the major antibiotic resistance mechanisms utilized by more than 15 species of Gram-negative bacterial cells is the Resistance Nodulation Division (RND) efflux pump, which eliminates several classes of antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporin macrolides aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolonesx and tetracyclines. Here we describe a multistep process to identify compounds that inhibit the RND-type efflux pumps. This involves measuring the inhibition of accumulation of ethidium bromide in E. coli or Haemophilus influenzae cells and confirming that the inhibition is specific for the efflux pumps by using genetic constructs and biochemical methods to measure nonspecific inhibition due to e.g. intrinsic antibacterial activity or membrane disruption. In whole bacterial cells synergism antagonism or indifference of the combination of an antibiotic with the putative inhibitor is determined and this is then confirmed by quantitating viable bacterial cells in liquid culture over 24 h.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Bacterial Proteins/analysis ; Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/analysis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Ethidium/metabolism ; Haemophilus influenzae/drug effects ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacterial Proteins ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; Ethidium (EN464416SI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1543-1894
ISSN	1543-1894
DOI	10.1007/978-1-59745-246-5_15
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Article: Pharmacokinetic studies of CP-74,667, a new quinolone, in laboratory animals.

Girard, D / Gootz, T D / McGuirk, P R

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

1992 Volume 36, Issue 8, Page(s) 1671–1676

Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of CP-74,667 (7-(8'-methyl-3',8'-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3'-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6- fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) were studied following oral or parenteral administration in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and ... ...

Abstract	The pharmacokinetics of CP-74,667 (7-(8'-methyl-3',8'-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3'-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6- fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) were studied following oral or parenteral administration in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys. The mean peak levels of CP-74,667 in serum following a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight were similar in all species, with a range of 3.7 micrograms/ml in mice to 5.6 micrograms/ml in dogs. In contrast, elimination half-lives were species dependent, with mean values of 2.1, 1.8, 4.5, 7.8, and 13.1 h in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys, respectively. The oral bioavailability of CP-74,667 was 100% in dogs and monkeys, as determined by intravenous-oral crossover experiments. The maximum concentration of drug in serum and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of CP-74,667 in dogs were proportional to dose over the range of 5 to 40 mg/kg. Accumulation of drug in serum was observed following the administration of four once-a-day doses of 7.1 mg/kg in monkeys (mimicking a 500-mg human dose), with significant increases in half-life, maximum and minimum concentrations of drug in serum, and AUC. The good tissue penetration of CP-74,667 suggested by a volume of distribution in excess of 2 liters/kg in dogs and monkeys was confirmed by tissue distribution studies with the same species, which demonstrated tissue concentrations (except for those in brain tissue) greater than 1.45 times higher than corresponding levels in serum. The mean urinary recoveries of unchanged drug were 17.7% in rats, 7.8% in monkeys, and 4.9% in dogs. Metabolism studies in dogs, following intravenous dosing, indicated that renal excretion of CP-74,667-related materials accounted for 41.6% of the administered dose, while biliary recoveries accounted for 6.8%. The CP-74,667 N-oxide metabolite was the primary drug-related material eliminated via renal excretion (37.2% of dose). The pharmacokinetics of CP-74,667 describe a quinolone with complete oral absorption, linear pharmacokinetics, a long elimination half-life, and wide distribution into tissues.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Bile/metabolism ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Female ; Fluoroquinolones ; Half-Life ; Injections, Intravenous ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Mice ; Protein Binding ; Quinolones/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Blood Proteins ; Fluoroquinolones ; Quinolones ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; 7-(8'-methyl-3',8'-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3'-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6- fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (D66A707X1B)
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/AAC.36.8.1671
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