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  1. Article: A TriAdj-Adjuvanted

    Proctor, Jessica / Stadler, Maria / Cortes, Lizette M / Brodsky, David / Poisson, Lydia / Gerdts, Volker / Smirnov, Alex I / Smirnova, Tatyana I / Barua, Subarna / Leahy, Darren / Beagley, Kenneth W / Harris, Jonathan M / Darville, Toni / Käser, Tobias

    Vaccines

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 4

    Abstract: Chlamydia ... ...

    Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines12040423
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: High yield expression in Pichia pastoris of human neutrophil elastase fused to cytochrome B5.

    Smith, Eliot T / Kruppa, Michael / Johnson, David A / Van Haeften, Jessica / Chen, Xingchen / Leahy, Darren / Peake, Jonathan / Harris, Jonathan M

    Protein expression and purification

    2023  Volume 206, Page(s) 106255

    Abstract: Recombinant human neutrophil elastase (rHNE), a serine protease, was expressed in Pichia pastoris. Glycosylation sites were removed via bioengineering to prevent hyper-glycosylation (a common problem with this system) and the cDNA was codon optimized for ...

    Abstract Recombinant human neutrophil elastase (rHNE), a serine protease, was expressed in Pichia pastoris. Glycosylation sites were removed via bioengineering to prevent hyper-glycosylation (a common problem with this system) and the cDNA was codon optimized for translation in Pichia pastoris. The zymogen form of rHNE was secreted as a fusion protein with an N-terminal six histidine tag followed by the heme binding domain of Cytochrome B5 (CytB5) linked to the N-terminus of the rHNE sequence via an enteropeptidase cleavage site. The CytB5 fusion balanced the very basic rHNE (pI = 9.89) to give a colored fusion protein (pI = 6.87), purified via IMAC. Active rHNE was obtained via enteropeptidase cleavage, and purified via cation exchange chromatography, resulting in a single protein band on SDS PAGE (Mr = 25 KDa). Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis confirmed the rHNE amino acid sequence, the absence of glycosylation and the absence of an 8 amino acid C-terminal peptide as opposed to the 20 amino acids usually missing from the C-terminus of native enzyme. The yield of active rHNE was 0.41 mg/L of baffled shaker flask culture medium. Active site titration with alpha-1 antitrypsin, a potent irreversible elastase inhibitor, quantified the concentration of purified active enzyme. The Km of rHNE with methoxy-succinyl-AAPVpNA was identical with that of the native enzyme within the assay's limit of accuracy. This is the first report of full-length rHNE expression at high yields and low cost facilitating further studies on this major human neutrophil enzyme.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Leukocyte Elastase/genetics ; Leukocyte Elastase/metabolism ; Cytochromes b5/metabolism ; Enteropeptidase/metabolism ; Pichia/genetics ; Pichia/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Peptides/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Leukocyte Elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) ; Cytochromes b5 (9035-39-6) ; Enteropeptidase (EC 3.4.21.9) ; Recombinant Proteins ; Peptides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1055455-5
    ISSN 1096-0279 ; 1046-5928
    ISSN (online) 1096-0279
    ISSN 1046-5928
    DOI 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106255
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Transcription factor 3 is dysregulated in megakaryocytes in myelofibrosis.

    Collinson, Ryan J / Wilson, Lynne / Boey, Darren / Ng, Zi Yun / Mirzai, Bob / Chuah, Hun S / Howman, Rebecca / Grove, Carolyn S / Malherbe, Jacques A J / Leahy, Michael F / Linden, Matthew D / Fuller, Kathryn A / Erber, Wendy N / Guo, Belinda B

    Platelets

    2024  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 2304173

    Abstract: Transcription factor 3 (TCF3) is a DNA transcription factor that modulates megakaryocyte development. Although abnormal TCF3 expression has been identified in a range of hematological malignancies, to date, it has not been investigated in myelofibrosis ( ... ...

    Abstract Transcription factor 3 (TCF3) is a DNA transcription factor that modulates megakaryocyte development. Although abnormal TCF3 expression has been identified in a range of hematological malignancies, to date, it has not been investigated in myelofibrosis (MF). MF is a Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that can arise
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Megakaryocytes/metabolism ; Polycythemia Vera/genetics ; Polycythemia Vera/metabolism ; Polycythemia Vera/pathology ; Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics ; Primary Myelofibrosis/pathology ; Proteomics ; Thrombocythemia, Essential/pathology ; Transcription Factor 3/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Transcription Factor 3 ; TCF3 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1034283-7
    ISSN 1369-1635 ; 0953-7104
    ISSN (online) 1369-1635
    ISSN 0953-7104
    DOI 10.1080/09537104.2024.2304173
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: PlateletSeq: A novel method for discovery of blood-based biomarkers.

    Collinson, Ryan J / Boey, Darren / Wilson, Lynne / Ng, Zi Yun / Mirzai, Bob / Chuah, Hun / Leahy, Michael F / Howman, Rebecca / Linden, Matthew / Fuller, Kathy / Erber, Wendy N / Guo, Belinda B

    Methods (San Diego, Calif.)

    2023  Volume 219, Page(s) 139–149

    Abstract: Platelets are small circulating fragments of cells that play important roles in thrombosis, haemostasis, immune response, inflammation and cancer growth. Although anucleate, they contain a rich RNA repertoire which offers an opportunity to characterise ... ...

    Abstract Platelets are small circulating fragments of cells that play important roles in thrombosis, haemostasis, immune response, inflammation and cancer growth. Although anucleate, they contain a rich RNA repertoire which offers an opportunity to characterise changes in platelet gene expression in health and disease. Whilst this can be achieved with conventional RNA sequencing, a large input of high-quality RNA, and hence blood volume, is required (unless a pre-amplification step is added), along with specialist bioinformatic skills for data analysis and interpretation. We have developed a transcriptomics next-generation sequencing-based approach that overcomes these limitations. Termed PlateletSeq, this method requires very low levels of RNA input and does not require specialist bioinformatic analytical skills. Here we describe the methodology, from sample collection to processing and data analysis. Specifically, blood samples can be stored for up to 8 days at 4 °C prior to analysis. Platelets are isolated using multi-step centrifugation and a purity of ≤ 1 leucocyte per 0.26x10
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; RNA/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Leukocytes ; Neoplasms/metabolism
    Chemical Substances RNA (63231-63-0) ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1066584-5
    ISSN 1095-9130 ; 1046-2023
    ISSN (online) 1095-9130
    ISSN 1046-2023
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.10.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Discrimination of Methionine Sulfoxide and Sulfone by Human Neutrophil Elastase.

    Leahy, Darren / Grant, Cameron / Jackson, Alex / Duff, Alex / Tardiota, Nicholas / Van Haeften, Jessica / Chen, Xingchen / Peake, Jonathan M / Kruppa, Michael D / Smith, Eliot T / Johnson, David A / Lott, William B / Harris, Jonathan M

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 17

    Abstract: ... is specifically selective for the di-oxygenated methionine sulfone rather than the mono-oxygenated ...

    Abstract Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a uniquely destructive serine protease with the ability to unleash a wave of proteolytic activity by destroying the inhibitors of other proteases. Although this phenomenon forms an important part of the innate immune response to invading pathogens, it is responsible for the collateral host tissue damage observed in chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and in more acute disorders such as the lung injuries associated with COVID-19 infection. Previously, a combinatorially selected activity-based probe revealed an unexpected substrate preference for oxidised methionine, which suggests a link to oxidative pathogen clearance by neutrophils. Here we use oxidised model substrates and inhibitors to confirm this observation and to show that neutrophil elastase is specifically selective for the di-oxygenated methionine sulfone rather than the mono-oxygenated methionine sulfoxide. We also posit a critical role for ordered solvent in the mechanism of HNE discrimination between the two oxidised forms methionine residue. Preference for the sulfone form of oxidised methionine is especially significant. While both host and pathogens have the ability to reduce methionine sulfoxide back to methionine, a biological pathway to reduce methionine sulfone is not known. Taken together, these data suggest that the oxidative activity of neutrophils may create rapidly cleaved elastase "super substrates" that directly damage tissue, while initiating a cycle of neutrophil oxidation that increases elastase tissue damage and further neutrophil recruitment.
    MeSH term(s) Biocatalysis ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Catalytic Domain/genetics ; Enzyme Assays ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Leukocyte Elastase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Leukocyte Elastase/genetics ; Leukocyte Elastase/metabolism ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Methionine/analogs & derivatives ; Methionine/metabolism ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; Proteolysis/drug effects ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Substrate Specificity/immunology
    Chemical Substances methionine sulfone (1118-85-0) ; Methionine (AE28F7PNPL) ; ELANE protein, human (EC 3.4.21.37) ; Leukocyte Elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) ; methionine sulfoxide (XN1XVI4B2C)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules26175344
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Difference between body composition of formula- and breastfed infants at birth.

    Smith, Hazel Ann / O'B Hourihane, Jonathan / Kenny, Louise C / Kiely, Mairead / Leahy-Warren, P / Dahly, Darren L / Murray, Deirdre M

    Journal of developmental origins of health and disease

    2019  Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) 616–620

    Abstract: Breastfeeding may reduce obesity risk, but this association could be confounded by breastfeeding families' characteristics. We investigated if body composition differs at birth among infants who were either exclusively breast- or formula-fed. We ... ...

    Abstract Breastfeeding may reduce obesity risk, but this association could be confounded by breastfeeding families' characteristics. We investigated if body composition differs at birth among infants who were either exclusively breast- or formula-fed. We hypothesized the two groups would differ in body composition, even at birth, prior to their post-natal feeding experience. Healthy primiparous carrying singleton pregnancy were recruited at 15 weeks' gestation. PEA POD® measured body composition within 72 hours of delivery and infant feeding was prospectively captured. Out of the 1,152 infants recruited, 117 (10.2%) and 239 (20.7%) went on to be either exclusively breast- or formula-fed, respectively. Breastfed infants were heavier at birth, but their percentage fat mass (FM) was lower than that of exclusively formula-fed infants (covariate adjusted β = -1.91 percentage points of FM; 95% CI -2.82 to -1.01). Differences in intra-uterine exposures, irrespective of early diet, may partly explain an infant's obesity risk.
    MeSH term(s) Body Composition ; Breast Feeding/methods ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula/statistics & numerical data ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Pregnancy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2554780-X
    ISSN 2040-1752 ; 2040-1744
    ISSN (online) 2040-1752
    ISSN 2040-1744
    DOI 10.1017/S2040174419000187
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Discrimination of Methionine Sulfoxide and Sulfone by Human Neutrophil Elastase

    Darren Leahy / Cameron Grant / Alex Jackson / Alex Duff / Nicholas Tardiota / Jessica Van Haeften / Xingchen Chen / Jonathan M. Peake / Michael D. Kruppa / Eliot T. Smith / David A. Johnson / William B. Lott / Jonathan M. Harris

    Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 5344, p

    2021  Volume 5344

    Abstract: ... is specifically selective for the di-oxygenated methionine sulfone rather than the mono-oxygenated ...

    Abstract Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a uniquely destructive serine protease with the ability to unleash a wave of proteolytic activity by destroying the inhibitors of other proteases. Although this phenomenon forms an important part of the innate immune response to invading pathogens, it is responsible for the collateral host tissue damage observed in chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and in more acute disorders such as the lung injuries associated with COVID-19 infection. Previously, a combinatorially selected activity-based probe revealed an unexpected substrate preference for oxidised methionine, which suggests a link to oxidative pathogen clearance by neutrophils. Here we use oxidised model substrates and inhibitors to confirm this observation and to show that neutrophil elastase is specifically selective for the di-oxygenated methionine sulfone rather than the mono-oxygenated methionine sulfoxide. We also posit a critical role for ordered solvent in the mechanism of HNE discrimination between the two oxidised forms methionine residue. Preference for the sulfone form of oxidised methionine is especially significant. While both host and pathogens have the ability to reduce methionine sulfoxide back to methionine, a biological pathway to reduce methionine sulfone is not known. Taken together, these data suggest that the oxidative activity of neutrophils may create rapidly cleaved elastase “super substrates” that directly damage tissue, while initiating a cycle of neutrophil oxidation that increases elastase tissue damage and further neutrophil recruitment.
    Keywords human neutrophil elastase ; peptide aldehyde ; substrate guided inhibitor design ; methionine oxidation ; methionine sulfone ; substrate selectivity ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Potent, multi-target serine protease inhibition achieved by a simplified β-sheet motif.

    Chen, Xingchen / Riley, Blake T / de Veer, Simon J / Hoke, David E / Van Haeften, Jessica / Leahy, Darren / Swedberg, Joakim E / Brattsand, Maria / Hartfield, Perry J / Buckle, Ashley M / Harris, Jonathan M

    PloS one

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e0210842

    Abstract: Engagement of an extended β-sheet is a common substrate/inhibitor interaction at the active site of serine proteases and is an important feature of Laskowski mechanism inhibitors that present a substrate-like loop to a target protease. This loop is ... ...

    Abstract Engagement of an extended β-sheet is a common substrate/inhibitor interaction at the active site of serine proteases and is an important feature of Laskowski mechanism inhibitors that present a substrate-like loop to a target protease. This loop is cleaved but subsequently relegated forming a stable inhibitor/protease complex. Laskowski inhibitors are ubiquitous in nature and are used extensively in serine protease inhibitor design. However, most studies concentrate on introducing new sidechain interactions rather than the direct contributions of the substrate-like β-sheet to enzyme inhibition. Here we report the crystal structure of an simplified β-sheet inhibitory motif within the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor (SFTI) in complex with trypsin. We show that the intramolecular hydrogen bond network of this SFTI variant (SFTI-TCTR) engages the inhibitor sidechains that would normally interact with a target protease, giving mainchain interactions a more prominent role in complex formation. Despite having reduced sidechain interactions, this SFTI variant is remarkably potent and inhibits a diverse range of serine proteases. Crystal structural analysis and molecular modelling of SFTI-TCTR complexes again indicates an interface dominated by β-sheet interactions, highlighting the importance of this motif and the adaptability of SFTI as a scaffold for inhibitor design.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Cattle ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Helianthus/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry ; Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry ; Plant Proteins/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Static Electricity ; Trypsin/chemistry ; Trypsin Inhibitors/chemistry ; Trypsin Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Peptides, Cyclic ; Plant Proteins ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ; Trypsin Inhibitors ; Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0210842
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: How Campers’ Beliefs about Forest Pests Affect Firewood Transport Behavior: An Application of Involvement Theory

    Daigle, John J / Straub, Crista L / Leahy, Jessica E / De Urioste-Stone, Sandra M / Ranco, Darren J / Siegert, Nathan W

    Forest science. 2019 May 21, v. 65, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: We conducted a survey of 272 campers at 18 private and public campgrounds in Maine (n = 101), New Hampshire (n = 88), and Vermont (n = 83) to learn about their firewood movement behavior, and knowledge and beliefs about invasive forest pests. More than ... ...

    Abstract We conducted a survey of 272 campers at 18 private and public campgrounds in Maine (n = 101), New Hampshire (n = 88), and Vermont (n = 83) to learn about their firewood movement behavior, and knowledge and beliefs about invasive forest pests. More than 25 percent of respondents reported that they often or always brought firewood from home for camping. Most (92 percent) had heard of invasive forest pests, but <25 percent could name an example without being prompted, affirming a need for increasing exposure of outreach materials to facilitate activation of attitudes associated with forest pests and transport of firewood. Campers provided helpful suggestions to improve current outreach and education efforts such as illustrating more of the detrimental impacts forest pests have on trees near homes or recreation areas. For campers who believe their wood is safe and therefore okay to transport regardless of regulations, a need exists to re-message arguments. Furthermore, results suggest that some campers with low involvement who are less engaged and less inclined to seek out information may additionally need more direct approaches. Actions to better capture the attention of these campers could potentially include confiscating illegally transported firewood at check stations, issuing warnings, or administering fines for moving nonlocal or nonheat-treated firewood in order to obtain compliance with protective firewood regulations.
    Keywords attitudes and opinions ; campgrounds ; camping ; compliance ; education ; forest pests ; forests ; fuelwood ; information ; knowledge ; materials ; outreach ; surveys ; trees ; Maine ; New Hampshire ; Vermont
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0521
    Size p. 363-372.
    Publishing place Oxford University Press
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ISSN 1938-3738
    DOI 10.1093/forsci/fxy056
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: A Versatile and Robust Serine Protease Inhibitor Scaffold from

    Chen, Xingchen / Leahy, Darren / Van Haeften, Jessica / Hartfield, Perry / Prentis, Peter J / van der Burg, Chloé A / Surm, Joachim M / Pavasovic, Ana / Madio, Bruno / Hamilton, Brett R / King, Glenn F / Undheim, Eivind A B / Brattsand, Maria / Harris, Jonathan M

    Marine drugs

    2019  Volume 17, Issue 12

    Abstract: Serine proteases play pivotal roles in normal physiology and a spectrum of patho-physiological processes. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the discovery and design of potent serine protease inhibitors for therapeutic applications. This led ... ...

    Abstract Serine proteases play pivotal roles in normal physiology and a spectrum of patho-physiological processes. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the discovery and design of potent serine protease inhibitors for therapeutic applications. This led to concerted efforts to discover versatile and robust molecular scaffolds for inhibitor design. This investigation is a bioprospecting study that aims to isolate and identify protease inhibitors from the cnidarian
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Chymotrypsin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Chymotrypsin/metabolism ; Cnidaria/classification ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Serine Proteases/drug effects ; Serine Proteases/metabolism ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/isolation & purification ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Trypsin/drug effects ; Trypsin/metabolism ; Trypsin Inhibitors/isolation & purification ; Trypsin Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ; Trypsin Inhibitors ; Serine Proteases (EC 3.4.-) ; Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) ; Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175190-0
    ISSN 1660-3397 ; 1660-3397
    ISSN (online) 1660-3397
    ISSN 1660-3397
    DOI 10.3390/md17120701
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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