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  1. Article ; Online: The impact of the consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children.

    Choudhary, Arabinda K

    Pediatric radiology

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 1076–1078

    Abstract: It seems paradoxical that facts, data and science are still considered controversial despite the harrowing death of a multitude of people from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an unparalleled health care crisis of our lifetime. In addition, while ... ...

    Abstract It seems paradoxical that facts, data and science are still considered controversial despite the harrowing death of a multitude of people from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an unparalleled health care crisis of our lifetime. In addition, while scientists are desperately attempting to produce a vaccine for COVID-19, a large segment of the populace still believes in conspiracies related to vaccines. Therefore, it is not surprising that the diagnosis of abusive head trauma (AHT) faces similar challenges - the difference being that AHT challenges are mostly in the realms of law courts rather than actual clinical management of these infants. Against this backdrop, the Child Abuse Imaging Committee of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) collaborated with other leading experts to develop the consensus statement on AHT. This consensus statement has had a significant impact since its publication. It is now endorsed by 17 multinational, multidisciplinary organizations. The consensus statement has helped educate the diverse stakeholders of AHT and has helped further our understanding of AHT and the issues related to it. This could serve as the template for developing future consensus documents.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; Consensus ; Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Pediatrics ; Radiology ; Societies, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-020-04949-x
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  2. Article ; Online: Understanding the importance of spinal injury in abusive head trauma (AHT).

    Choudhary, Arabinda K

    Pediatric radiology

    2020  Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–16

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-019-04539-6
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  3. Article ; Online: Introduction to the child abuse imaging special issue.

    Strouse, Peter J / Choudhary, Arabinda K / Servaes, Sabah

    Pediatric radiology

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 851–852

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Radiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-020-04923-7
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  4. Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence in child abuse imaging.

    Sorensen, James I / Nikam, Rahul M / Choudhary, Arabinda K

    Pediatric radiology

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 1061–1064

    Abstract: There have been rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology in recent years, and the field of diagnostic imaging is no exception. Just as digital technology revolutionized how radiology is practiced, so these new technologies also appear ... ...

    Abstract There have been rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology in recent years, and the field of diagnostic imaging is no exception. Just as digital technology revolutionized how radiology is practiced, so these new technologies also appear poised to bring sweeping change. As AI tools make the transition from the theoretical to the everyday, important decisions need to be made about how they will be applied and what their role will be in the practice of radiology. Pediatric radiology presents distinct challenges and opportunities for the application of these tools, and in this article we discuss some of these, specifically as they relate to the prediction, identification and investigation of child abuse.
    MeSH term(s) Artificial Intelligence ; Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Radiography ; Radiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-021-05073-0
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  5. Article ; Online: Current issues and controversies surrounding spine imaging and the significance of spinal subdural hemorrhage in suspected abusive head trauma.

    Canty, Katherine W / Feldman, Kenneth W / Bartnik-Olson, Brenda / Choudhary, Arabinda K / Shiroishi, Mark S

    Pediatric radiology

    2022  Volume 52, Issue 13, Page(s) 2445–2449

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Child ; Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging ; Hematoma, Subdural/diagnostic imaging ; Hematoma, Subdural/etiology ; Hemorrhage ; Child Abuse/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-022-05534-0
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  6. Article ; Online: Correction to: Controversial aspects of imaging in child abuse: a second roundtable discussion from the ESPR child abuse taskforce.

    Paddock, Michael / Choudhary, Arabinda K / Jeanes, Annmarie / Mankad, Kshitij / Mannes, Inès / Raissaki, Maria / Adamsbaum, Catherine / Argyropoulou, Maria I / van Rijn, Rick R / Offiah, Amaka C

    Pediatric radiology

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 1042

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-023-05646-1
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  7. Article ; Online: Spinal ligamentous injury in abusive head trauma: a pictorial review.

    Haq, Iqbal / Jayappa, Sateesh / Desai, Shivang K / Ramakrishnaiah, Raghu / Choudhary, Arabinda K

    Pediatric radiology

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 971–979

    Abstract: There is growing evidence of spine injury in abusive head trauma (AHT). Historically, spine injury was considered rare in AHT because of a lack of attributable clinical symptoms or signs and a lack of advanced imaging. Increased use of MRI in AHT has ... ...

    Abstract There is growing evidence of spine injury in abusive head trauma (AHT). Historically, spine injury was considered rare in AHT because of a lack of attributable clinical symptoms or signs and a lack of advanced imaging. Increased use of MRI in AHT has been instrumental in helping identify evidence of ligamentous injuries of the spine. These findings can be difficult to identify on autopsy because of the size and location of the ligaments. Because spinal injury in AHT mostly involves ligamentous and soft tissues and only rarely involves bony fractures, more than 90% of the injury findings are missed on CT or radiography of the spine. Investigation of these findings and the injury patterns should lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of spinal injury. In this pictorial review, we describe the various manifestations of spinal ligamentous injury in AHT, as seen on MRI, in children younger than 48 months.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Spine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-020-04922-8
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  8. Article ; Online: Venous injury in pediatric abusive head trauma: a pictorial review.

    Vilanilam, George Koshy / Jayappa, Sateesh / Desai, Shivang / Zuccoli, Giulio / Ramakrishnaiah, Raghu H / Choudhary, Arabinda K

    Pediatric radiology

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 918–926

    Abstract: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of fatal head injuries in children younger than 2 years. An intracranial pathology can exist even in the setting of a normal physical exam. A delay in the diagnosis of AHT can have serious life-threatening ... ...

    Abstract Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of fatal head injuries in children younger than 2 years. An intracranial pathology can exist even in the setting of a normal physical exam. A delay in the diagnosis of AHT can have serious life-threatening consequences for the child and increases the potential the child will be abused again. In this article, we review the traumatic subdural hematoma as well as various morpho-structural patterns of shearing injuries and thrombosis of intracranial bridging veins. This work serves as a summary of patterns of imaging features of intracranial venous injury in AHT, as described in the literature, to facilitate familiarity and early detection of abusive head trauma in the pediatric population. Essentially, in AHT there is a traumatic injury to the bridging vein with either partial or complete tear. This can secondarily result in thrombosis at the terminal end of the bridging vein with blood clots adjacent to the bridging vein.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging ; Hematoma, Subdural/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular System Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-021-05016-9
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  9. Article ; Online: Spinal subdural hemorrhage in abusive head trauma: a pictorial review.

    Garcia-Pires, Flavio / Jayappa, Sateesh / Desai, Shivang / Ramakrishnaiah, Raghu H / Choudhary, Arabinda K

    Pediatric radiology

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 980–990

    Abstract: A growing body of evidence links abusive head trauma (AHT) to patterns of direct and indirect spinal injuries, such as spinal subdural hemorrhage (SDH). Identification of evidence of spinal injury such as spinal SDH plays a crucial role in the diagnosis ... ...

    Abstract A growing body of evidence links abusive head trauma (AHT) to patterns of direct and indirect spinal injuries, such as spinal subdural hemorrhage (SDH). Identification of evidence of spinal injury such as spinal SDH plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and subsequent management of the index child with AHT and his or her siblings. In a value-based practice of medicine, it can be argued that adding spine imaging to identify spinal SDH in the workup of AHT adds value to both the short- and long-term management of the patient. This pictorial review describes the normal appearance of spinal SDH and challenges of identifying spinal SDH, and it explores the mechanism of spinal SDH development in AHT.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Hematoma, Subdural/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-020-04931-7
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  10. Article ; Online: Utility of three-dimensional and reformatted head computed tomography images in the evaluation of pediatric abusive head trauma.

    Purushothaman, Rangarajan / Desai, Shivang / Jayappa, Sateesh / Choudhary, Arabinda K / Ramakrishnaiah, Raghu H

    Pediatric radiology

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 927–938

    Abstract: Skull fractures are common in the pediatric population following head trauma and are estimated to occur post head trauma in 11% of children younger than 2 years. A skull fracture indicates potential underlying intracranial injury and might also help ... ...

    Abstract Skull fractures are common in the pediatric population following head trauma and are estimated to occur post head trauma in 11% of children younger than 2 years. A skull fracture indicates potential underlying intracranial injury and might also help explain the mechanism of injury. Multiple primary and accessory sutures complicate the identification of non-depressed fractures in children younger than 2 years. Detection of linear skull fractures can be difficult on two-dimensional (2-D) CT and can be missed, particularly when the fracture is along the plane of image reconstruction. Knowledge of primary and accessory sutures as well as normal anatomical variants is of paramount importance in identifying pediatric skull fractures with a greater degree of confidence. Acute fractures appear as lucent cortical defects that do not have sclerotic borders, in contrast to sutures, which might demonstrate sclerotic margins. Three-dimensional (3-D) CT has increased sensitivity and specificity for detecting skull fractures and is essential in the evaluation of pediatric head CTs for distinguishing subtle fractures from sutural variants, especially in the setting of trauma. In this review, we present our experience of the use of 3-D reformats in head CT and its implications on the interpretation, especially in the setting of accidental or abusive head trauma.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-021-05025-8
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