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Article ; Online: Measuring statistics-induced entanglement entropy with a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer.

Zhang, Gu / Hong, Changki / Alkalay, Tomer / Umansky, Vladimir / Heiblum, Moty / Gornyi, Igor / Gefen, Yuval

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 3428

Abstract: ... Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer fed by two highly diluted electron beams in an integer quantum Hall ...

Abstract	Despite its ubiquity in quantum computation and quantum information, a universally applicable definition of quantum entanglement remains elusive. The challenge is further accentuated when entanglement is associated with other key themes, e.g., quantum interference and quantum statistics. Here, we introduce two novel motifs that characterize the interplay of entanglement and quantum statistics: an 'entanglement pointer' and a 'statistics-induced entanglement entropy'. The two provide a quantitative description of the statistics-induced entanglement: (i) they are finite only in the presence of quantum entanglement underlined by quantum statistics and (ii) their explicit form depends on the quantum statistics of the particles (e.g., fermions, bosons, and anyons). We have experimentally implemented these ideas by employing an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer fed by two highly diluted electron beams in an integer quantum Hall platform. Performing measurements of auto-correlation and cross-correlation of current fluctuations of the scattered beams (following 'collisions'), we quantify the statistics-induced entanglement by experimentally accessing the entanglement pointer and the statistics-induced entanglement entropy. Our theoretical and experimental approaches pave the way to study entanglement in various correlated platforms, e.g., those involving anyonic Abelian and non-Abelian states.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-47335-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A genome-wide association study of Chinese and English language phenotypes in Hong Kong Chinese children.

Lin, Yu-Ping / Shi, Yujia / Zhang, Ruoyu / Xue, Xiao / Rao, Shitao / Yin, Liangying / Lui, Kelvin Fai Hong / Pan, Dora Jue / Maurer, Urs / Choy, Kwong-Wai / Paracchini, Silvia / McBride, Catherine / So, Hon-Cheong

NPJ science of learning

2024 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 26

Abstract: ... reading/language-related phenotypes in Hong Kong Chinese bilingual children (including both twins and ...

Abstract	Dyslexia and developmental language disorders are important learning difficulties. However, their genetic basis remains poorly understood, and most genetic studies were performed on Europeans. There is a lack of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on literacy phenotypes of Chinese as a native language and English as a second language (ESL) in a Chinese population. In this study, we conducted GWAS on 34 reading/language-related phenotypes in Hong Kong Chinese bilingual children (including both twins and singletons; total N = 1046). We performed association tests at the single-variant, gene, and pathway levels. In addition, we tested genetic overlap of these phenotypes with other neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as cognitive performance (CP) and educational attainment (EA) using polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. Totally 5 independent loci (LD-clumped at r
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2056-7936
ISSN	2056-7936
DOI	10.1038/s41539-024-00229-7
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Article ; Online: Hong Kong UrbanNav

Li-Ta Hsu / Feng Huang / Hoi-Fung Ng / Guohao Zhang / Yihan Zhong / Xiwei Bai / Weisong Wen

Navigation, Vol 70, Iss

An Open-Source Multisensory Dataset for Benchmarking Urban Navigation Algorithms

2023 Volume 4

Abstract: ... a multisensory dataset, UrbanNav, collected in diverse, challenging urban scenarios in Hong Kong. The dataset ...

Abstract	Accurate positioning in urban canyons remains a challenging problem. To facilitate the research and development of reliable and precise positioning methods using multiple sensors in urban canyons, we built a multisensory dataset, UrbanNav, collected in diverse, challenging urban scenarios in Hong Kong. The dataset provides multi-sensor data, including data from multi-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), multiple light detection and ranging (lidar) units, and cameras. Meanwhile, the ground truth of the positioning (with centimeter-level accuracy) is postprocessed by commercial software from NovAtel using an integrated GNSS real-time kinematic and fiber optics gyroscope inertial system. In this paper, the sensor systems, spatial and temporal calibration, data formats, and scenario descriptions are presented in detail. Meanwhile, the benchmark performance of several existing positioning methods is provided as a baseline. Based on the evaluations, we conclude that GNSS can provide satisfactory results in a middle-class urban canyon if an appropriate receiver and algorithms are applied. Both visual and lidar odometry are satisfactory in deep urban canyons, whereas tunnels are still a major challenge. Multisensory integration with the aid of an IMU is a promising solution for achieving seamless positioning in cities. The dataset in its entirety can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/IPNL-POLYU/UrbanNavDataset.
Keywords	Canals and inland navigation. Waterways ; TC601-791 ; Naval Science ; V
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Institute of Navigation
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Accessing the spectrum of a single-photon by the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.

Duan, Lifeng / Xu, Aojie / Wang, Lirong / Zhang, Yun

Optics express

2024 Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 5418–5428

Abstract: ... of a single-photon state. This technique is based on the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between a well-defined ...

Abstract	We present and experimentally demonstrate a method for determining the spectral characterization of a single-photon state. This technique is based on the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between a well-defined weak coherent state and a measured single-photon state. We estimate the spectrum of the single-photon state by fitting the measured interference dip with proposed model and least square method. Our method is particularly useful for characterising spectral property the single-photon state. It opens a way for robust and efficient on-line monitoring the single-photon emitters.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.510983
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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetic study of multicomponent in Hong-Hua-Xiao-Yao tablet.

Li, Xiaofeng / Huang, Leyi / Xiao, Junping / Zhang, Xuemei

Biomedical chromatography : BMC

2024 , Page(s) e5830

Abstract: Hong-Hua-Xiao-Yao tablet (HHXYT) is attracting attention increasingly because of its use ...

Abstract	Hong-Hua-Xiao-Yao tablet (HHXYT) is attracting attention increasingly because of its use in treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) and menopausal syndrome. However, its pharmacokinetics remains unclear. This study developed a sensitive and rapid method for simultaneous determination of 10 compounds of HHXYT in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to compare the pharmacokinetics of these compounds in MGH rats and sham operated rats. The linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and matrix effect were within acceptable ranges. This established method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetics study of 10 compounds in sham operated and MGH rats. According to the results, the bioavailability of glycyrrhetinic acid was highest in MGH rats and sham operated rats. The mean residence times of glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-glucuronide were higher than those of the other compounds while the mean residence time and half-life of liquiritin, isoliquiritin and paeoniflorin were lower. Some pharmacokinetic parameters of ormononetin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, paeoniflorin, protocatechuic acid and senkyunolide I were significantly different between MGH rats and sham operated rats. This study elucidated the dynamic changes of multiple components in rats after oral administration of HHXYT systematically and comprehensively, which provided guidance for clinical application.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632848-9
ISSN	1099-0801 ; 0269-3879
ISSN (online)	1099-0801
ISSN	0269-3879
DOI	10.1002/bmc.5830
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Article ; Online: Mapping of dental graduates' career paths in Hong Kong, Japan and mainland China.

Jiang, Chloe Meng / Nishioka, Takashi / Hong, Guang / Yu, Hao / Zhang, Chang-Yuan / Chu, Chun Hung

Frontiers in oral health

2022 Volume 3, Page(s) 994613

Abstract: ... on the 4th trilateral symposium 2022 organized by The University of Hong Kong, Tohoku University, and Fujian ... Medical University, which offered a lecture to discuss career paths for dental graduates in Hong ... dental students, with practical insight into different career paths in Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region ...

Abstract	Dental graduates have a variety of career-path choices. After graduation, they may join private dental practice, government- or hospital-based dental care services, research groups, academia, business or industry. With globalization and frequent international exchange, dental graduates nowadays can explore careers outside their home country. However, dental education systems and job opportunities vary widely across different regions and countries. Diversity of accreditation in dental education, different licensure requirements, and lack of global competencies in dental care often limit the globalization, operation and survival of dental practice and education worldwide. The requirements for professional education and practice can be quite diverse, and these differences will be barriers to dental graduates seeking career development outside their home home country. Fresh dental graduates have minimal experience in job hunting. More specifically, they are unfamiliar with potential career paths. This paper was based on the 4th trilateral symposium 2022 organized by The University of Hong Kong, Tohoku University, and Fujian Medical University, which offered a lecture to discuss career paths for dental graduates in Hong Kong, Japan, and mainland China. The aim of this paper was to provide dentists, particularly fresh graduated dental students, with practical insight into different career paths in Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China, SAR), Japan and mainland China, and factors that may influence their career options. It assists dental students in exploring possibilities in dentistry and preparing for their career development after graduation from dental school.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2673-4842
ISSN (online)	2673-4842
DOI	10.3389/froh.2022.994613
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Article ; Online: Future trajectory of respiratory infections following the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong.

Cheng, Weibin / Zhou, Hanchu / Ye, Yang / Chen, Yifan / Jing, Fengshi / Cao, Zhidong / Zeng, Daniel Dajun / Zhang, Qingpeng

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 13124

Abstract: The accumulation of susceptible populations for respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) when COVID-19-targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were in place might pose a greater risk of future RID outbreaks. We examined the timing and magnitude of ...

Abstract	The accumulation of susceptible populations for respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) when COVID-19-targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were in place might pose a greater risk of future RID outbreaks. We examined the timing and magnitude of RID resurgence after lifting COVID-19-targeted NPIs and assessed the burdens on the health system. We proposed the Threshold-based Control Method (TCM) to identify data-driven solutions to maintain the resilience of the health system by re-introducing NPIs when the number of severe infections reaches a threshold. There will be outbreaks of all RIDs with staggered peak times after lifting COVID-19-targeted NPIs. Such a large-scale resurgence of RID patients will impose a significant risk of overwhelming the health system. With a strict NPI strategy, a TCM-initiated threshold of 600 severe infections can ensure a sufficient supply of hospital beds for all hospitalized severely infected patients. The proposed TCM identifies effective dynamic NPIs, which facilitate future NPI relaxation policymaking.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Disease Outbreaks
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472677-4
ISSN	1089-7682 ; 1054-1500
ISSN (online)	1089-7682
ISSN	1054-1500
DOI	10.1063/5.0123870
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Article ; Online: Development and application of influenza virus wastewater surveillance in Hong Kong.

Zheng, Xiawan / Zhao, Keyue / Xu, Xiaoqing / Deng, Yu / Leung, Kathy / Wu, Joseph T / Leung, Gabriel M / Peiris, Malik / Poon, Leo L M / Zhang, Tong

Water research

2023 Volume 245, Page(s) 120594

Abstract: ... longitudinal monitoring in Hong Kong. We tested 724 wastewater samples from 24 stationary sites for weekly ...

Abstract	Wastewater surveillance is considered as a powerful tool in providing cost-effective, population-wide and near real-time surveillance results for controlling infectious diseases (i.e., SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus), complementary to clinical surveillance. To facilitate the utility of this emerging tool, we developed two preanalytical protocols (supernatant-based and pellet-based) for influenza A/B virus (IAV/IBV) wastewater surveillance and applied them to the established wastewater surveillance network for large-scale longitudinal monitoring in Hong Kong. We tested 724 wastewater samples from 24 stationary sites for weekly surveillance for 8 months and 458 wastewater samples from 11 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for more frequent (three times per week) city-wide surveillance for 4 months when influenza season commenced. We found the city-wide IAV virus concentration in wastewater were associated with the detection rate and influenza-like illness plus rates (ILI+) of clinical respiratory specimens and increased significantly after the cancelling of mask mandate that was in place for COVID-19. IBV was at low detection rates and low virus concentration levels, consistent with the low detection rates observed by clinical surveillance. In addition, we conducted virus subtype identification in selected wastewater samples, and observed the H1pdm was the major circulation subtype. Moreover, the obtained virus signals were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of PCR products, suggesting the feasibility and applicability of established methods for rapid detection of influenza virus types and subtypes in wastewater surveillance. This study demonstrates the applicability of IAV/IBV wastewater surveillance to current wastewater infrastructures and it could be used as a rapid and cost-effective surveillance strategy to track virus transmission patterns in the community for timely public health actions in the future.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	202613-2
ISSN	1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
ISSN (online)	1879-2448
ISSN	0043-1354
DOI	10.1016/j.watres.2023.120594
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Article ; Online: Effects of operational parameters on bacterial communities in Hong Kong and global wastewater treatment plants.

Zhang, Yulin / Deng, Yu / Wang, Chunxiao / Li, Shuxian / Lau, Frankie T K / Zhou, Jizhong / Zhang, Tong

mSystems

2024 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e0133323

Abstract: ... bacterial community survey of six full-scale WWTPs in Hong Kong with samples of influent, activated sludge ... we compared AS results of six Hong Kong WWTPs with data from 1,186 AS amplicon data in 269 global WWTPs and ... a 9-year metagenomic sequencing survey of a Hong Kong WWTP. Our results showed the compositions ...

Abstract	Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are indispensable biotechnology facilities for modern cities and play an essential role in modern urban infrastructure by employing microorganisms to remove pollutants in wastewater, thus protecting public health and the environment. This study conducted a 13-month bacterial community survey of six full-scale WWTPs in Hong Kong with samples of influent, activated sludge (AS), and effluent to explore their synchronism and asynchronism of bacterial community. Besides, we compared AS results of six Hong Kong WWTPs with data from 1,186 AS amplicon data in 269 global WWTPs and a 9-year metagenomic sequencing survey of a Hong Kong WWTP. Our results showed the compositions of bacterial communities varied and the bacterial community structure of AS had obvious differences across Hong Kong WWTPs. The co-occurrence analysis identified 40 pairs of relationships that existed among Hong Kong WWTPs to show solid associations between two species and stochastic processes took large proportions for the bacterial community assembly of six WWTPs. The abundance and distribution of the functional bacteria in worldwide and Hong Kong WWTPs were examined and compared, and we found that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria had more diversity than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Besides, Hong Kong WWTPs could make great contributions to the genome mining of microbial dark matter in the global "wanted list." Operational parameters had important effects on OTUs' abundance, such as the temperature to the genera of Importance: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an indispensable component of modern cities, as they can remove pollutants in wastewater to prevent anthropogenic activities. Activated sludge (AS) is a fundamental wastewater treatment process and it harbors a highly complex microbial community that forms the main components and contains functional groups. Unveiling "who is there" is a long-term goal of the research on AS microbiology. High-throughput sequencing provides insights into the inventory diversity of microbial communities to an unprecedented level of detail. At present, the analysis of communities in WWTPs usually comes from a specific WWTP and lacks comparisons and verification among different WWTPs. The wide-scale and long-term sampling project and research in this study could help us evaluate the AS community more accurately to find the similarities and different results for different WWTPs in Hong Kong and other regions of the world.
MeSH term(s)	Wastewater ; Sewage/microbiology ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Bacteria/genetics ; Water Purification ; Environmental Pollutants
Chemical Substances	Wastewater ; Sewage ; Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2379-5077
ISSN (online)	2379-5077
DOI	10.1128/msystems.01333-23
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Article ; Online: Influence of secondhand smoke exposure on the retinal vasculature of children in Hong Kong.

Cheung, Carol Y / Zhang, Xiu Juan / Chan, Hei-Nga / Zhang, Yuzhou / Yuen, Vincent L / Hsu, Wynne / Lee, Mong Li / Xu, Dejiang / Wong, Jason / Tang, Fang Yao / Kam, Kai Wai / Young, Alvin / Ng, Mandy P / Ip, Patrick / Chen, Li Jia / Wong, Tien Y / Pang, Chi Pui / Tham, Clement C / Yam, Jason C

Communications medicine

2023 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 155

Abstract: Background: A recent prospective demonstrated that cardiovascular risk factors in early childhood were associated with later cardiovascular events. However, the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) on children is unclear. The aims of this study is to ... ...

Abstract	Background: A recent prospective demonstrated that cardiovascular risk factors in early childhood were associated with later cardiovascular events. However, the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) on children is unclear. The aims of this study is to determine the effects of SHS exposure on the retinal vasculature of children. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study of children aged 6 to 8 years. All participants received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and retinal photography. Data on SHS exposure was derived from a validated questionnaire. A validated deep-learning system was used to automatically estimate retinal arteriolar and venular calibers from retinal photographs. Associations of quantitative retinal vessel caliber values with SHS exposure, number of smokers in the household, and total number of cigarettes smoked were determined by analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) after adjusting for potential confounders. Test of trend was determined by treating categorical risk factors as continuous ordinal variables. Results: Here we show children exposed to SHS have wider retinal arteriolar (CRAE 152.1 µm vs. 151.3 µm, p < 0.001) and venular (CRVE 216.7 µm vs. 215.5 µm, p < 0.001) calibers compared to those in smoke-free homes, after adjustment for different factors. Wider arteriolar and venular calibers are also associated with increasing number of smokers in the family (p trend < 0.001) and more cigarettes smoked among family smokers (p trend<0.001). Conclusions: Exposure to SHS at home is associated with changes in retinal vasculature among children. This reinforces the adverse effect of secondhand smoking around children though further research incorporating comprehensive assessment of potential confounders is necessary.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2730-664X
ISSN (online)	2730-664X
DOI	10.1038/s43856-023-00389-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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