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  1. Article ; Online: Disparities in the Population at Risk of Severe Illness From COVID-19 by Race/Ethnicity and Income.

    Raifman, Matthew A / Raifman, Julia R

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2020  Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 137–139

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; Black People ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/ethnology ; Ethnicity ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Income ; Indians, North American ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology ; Racial Groups ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States ; Young Adult
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2096: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Disparities in Activity and Traffic Fatalities by Race/Ethnicity.

    Raifman, Matthew A / Choma, Ernani F

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2022  Volume 63, Issue 2, Page(s) 160–167

    Abstract: Introduction: Traffic fatalities remain a major public health challenge despite progress made during recent decades. This study develops exposure-based estimates of fatalities per mile traveled for pedestrians, cyclists, and light-duty vehicle occupants ...

    Abstract Introduction: Traffic fatalities remain a major public health challenge despite progress made during recent decades. This study develops exposure-based estimates of fatalities per mile traveled for pedestrians, cyclists, and light-duty vehicle occupants and describes disparities by race/ethnicity, including a subanalysis of fatality rates during darkness and in urban areas.
    Methods: Estimates of person-miles traveled by mode and race/ethnicity group were derived from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey using replicate weights. Three-year average (2016‒2018) traffic fatalities were measured by mode and race/ethnicity group with the U.S. Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Fatality rates per mile traveled and CIs were calculated for each subgroup as well as separately for trips occurring during darkness and in urban areas. Analysis was conducted in 2021‒2022.
    Results: Exposure to traffic fatality differs by race/ethnicity group and by mode, indicating that adjustment for differential exposure is needed when estimating disparities. The authors find that fatality rates per 100 million miles traveled are systematically higher for Black and Hispanic Americans for all modes and notably higher for vulnerable modes (e.g., Black Americans died at more than 4 times the rate for White Americans while cycling, 33.71 [95% CI: 21.84, 73.83] compared with 7.53 [95% CI: 6.64, 8.69], and more than 2 times the rate while walking, 40.92 [95% CI: 36.58, 46.44] compared with 18.77 [95% CI: 17.30, 20.51]). Previous estimates that do not adjust for differential exposure may underestimate disparities by race/ethnicity. Observed disparities remained when considering only urban areas and appear to be exacerbated during darkness.
    Conclusions: Traffic fatalities are a substantial and preventable public health challenge in America. Black and Hispanic Americans have higher traffic fatality rates per mile traveled than White Americans across the transportation system, requiring urgent attention.
    MeSH term(s) Accidents, Traffic ; Bicycling ; Ethnicity ; Humans ; Pedestrians ; Transportation ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Disparities in the Population at Risk of Severe Illness From COVID-19 by Race/Ethnicity and Income

    Raifman, Matthew A. / Raifman, Julia R.

    American Journal of Preventive Medicine

    2020  Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 137–139

    Keywords Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ; Epidemiology ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.003
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Same-Sex Marriage Laws, Provider-Patient Communication, and PrEP Awareness and Use Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who have Sex with Men in the United States.

    Skinner, Alexandra / Stein, Michael D / Dean, Lorraine T / Oldenburg, Catherine E / Mimiaga, Matthew J / Chan, Philip A / Mayer, Kenneth H / Raifman, Julia

    AIDS and behavior

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 1897–1905

    Abstract: State-level structural stigma and its consequences in healthcare settings shape access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Our objective was to assess the relationships ... ...

    Abstract State-level structural stigma and its consequences in healthcare settings shape access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Our objective was to assess the relationships between same-sex marriage laws, a measure of structural stigma at the state level, provider-patient communication about sex, and GBMSM awareness and use of PrEP. Using data from the Fenway Institute's MSM Internet Survey collected in 2013 (N = 3296), we conducted modified Poisson regression analyses to evaluate associations between same-sex marriage legality, measures of provider-patient communication, and PrEP awareness and use. Living in a state where same-sex marriage was legal was associated with PrEP awareness (aPR 1.27; 95% CI 1.14, 1.41), as were feeling comfortable discussing with primary care providers that they have had sex with a man (aPR 1.63; 95% CI 1.46, 1.82), discussing with their primary care provider having had condomless sex with a man (aPR 1.65; 95% CI 1.49, 1.82), and discussing with their primary care provider ways to prevent sexual transmission of HIV (aPR 1.39; 95% CI 1.26, 1.54). Each of these three measures of provider-patient communication were additionally associated with PrEP awareness and use. In sum, structural stigma was associated with reduced PrEP awareness and use. Policies that reduce stigma against GBMSM may help to promote PrEP and prevent HIV transmission.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Homosexuality, Male ; Marriage ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Seropositivity ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Communication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1339885-4
    ISSN 1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
    ISSN (online) 1573-3254
    ISSN 1090-7165
    DOI 10.1007/s10461-022-03923-y
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  6. Article ; Online: Structural Racism and COVID-19 in the USA: a County-Level Empirical Analysis.

    Tan, Shin Bin / deSouza, Priyanka / Raifman, Matthew

    Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 236–246

    Abstract: Substantial health disparities exist across race/ethnicity in the USA, with Black Americans often most affected. The current COVID-19 pandemic is no different. While there have been ample studies describing racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, ... ...

    Abstract Substantial health disparities exist across race/ethnicity in the USA, with Black Americans often most affected. The current COVID-19 pandemic is no different. While there have been ample studies describing racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, relatively few have established an empirical link between these disparities and structural racism. Such empirical analyses are critically important to help defuse "victim-blaming" narratives about why minority communities have been badly hit by COVID-19. In this paper, we explore the empirical link between structural racism and disparities in county-level COVID-19 outcomes by county racial composition. Using negative binomial regression models, we examine how five measures of county-level residential segregation and racial disparities in socioeconomic outcomes as well as incarceration rates are associated with county-level COVID-19 outcomes. We find significant associations between higher levels of measured structural racism and higher rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths, even after adjusting for county-level population sociodemographic characteristics, measures of population health, access to healthcare, population density, and duration of the COVID-19 outbreak. One percentage point more Black residents predicted a 1.1% increase in county case rate. This association decreased to 0.4% when structural racism indicators were included in our model. Similarly, one percentage point more Black residents predicted a 1.8% increase in county death rates, which became non-significant after adjustment for structural racism. Our findings lend empirical support to the hypothesis that structural racism is an important driver of racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, and reinforce existing calls for action to address structural racism as a fundamental cause of health disparities.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Racism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Racism ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2760524-3
    ISSN 2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
    ISSN (online) 2196-8837
    ISSN 2197-3792
    DOI 10.1007/s40615-020-00948-8
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  7. Article ; Online: Mortality Implications of Increased Active Mobility for a Proposed Regional Transportation Emission Cap-and-Invest Program.

    Raifman, Matthew / Lambert, Kathy Fallon / Levy, Jonathan I / Kinney, Patrick L

    Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

    2021  Volume 98, Issue 3, Page(s) 315–327

    Abstract: The transportation sector is now the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the USA. The Transportation Climate Initiative (TCI), a partnership of 12 states and the District of Columbia currently under development, would implement a cap-and- ... ...

    Abstract The transportation sector is now the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the USA. The Transportation Climate Initiative (TCI), a partnership of 12 states and the District of Columbia currently under development, would implement a cap-and-invest program to reduce transportation sector emissions across the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region, including substantial investment in cycling and pedestrian infrastructure. Using outputs from an investment scenario model and the World Health Organization Health Economic Assessment Tool methodology, we estimate the mortality implications of increased active mobility and their monetized value for three different investment allocation scenarios considered by TCI policymakers. We conduct these analyses for all 378 counties in the TCI region. We find that even for the scenario with the smallest investment in active mobility, when it is fully implemented, TCI would result in hundreds of fewer deaths per year across the region, with monetized benefits in the billions of dollars annually. Under all scenarios considered, the monetized benefits from deaths avoided substantially exceed the direct infrastructure costs of investment. We conclude that investing proceeds in active mobility infrastructure is a cost-effective way of reducing mortality, especially in urban areas, providing a strong motivation for investment in modernization of the transportation system and further evidence of the health co-benefits of climate action.
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollution ; Bicycling ; District of Columbia ; Humans ; Transportation ; Vehicle Emissions
    Chemical Substances Vehicle Emissions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1435288-6
    ISSN 1468-2869 ; 1099-3460
    ISSN (online) 1468-2869
    ISSN 1099-3460
    DOI 10.1007/s11524-020-00510-1
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  8. Article ; Online: Awareness and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among people who engage in sex work presenting to a sexually transmitted infection clinic.

    Sosnowy, Collette / Tao, Jun / Nunez, Hector / Montgomery, Madeline C / Ndoye, Colleen D / Biello, Katie / Mimiaga, Matthew J / Raifman, Julia / Murphy, Matthew / Nunn, Amy / Maynard, Michaela / Chan, Philip A

    International journal of STD & AIDS

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 11, Page(s) 1055–1062

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Rhode Island/epidemiology ; Sex Work ; Sex Workers/psychology ; Sexual Behavior
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1018089-8
    ISSN 1758-1052 ; 0956-4624
    ISSN (online) 1758-1052
    ISSN 0956-4624
    DOI 10.1177/0956462420943702
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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