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Article ; Online: Prediction of individual, community and societal resilience in the Czech Republic compared to Slovakia during the war in Ukraine.

Koubová, Alice / Kimhi, Shaul

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 583

Abstract: The present study examines, as research questions, which and to what extent psychological and demographic variables significantly predict individual, community, and societal resilience among a sample of Czech Republic adults (N = 1,100) six months after ... ...

Abstract	The present study examines, as research questions, which and to what extent psychological and demographic variables significantly predict individual, community, and societal resilience among a sample of Czech Republic adults (N = 1,100) six months after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The research tools included the following scales: Societal, community, and individual resilience; hope, well-being; morale; distress symptoms; a sense of danger; and perceived threats. The results indicated the following: (a) Correlation analysis shows that resilience is significantly and positively correlated with supporting coping factors and significantly and negatively correlated with suppressing coping factors. (b) A comparison of supporting coping indicators (hope, well-being, and morale) and suppressing coping indicators (distress symptoms, sense of danger, and perceived threats) in the Czech Republic with those variables in Slovakia and Israel indicated that Israel reported higher resilience, higher supporting coping indicators, and lower suppressing coping factors. Three-path analysis among the Czech sample indicated that the best predictor of SR was the level of hope, the best predictor of CR was morale, and the best predictor of IR was the sense of danger. In an attempt to explain these findings in the discussion section, we refer to the background of Czech society and a possible connection to the findings.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Resilience, Psychological ; Czech Republic ; Slovakia/epidemiology ; Ukraine ; Coping Skills
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-024-18075-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Perspective: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic concerning the resilience of the population.

Adini, Bruria / Kimhi, Shaul

Israel journal of health policy research

2023 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 19

Abstract: Background: A vital stakeholder in the successful management of the COVID-19 pandemic is the public. The degree of involvement of the population in managing the pandemic, and the leadership perception of the public, had a direct impact on the resilience ...

Abstract	Background: A vital stakeholder in the successful management of the COVID-19 pandemic is the public. The degree of involvement of the population in managing the pandemic, and the leadership perception of the public, had a direct impact on the resilience of the population and level of adherence to the issued protective measures. Main body: Resilience refers to the ability to 'bounce back' or 'bounce forward' following adversity. Resilience facilitates community engagement which is a crucial component of combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The article highlights six insights recognized in studies conducted in Israel during and following the pandemic concerning the resilience of the country's population. (1) Contrary to varied adversities in which the community serves as an important support system to the individuals, this type of support was substantially impaired during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the need to maintain isolation, social distancing, and lockdowns. (2) Policy-making during the pandemic should be based on evidence-based data, rather than on assumptions made by decision-makers. This gap led the authorities during the pandemic to adopt measures that were ineffective, such as risk communication based on 'scare tactics' concerning the virus, when the highest risk perceived by the public was political instability. (3) Societal resilience is associated with the public's behavior, such as with vaccine hesitancy and uptake. (4) Factors that affect the levels of resilience include, among others, self-efficacy (impacts individual resilience); social, institutional, and economic aspects as well as well-being (impact community resilience); and hope and trust in the leadership (impact societal resilience). (5) The public should be perceived as an asset in managing the pandemic, thus becoming a vital part of the 'solution'. This will lead to a better understanding of the needs and expectations of the population and an applicable 'tailoring' of the messages that address the public. (6) The gap between science and policymaking must be bridged, to achieve optimal management of the pandemic. Conclusions: Improving preparedness for future pandemics should be based on a holistic view of all stakeholders, including the public as a valued partner, connectivity between policymakers and scientists, and strengthening the public's resilience, by enhancing trust in authorities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Israel/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Fear
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2657655-7
ISSN	2045-4015 ; 2045-4015
ISSN (online)	2045-4015
ISSN	2045-4015
DOI	10.1186/s13584-023-00557-w
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Article ; Online: Impact of the war in Ukraine on resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors.

Kimhi, Shaul / Eshel, Yohanan / Marciano, Hadas / Adini, Bruria

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1053940

Abstract: War or armed conflict is one of the most severe human-made adversities. The current study examines the resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors of a sample of Ukrainian civilians, during the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The level of resilience ...

Abstract	War or armed conflict is one of the most severe human-made adversities. The current study examines the resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors of a sample of Ukrainian civilians, during the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The level of resilience and coping indicators were compared with the responses of an Israeli sample following an armed conflict in May 2021. The data were collected by an internet panel company. A representative sample of Ukrainian residents (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Resilience, Psychological ; Ukraine ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ethnicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1053940
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Article: Demographic factors, partial social belonging and psychological resources associated with coping.

Eshel, Yohanan / Kimhi, Shaul / Marciano, Hadas / Adini, Bruria

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1154659

Abstract: Introduction: The present study investigates the role of perceived partial social belonging (PPSB) in determining societal and individual resilience and positive and negative coping indicators. It is assumed that most people aspire to belong and be ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The present study investigates the role of perceived partial social belonging (PPSB) in determining societal and individual resilience and positive and negative coping indicators. It is assumed that most people aspire to belong and be integrated into their society. A sense of only partial belonging is therefore distressing for them. Methods: Two hypotheses are examined in the current study: (a) A higher level of PPSB will predict a lower level of resilience and a higher level of psychological symptoms. (b) PPSB will mediate the associations between three stress-evoking demographic characteristics (younger age, low income, and gender) and the lower psychological resilience and higher distress associated with these demographic characteristics. These hypotheses were examined using a sample of the Israeli Jewish public ( Results: The findings supported our hypotheses: (a) PPSB negatively predicted societal and individual resilience and hope and positively predicted distress symptoms and sense of danger. (b) PPSB mediated the effects of the investigated demographic variables on these psychological variables. Conclusion: These results are discussed in association with the concept of belonging competencies. Our findings display that being unsure about one's belonging to a desired social group, has a major role in increasing psychological distress and sense of danger and in reducing hope and both individual and societal resilience.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1154659
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Article ; Online: Predictors of PTSD and Psychological Distress Symptoms of Ukraine Civilians During war.

Eshel, Yohanan / Kimhi, Shaul / Marciano, Hadas / Adini, Bruria

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) e429

Abstract: Objective: War may raise the level of distress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study explores the extent to which 4 factors determine levels of PTSD and distress symptoms of Ukraine civilians (without developing PTSD) during the current ... ...

Abstract	Objective: War may raise the level of distress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study explores the extent to which 4 factors determine levels of PTSD and distress symptoms of Ukraine civilians (without developing PTSD) during the current war. Method: The data were collected via a Ukrainian internet panel company. 1001 participants responded to a structured online questionnaire. Path analysis was conducted to identify predictive indicators of PTSD scores. Results: PTSD symptoms positively correlated with respondents' level of exposure to the war and their sense of danger, and negatively correlated with well-being, family income, and age. Females scored higher on PTSD symptoms. Path analysis showed that higher exposure to war and higher sense of danger increase PTSD and distress symptoms, whereas higher well-being, higher individual resilience, and being a man, as well as older age decrease their level. Despite the strong effects of the coping suppressing factors, most respondents did not reach the critical level of PTSD or distress symptoms. Conclusion: At least 4 positive and negative factors account for people's coping with stressful experiences: previous traumatic experiences, individual level of pathology, personality attributes, and socio-demographic characteristics. The balance of these factors protects most people from PTSD symptoms despite their being affected by war traumas.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Male ; Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Ethnicity ; Psychological Distress
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375268-3
ISSN	1938-744X ; 1935-7893
ISSN (online)	1938-744X
ISSN	1935-7893
DOI	10.1017/dmp.2023.69
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Article ; Online: Impact of the war in Ukraine on resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors

Shaul Kimhi / Yohanan Eshel / Hadas Marciano / Bruria Adini

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract	War or armed conflict is one of the most severe human-made adversities. The current study examines the resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors of a sample of Ukrainian civilians, during the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The level of resilience and coping indicators were compared with the responses of an Israeli sample following an armed conflict in May 2021. The data were collected by an internet panel company. A representative sample of Ukrainian residents (N = 1,001) responded to an online questionnaire. A stratified sampling method was employed regarding geographic distribution, gender, and age. The data concerning the Israeli population (N = 647) were also collected by an internet panel company during a recent armed conflict with Gaza (May 2021). Three notable results emerged in this study: (a) The Ukrainian sample reported significantly higher levels of the following: Distress symptoms, sense of danger, and perceived threats, compared with the Israeli sample. However, despite these harsh feelings, the Ukrainian respondents reported substantially higher levels of hope and societal resilience compared, to their Israeli counterparts, and somewhat higher individual and community resilience. (b) The protective factors of the respondents in Ukraine (level of hope, wellbeing, and morale), predicted the three types of resilience (individual, community, and social) better than the vulnerability factors (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and level of threats). (c) The best predictors of the three types of resilience were hope and wellbeing. (d) The demographic characteristics of the Ukrainian respondents hardly added to the prediction of the three types of resilience. It appears that a war that threatens the independence and sovereignty of a country may, under certain conditions, enhance the societal resilience and hope of the population under risk, despite a lower sense of wellbeing and higher levels of distress, sense of danger, and perceived threats.
Keywords	war in Ukraine ; resilience ; hope ; morale ; wellbeing ; distress symptoms ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: A longitudinal study of societal resilience and its predictors during the Israel-Gaza war.

Kaim, Arielle / Tov, Maya Siman / Kimhi, Shaul / Marciano, Hadas / Eshel, Yohanan / Adini, Bruria

Applied psychology. Health and well-being

2024

Abstract: This study assesses the resilience of Israeli society during the ongoing Israel-Gaza conflict and pinpoints factors that influence this resilience in prolonged national crises. A longitudinal study was carried out with two surveys, both using the same ... ...

Abstract	This study assesses the resilience of Israeli society during the ongoing Israel-Gaza conflict and pinpoints factors that influence this resilience in prolonged national crises. A longitudinal study was carried out with two surveys, both using the same questionnaire to gage societal, community, and individual resilience levels, along with hope, morale, distress, perceived threats, and government support. The initial survey was administered 5 days after the war escalated and the second 1 month later. The study's results reveal a decline in societal resilience over time. The regression analysis identified four major associations at both resilience measurement points. The key variables are community resilience and hope, both contributing positively. Attitudes towards government support (specifically being a government supporter vs. an opponent) also played a role. Additionally, there was a negative association with levels of religiosity, particularly distinguishing between ultra-orthodox and secular individuals. In the temporal analysis predicting future resilience (from data at the first time point to predict resilience at the second time point), societal resilience at the first measurement was the strongest forecaster of its resilience at the second measurement. Additionally, the main continuous variable from the previous analysis, community resilience, continued to be an influential and positive forecaster in the time-based analysis. The research suggests that the initial unifying effect of the conflict, similar to a "Rally around the flag" phenomenon, may be short-lived. The study underlines the importance of community strength, hope, government support, and religious considerations in shaping societal resilience in the face of conflict.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2483053-7
ISSN	1758-0854 ; 1758-0846
ISSN (online)	1758-0854
ISSN	1758-0846
DOI	10.1111/aphw.12539
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Article ; Online: Levels of resilience: Associations among individual, community, and national resilience.

Kimhi, Shaul

Journal of health psychology

2016 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 164–170

Abstract: This article focuses on limited knowledge regarding the associations among three levels of resilience and the importance of these associations: individual, community, and national. The few studies that have examined these associations indicated the ... ...

Abstract	This article focuses on limited knowledge regarding the associations among three levels of resilience and the importance of these associations: individual, community, and national. The few studies that have examined these associations indicated the following: (a) There are significant positive low correlations among individual, community, and national resilience. (b) Some demographic variables significantly predict all three of them. (c) There is limited knowledge whether and to what degree there are mutual influences among these levels of resilience. (d) All three levels of resilience predict individual well-being and successful coping with potential traumatic events.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Resilience, Psychological ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2021897-7
ISSN	1461-7277 ; 1359-1053
ISSN (online)	1461-7277
ISSN	1359-1053
DOI	10.1177/1359105314524009
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Article ; Online: Hope and Fear of Threats as Predictors of Coping with Two Major Adversities, the COVID-19 Pandemic and an Armed Conflict.

Marciano, Hadas / Eshel, Yohanan / Kimhi, Shaul / Adini, Bruria

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 3

Abstract: Coping with adversities has been explained by two major theories: the fear appeal theory and the hope theory. The predictability of hope with that of fear of threats as variables explaining coping with two major adversities, the COVID-19 pandemic and an ... ...

Abstract	Coping with adversities has been explained by two major theories: the fear appeal theory and the hope theory. The predictability of hope with that of fear of threats as variables explaining coping with two major adversities, the COVID-19 pandemic and an armed conflict, was compared. Participants were approached via an internet panel company in two different times: (1) January 2021 (
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Armed Conflicts ; COVID-19 ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19031123
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Article ; Online: Belonging to Socially Excluded Groups as a Predictor of Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection.

Eshel, Yohanan / Kimhi, Shaul / Marciano, Hadas / Adini, Bruria

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 823795

Abstract: The scientific call for vaccination against the COVID-19 pandemic has met hesitancy, postponement, and direct opposition of parts of the public in several countries. Mistrusting the COVID-19 vaccine, distrusting the authorities, and unrealistic optimism, ...

Abstract	The scientific call for vaccination against the COVID-19 pandemic has met hesitancy, postponement, and direct opposition of parts of the public in several countries. Mistrusting the COVID-19 vaccine, distrusting the authorities, and unrealistic optimism, are three major reasons employed in justifying vaccine hesitancy. The present study examines two major issues. First, it strives to identify individuals that are unwilling to adhere to the vaccination process, more strongly question the effectiveness and necessity of the COVID-19 vaccine, and wonder about potential covert reasons for its administration. Second, it investigates associations between such "conspiracy" claims and the actual rejection of the vaccine. We assume that individuals belonging to social groups which are partly excluded by the general society will be less willing to fulfill the demands of this society, more inclined to reject the vaccine and associate it with some hidden conspiracy. A relatively large sample of the Israeli public (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2021.823795
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