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Article ; Online: Conflicted Religionists

Sean Bock

Socius, Vol

Measuring Political Backlash on Salient Issues

2021 Volume 7

Abstract: Scholars have pointed to “political backlash” as a key reason for why people leave religion in the United States. This study adds to the growing body of work that emphasizes backlash to localized conditions, rather than national-level phenomena, by ... ...

Abstract	Scholars have pointed to “political backlash” as a key reason for why people leave religion in the United States. This study adds to the growing body of work that emphasizes backlash to localized conditions, rather than national-level phenomena, by demonstrating the importance of conflict on salient issues within churches. Using data from the Baylor Religion Survey, the author exploits a unique set of items to analyze what he calls “conflicted religionists”—those who experience attitudinal conflict with their churches—and measures conflict on two salient issues: same-sex marriage and abortion. The author finds that there is a considerable proportion of conflicted religionists and that the probability of experiencing conflict varies drastically across different groups in the sample. In line with past work, he demonstrates that experiencing conflict is significantly associated with lower church attendance. He concludes with a discussion of the possible pathways available to conflicted religionists.
Keywords	Social Sciences ; H ; Sociology (General) ; HM401-1281
Subject code	200
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Distressed Democrats and relaxed Republicans? Partisanship and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bock, Sean / Schnabel, Landon

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0266562

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was a potent stressor, yielding unprecedented levels of mental distress. However, public health responses and personal reactions to the pandemic were politically polarized, with Democrats highlighting and Republicans downplaying its ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic was a potent stressor, yielding unprecedented levels of mental distress. However, public health responses and personal reactions to the pandemic were politically polarized, with Democrats highlighting and Republicans downplaying its severity. Did Republicans subsequently experience as much mental distress as Democrats during the COVID-19 pandemic? This study examines partisan patterns in mental health outcomes at three time points throughout the pandemic. Results demonstrate a clear partisan distress gap, with Democrats consistently reporting worse mental health than Republicans. Trend data suggest that the 2020 pandemic patterns are a continuation and exacerbation of an existing partisan distress gap. Consideration of race, however, demonstrates a widening partisan distress gap, specific to white Americans. Among white Americans, therefore, Democrats experienced a substantially greater increase in distress in response to the pandemic than Republicans.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Politics ; Public Health ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0266562
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Distressed Democrats and relaxed Republicans? Partisanship and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sean Bock / Landon Schnabel

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

2022 Volume 4

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic was a potent stressor, yielding unprecedented levels of mental distress. However, public health responses and personal reactions to the pandemic were politically polarized, with Democrats highlighting and Republicans downplaying its severity. Did Republicans subsequently experience as much mental distress as Democrats during the COVID-19 pandemic? This study examines partisan patterns in mental health outcomes at three time points throughout the pandemic. Results demonstrate a clear partisan distress gap, with Democrats consistently reporting worse mental health than Republicans. Trend data suggest that the 2020 pandemic patterns are a continuation and exacerbation of an existing partisan distress gap. Consideration of race, however, demonstrates a widening partisan distress gap, specific to white Americans. Among white Americans, therefore, Democrats experienced a substantially greater increase in distress in response to the pandemic than Republicans.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Distressed Democrats and relaxed Republicans? Partisanship and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sean Bock / Landon Schnabel

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 4, p e

2022 Volume 0266562

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic was a potent stressor, yielding unprecedented levels of mental distress. However, public health responses and personal reactions to the pandemic were politically polarized, with Democrats highlighting and Republicans downplaying its severity. Did Republicans subsequently experience as much mental distress as Democrats during the COVID-19 pandemic? This study examines partisan patterns in mental health outcomes at three time points throughout the pandemic. Results demonstrate a clear partisan distress gap, with Democrats consistently reporting worse mental health than Republicans. Trend data suggest that the 2020 pandemic patterns are a continuation and exacerbation of an existing partisan distress gap. Consideration of race, however, demonstrates a widening partisan distress gap, specific to white Americans. Among white Americans, therefore, Democrats experienced a substantially greater increase in distress in response to the pandemic than Republicans.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Visualizing Partisan Identification Switching in the General Social Survey Panel, 2016–2020

Sean Bock / Landon Schnabel

Socius, Vol

2021 Volume 7

Abstract: This visualization captures shifts in partisan identification in the 2016–2020 General Social Survey Panel. Although most partisans remained stable in their identifications, a significant proportion of respondents either shifted to the opposing party or ... ...

Abstract	This visualization captures shifts in partisan identification in the 2016–2020 General Social Survey Panel. Although most partisans remained stable in their identifications, a significant proportion of respondents either shifted to the opposing party or became independents. These patterns have important implications for our understanding of recent party realignment, trends in partisanship, and the care needed when using party identification as an independent variable.
Keywords	Social Sciences ; H ; Sociology (General) ; HM401-1281
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Interrogating 1000 insect genomes for NUMTs: A risk assessment for estimates of species richness.

Hebert, Paul D N / Bock, Dan G / Prosser, Sean W J

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e0286620

Abstract: The nuclear genomes of most animal species include NUMTs, segments of the mitogenome incorporated into their chromosomes. Although NUMT counts are known to vary greatly among species, there has been no comprehensive study of their frequency/attributes in ...

Abstract	The nuclear genomes of most animal species include NUMTs, segments of the mitogenome incorporated into their chromosomes. Although NUMT counts are known to vary greatly among species, there has been no comprehensive study of their frequency/attributes in the most diverse group of terrestrial organisms, insects. This study examines NUMTs derived from a 658 bp 5' segment of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, the barcode region for the animal kingdom. This assessment is important because unrecognized NUMTs can elevate estimates of species richness obtained through DNA barcoding and derived approaches (eDNA, metabarcoding). This investigation detected nearly 10,000 COI NUMTs ≥ 100 bp in the genomes of 1,002 insect species (range = 0-443). Variation in nuclear genome size explained 56% of the mitogenome-wide variation in NUMT counts. Although insect orders with the largest genome sizes possessed the highest NUMT counts, there was considerable variation among their component lineages. Two thirds of COI NUMTs possessed an IPSC (indel and/or premature stop codon) allowing their recognition and exclusion from downstream analyses. The remainder can elevate species richness as they showed 10.1% mean divergence from their mitochondrial homologue. The extent of exposure to "ghost species" is strongly impacted by the target amplicon's length. NUMTs can raise apparent species richness by up to 22% when a 658 bp COI amplicon is examined versus a doubling of apparent richness when 150 bp amplicons are targeted. Given these impacts, metabarcoding and eDNA studies should target the longest possible amplicons while also avoiding use of 12S/16S rDNA as they triple NUMT exposure because IPSC screens cannot be employed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genome, Insect ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Insecta/genetics ; Risk Assessment ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0286620
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Interrogating 1000 insect genomes for NUMTs

Paul D. N. Hebert / Dan G. Bock / Sean W. J. Prosser

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

A risk assessment for estimates of species richness

2023 Volume 6

Abstract	The nuclear genomes of most animal species include NUMTs, segments of the mitogenome incorporated into their chromosomes. Although NUMT counts are known to vary greatly among species, there has been no comprehensive study of their frequency/attributes in the most diverse group of terrestrial organisms, insects. This study examines NUMTs derived from a 658 bp 5’ segment of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, the barcode region for the animal kingdom. This assessment is important because unrecognized NUMTs can elevate estimates of species richness obtained through DNA barcoding and derived approaches (eDNA, metabarcoding). This investigation detected nearly 10,000 COI NUMTs ≥ 100 bp in the genomes of 1,002 insect species (range = 0–443). Variation in nuclear genome size explained 56% of the mitogenome-wide variation in NUMT counts. Although insect orders with the largest genome sizes possessed the highest NUMT counts, there was considerable variation among their component lineages. Two thirds of COI NUMTs possessed an IPSC (indel and/or premature stop codon) allowing their recognition and exclusion from downstream analyses. The remainder can elevate species richness as they showed 10.1% mean divergence from their mitochondrial homologue. The extent of exposure to “ghost species” is strongly impacted by the target amplicon’s length. NUMTs can raise apparent species richness by up to 22% when a 658 bp COI amplicon is examined versus a doubling of apparent richness when 150 bp amplicons are targeted. Given these impacts, metabarcoding and eDNA studies should target the longest possible amplicons while also avoiding use of 12S/16S rDNA as they triple NUMT exposure because IPSC screens cannot be employed.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Interrogating 1000 insect genomes for NUMTs

Paul D N Hebert / Dan G Bock / Sean W J Prosser

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e

A risk assessment for estimates of species richness.

2023 Volume 0286620

Abstract	The nuclear genomes of most animal species include NUMTs, segments of the mitogenome incorporated into their chromosomes. Although NUMT counts are known to vary greatly among species, there has been no comprehensive study of their frequency/attributes in the most diverse group of terrestrial organisms, insects. This study examines NUMTs derived from a 658 bp 5' segment of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, the barcode region for the animal kingdom. This assessment is important because unrecognized NUMTs can elevate estimates of species richness obtained through DNA barcoding and derived approaches (eDNA, metabarcoding). This investigation detected nearly 10,000 COI NUMTs ≥ 100 bp in the genomes of 1,002 insect species (range = 0-443). Variation in nuclear genome size explained 56% of the mitogenome-wide variation in NUMT counts. Although insect orders with the largest genome sizes possessed the highest NUMT counts, there was considerable variation among their component lineages. Two thirds of COI NUMTs possessed an IPSC (indel and/or premature stop codon) allowing their recognition and exclusion from downstream analyses. The remainder can elevate species richness as they showed 10.1% mean divergence from their mitochondrial homologue. The extent of exposure to "ghost species" is strongly impacted by the target amplicon's length. NUMTs can raise apparent species richness by up to 22% when a 658 bp COI amplicon is examined versus a doubling of apparent richness when 150 bp amplicons are targeted. Given these impacts, metabarcoding and eDNA studies should target the longest possible amplicons while also avoiding use of 12S/16S rDNA as they triple NUMT exposure because IPSC screens cannot be employed.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Widespread alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling underlie high temperature reproductive inhibition in the eurythermal sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus).

Bock, Samantha L / Chow, Michelle I / Forsgren, Kristy L / Lema, Sean C

Molecular and cellular endocrinology

2021 Volume 537, Page(s) 111447

Abstract: Fish experiencing abnormally high or prolonged elevations in temperature can exhibit impaired reproduction, even for species adapted to warm water environments. Such high temperature inhibition of reproduction has been linked to diminished gonadal ... ...

Abstract	Fish experiencing abnormally high or prolonged elevations in temperature can exhibit impaired reproduction, even for species adapted to warm water environments. Such high temperature inhibition of reproduction has been linked to diminished gonadal steroidogenesis, but the mechanisms whereby hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling is impacted by high temperature are not fully understood. Here, we characterized differences in HPG status in adult sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), a eurythermal salt marsh and estuarine species of eastern North America, exposed for 14 d to temperatures of 27 °C or 37 °C. Males and females at 37 °C had lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) values compared to fish at 27 °C, and females at 37 °C had fewer spawning capable eggs and lower circulating 17β-estradiol (E
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Estradiol/blood ; Female ; Fish Proteins/genetics ; Fish Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gonads/metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism ; Killifishes/blood ; Killifishes/physiology ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Oogenesis ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Principal Component Analysis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Reproduction/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Testosterone/blood ; Vitellogenins/genetics ; Vitellogenins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fish Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Vitellogenins ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	187438-x
ISSN	1872-8057 ; 0303-7207
ISSN (online)	1872-8057
ISSN	0303-7207
DOI	10.1016/j.mce.2021.111447
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Article ; Online: 3D-Printed PEEK/Silicon Nitride Scaffolds with a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Spinal Fusion Implants.

Du, Xiaoyu / Ronayne, Sean / Lee, Seunghun S / Hendry, Jackson / Hoxworth, Douglas / Bock, Ryan / Ferguson, Stephen J

ACS applied bio materials

2023 Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) 3319–3329

Abstract: The issue of spine-related disorders is a global healthcare concern that requires effective solutions to restore normal spine functioning. Spinal fusion implants have become a standard approach for this purpose, making it crucial to develop biomaterials ... ...

Abstract	The issue of spine-related disorders is a global healthcare concern that requires effective solutions to restore normal spine functioning. Spinal fusion implants have become a standard approach for this purpose, making it crucial to develop biomaterials and structures that possess high osteogenic capacities and exhibit mechanical properties and dynamic responses similar to those of the host bone. This study focused on the fabrication of 3D-printed polyether ether ketone/silicon nitride (PEEK/SiN) scaffolds with a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure, which offers several advantages, such as a large surface area and uniform stress distribution under load. The mechanical properties and dynamic response of PEEK/SiN scaffolds with varying porosities were evaluated through mechanical testing and finite element analysis. The scaffold with 30% porosity exhibited a compressive strength (34.56 ± 1.91 MPa) and elastic modulus (734 ± 64 MPa) similar to those of trabecular bone. In addition, the scaffold demonstrated favorable damping properties. The biological data revealed that incorporating silicon nitride into the PEEK scaffold stimulated osteogenic differentiation. In light of these findings, it can be inferred that PEEK/SiN TPMS scaffolds exhibit significant potential for use in bone tissue engineering and represent a promising option as candidates for spinal fusion implants.
MeSH term(s)	Osteogenesis ; Spinal Fusion ; Materials Testing ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Ketones/chemistry ; Printing, Three-Dimensional
Chemical Substances	polyetheretherketone (31694-16-3) ; silicon nitride (QHB8T06IDK) ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Ketones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2576-6422
ISSN (online)	2576-6422
DOI	10.1021/acsabm.3c00383
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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