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Article ; Online: Spontanremission der Urtikaria: Gibt es das, und wenn ja, wann?

Sulk, Mathias / Hammers, Christoph M / Heine, Guido

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)

2024 Volume 75, Issue 4, Page(s) 303–308

Abstract: Background: Urticaria mostly occurs acutely with a very high probability of spontaneous remission. When it persists for more than 6 weeks a chronic urticaria is manifest, which occurs either spontaneously or inducible by specific triggers. The ... ...

Title translation	Spontaneous remission of urticaria: does it exist and if so, when?
Abstract	Background: Urticaria mostly occurs acutely with a very high probability of spontaneous remission. When it persists for more than 6 weeks a chronic urticaria is manifest, which occurs either spontaneously or inducible by specific triggers. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood but recent research points to defined pathogenetic factors. Question and aim: Whether spontaneous remission is possible in urticaria is summarized descriptively in this review, and suggestions are given for the "step down" of urticaria treatment after remission. The mechanisms including autoallergic, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent type I reactions and autoimmune, activating IgG-dependent type IIb reactions are presented. These are discussed in the context of spontaneous remission and the possibilities of induced remission.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Chronic Disease ; Urticaria/diagnosis ; Chronic Urticaria/drug therapy ; Immunoglobulin E
Chemical Substances	Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
Language	German
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2731-7013
ISSN (online)	2731-7013
DOI	10.1007/s00105-024-05320-z
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Article ; Online: Sweet syndrome in association with enterobiasis.

Sulk, Mathias / Ehrchen, Jan

The Journal of dermatology

2018 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) e106–e107

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Colon/diagnostic imaging ; Colon/parasitology ; Colonoscopy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Enterobiasis/complications ; Enterobiasis/diagnostic imaging ; Enterobiasis/drug therapy ; Enterobiasis/parasitology ; Enterobius/isolation & purification ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skin/pathology ; Sweet Syndrome/diagnosis ; Sweet Syndrome/drug therapy ; Sweet Syndrome/etiology ; Sweet Syndrome/pathology ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anthelmintics ; Glucocorticoids
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter
ZDB-ID	800103-0
ISSN	1346-8138 ; 0385-2407
ISSN (online)	1346-8138
ISSN	0385-2407
DOI	10.1111/1346-8138.14615
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Article ; Online: Mechanical epilation exerts complex biological effects on human hair follicles and perifollicular skin: An ex vivo study approach.

Bertolini, Marta / Gherardini, Jennifer / Chéret, Jérémy / Alam, Majid / Sulk, Mathias / Botchkareva, Natalia V / Biro, Tamas / Funk, Wolfgang / Grieshaber, Frieder / Paus, Ralf

International journal of cosmetic science

2023 Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 175–198

Abstract: Objective: Electrical epilation of unwanted hair is a widely used hair removal method, but it is largely unknown how this affects the biology of human hair follicles (HF) and perifollicular skin. Here, we have begun to explore how mechanical epilation ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Electrical epilation of unwanted hair is a widely used hair removal method, but it is largely unknown how this affects the biology of human hair follicles (HF) and perifollicular skin. Here, we have begun to explore how mechanical epilation changes selected key biological read-out parameters ex vivo within and around the pilosebaceous unit. Methods: Human full-thickness scalp skin samples were epilated ex vivo using an electro-mechanical device, organ-cultured for up to 6 days in serum-free, supplemented medium, and assessed at different time points by quantitative (immuno-)histomorphometry for selected relevant read-out parameters in epilated and sham-epilated control samples. Results: Epilation removed most of the hair shafts, often together with fragments of the outer and inner root sheath and hair matrix. This was associated with persistent focal thinning of the HF basal membrane, decreased melanin content of the residual HF epithelium, and increased HF keratinocyte apoptosis, including in the bulge, yet without affecting the number of cytokeratin 15 Conclusion: These data generated in denervated, organ-cultured human scalp skin demonstrate that epilation-induced mechanical HF trauma elicits surprisingly complex biological responses. These may contribute to the delayed re-growth of thinner and lighter hair shafts post-epilation and temporary post-epilation discomfort. Our findings also provide pointers regarding the development of topically applicable agents that minimize undesirable sequelae of epilation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hair Follicle ; Hair Removal/methods ; Skin/metabolism ; Hair ; Scalp
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	198917-0
ISSN	1468-2494 ; 0142-5463
ISSN (online)	1468-2494
ISSN	0142-5463
DOI	10.1111/ics.12923
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Article ; Online: Contact allergies to dental materials in patients.

Forkel, Susann / Schubert, Steffen / Corvin, Lisa / Heine, Guido / Lang, Claudia C V / Oppel, Eva / Pföhler, Claudia / Treudler, Regina / Bauer, Andrea / Sulk, Mathias / Kränke, Birger / Schäkel, Knut / Heratizadeh, Annice / Worm, Margitta / Witte, Jana / Geier, Johannes / Buhl, Timo

The British journal of dermatology

2023

Abstract: Background: Concerns regarding contact allergies and intolerance reactions to dental materials are widespread among patients. Development of novel dental materials and less frequent amalgam use may alter sensitization profiles in patients with possible ... ...

Abstract	Background: Concerns regarding contact allergies and intolerance reactions to dental materials are widespread among patients. Development of novel dental materials and less frequent amalgam use may alter sensitization profiles in patients with possible contact allergy. Objective: This study was aimed at analysing current sensitization patterns to dental materials in patients with suspected contact allergy. Methods: This retrospective, multicentre analysis from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) selected patients among 169,834 patients tested in 2005-2019, and registered with (i) an affected area of 'mouth' (and 'lips'/'perioral'), (ii) with the dental material in question belonging to three groups: dental filling materials, oral implants, or dentures or equivalents, and (iii) were patch-tested in parallel with the German baseline series, (dental) metal series, and dental technician series. Results: A total of 2,730 of 169,834 tested patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients were predominantly women (81.2%) and 40 years or older (92.8%). The sensitization rates with confirmed allergic contact stomatitis in female patients (n=444) were highest for metals (nickel 28.6%, palladium 21.4%, amalgam 10.9%), (meth)acrylates (HEMA 4.8%), and the substances propolis (6.8%) and 'balsam of Peru' (11.4%). The most relevant acrylates were HEMA, HPMA, MMA, EGDMA, and PETA. Few male patients were diagnosed with allergic contact stomatitis (n=68), and their sensitization rates were highest for propolis (14.9%) and amalgam (13.6%), but not (meth)acrylates. Conclusion: Allergic contact stomatitis to dental materials is rare. Patch testing should focus on metals such as nickel, palladium, amalgam, and gold, but also (meth)acrylates and the natural substances propolis and 'balsam of Peru'.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80076-4
ISSN	1365-2133 ; 0007-0963
ISSN (online)	1365-2133
ISSN	0007-0963
DOI	10.1093/bjd/ljad525
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Article ; Online: Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Regulates Neuro-Epidermal Communication in Atopic Dermatitis.

Buhl, Timo / Ikoma, Akihiko / Kempkes, Cordula / Cevikbas, Ferda / Sulk, Mathias / Buddenkotte, Joerg / Akiyama, Tasuku / Crumrine, Debbie / Camerer, Eric / Carstens, Earl / Schön, Michael P / Elias, Peter / Coughlin, Shaun R / Steinhoff, Martin

Frontiers in immunology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 1740

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Calcium Signaling ; Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics ; Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology ; Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelin-1/metabolism ; Epidermis/innervation ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/immunology ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; Pruritus/genetics ; Pruritus/immunology ; Pruritus/metabolism ; Pyroglyphidae/immunology ; Receptor, PAR-2/genetics ; Receptor, PAR-2/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Endothelin-1 ; F2rl1 protein, mouse ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; Nerve Growth Factor (9061-61-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2020.01740
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Article ; Online: Synergistic antipruritic effects of gamma aminobutyric acid A and B agonists in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis.

Cevikbas, Ferda / Braz, Joao M / Wang, Xidao / Solorzano, Carlos / Sulk, Mathias / Buhl, Timo / Steinhoff, Martin / Basbaum, Allan I

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2017 Volume 140, Issue 2, Page(s) 454–464.e2

Abstract: Background: Despite recent insights into the pathophysiology of acute and chronic itch, chronic itch remains an often intractable condition. Among major contributors to chronic itch is dysfunction of spinal cord gamma aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite recent insights into the pathophysiology of acute and chronic itch, chronic itch remains an often intractable condition. Among major contributors to chronic itch is dysfunction of spinal cord gamma aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibitory controls. Objectives: We sought to test the hypothesis that selective GABA agonists as well as cell transplant-derived GABA are antipruritic against acute itch and in a transgenic mouse model of atopic dermatitis produced by overexpression of the T Methods: We injected wild-type and IL-31Tg mice with combinations of GABA-A (muscimol) or GABA-B (baclofen) receptor agonists 15 to 20 minutes prior to injection of various pruritogens (histamine, chloroquine, or endothelin-1) and recorded spontaneous scratching before and after drug administration. We also tested the antipruritic properties of intraspinal transplantation of precursors of GABAergic interneurons in the IL-31Tg mice. Results: Systemic muscimol or baclofen are antipruritic against both histamine-dependent and -independent pruritogens, but the therapeutic window using either ligand alone was very small. In contrast, combined subthreshold doses of baclofen and muscimol produced a significant synergistic antipruritic effect, with no sedation. Finally, transplant-mediated long-term enhancement of GABAergic signaling not only reduced spontaneous scratching in the IL-31Tg mice but also dramatically resolved the associated skin lesions. Conclusions: Although additional research is clearly needed, existing approved GABA agonists should be considered in the management of chronic itch, notably atopic dermatitis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antipruritics/therapeutic use ; Baclofen/therapeutic use ; Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy ; Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism ; Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Synergism ; GABA-A Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use ; GABA-B Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use ; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide/genetics ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/genetics ; Interleukins/genetics ; Interneurons/drug effects ; Male ; Median Eminence/cytology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscimol/therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Bombesin/genetics ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics ; Receptors, GABA-B/genetics ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics ; Skin/drug effects ; Skin/pathology ; Spinal Cord/drug effects ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Stem Cell Transplantation
Chemical Substances	Antipruritics ; GABA-A Receptor Agonists ; GABA-B Receptor Agonists ; Interleukins ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Bombesin ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Receptors, GABA-B ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ; interleukin-31, mouse ; Muscimol (2763-96-4) ; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (80043-53-4) ; Glutamate Decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) ; glutamate decarboxylase 1 (EC 4.1.1.15) ; glutamate decarboxylase 2 (EC 4.1.1.15) ; Baclofen (H789N3FKE8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.001
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Article ; Online: Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Rosacea Reveals Activation of Th1/Th17 Pathways.

Buhl, Timo / Sulk, Mathias / Nowak, Pawel / Buddenkotte, Jörg / McDonald, Ian / Aubert, Jérôme / Carlavan, Isabelle / Déret, Sophie / Reiniche, Pascale / Rivier, Michel / Voegel, Johannes J / Steinhoff, Martin

The Journal of investigative dermatology

2015 Volume 135, Issue 9, Page(s) 2198–2208

Abstract: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Our knowledge about an involvement of the adaptive immune system is very limited. We performed detailed transcriptome analysis, quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase-PCR, ... ...

Abstract	Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Our knowledge about an involvement of the adaptive immune system is very limited. We performed detailed transcriptome analysis, quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase-PCR, and quantitative immunohistochemistry on facial biopsies of rosacea patients, classified according to their clinical subtype. As controls, we used samples from patients with facial lupus erythematosus and healthy controls. Our study shows significant activation of the immune system in all subtypes of rosacea, characterizing erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) already as a disease with significant influx of proinflammatory cells. The T-cell response is dominated by Th1/Th17-polarized immune cells, as demonstrated by significant upregulation of IFN-γ or IL-17, for example. Chemokine expression patterns support a Th1/Th17 polarization profile of the T-cell response. Macrophages and mast cells are increased in all three subtypes of rosacea, whereas neutrophils reach a maximum in papulopustular rosacea. Our studies also provide evidence for the activation of plasma cells with significant antibody production already in ETR, followed by a crescendo pattern toward phymatous rosacea. In sum, Th1/Th17 polarized inflammation and macrophage infiltration are an underestimated hallmark in all subtypes of rosacea. Therapies directly targeting the Th1/Th17 pathway are promising candidates in the future treatment of this skin disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptive Immunity/immunology ; Adaptive Immunity/physiology ; Adult ; Biopsy, Needle ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Proliferation ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Mast Cells/immunology ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods ; Reference Values ; Rosacea/drug therapy ; Rosacea/immunology ; Rosacea/pathology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th17 Cells/immunology
Chemical Substances	Chemokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80136-7
ISSN	1523-1747 ; 0022-202X
ISSN (online)	1523-1747
ISSN	0022-202X
DOI	10.1038/jid.2015.141
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Article ; Online: Neural peptidase endothelin-converting enzyme 1 regulates endothelin 1-induced pruritus.

Kido-Nakahara, Makiko / Buddenkotte, Jörg / Kempkes, Cordula / Ikoma, Akihiko / Cevikbas, Ferda / Akiyama, Tasuku / Nunes, Frank / Seeliger, Stephan / Hasdemir, Burcu / Mess, Christian / Buhl, Timo / Sulk, Mathias / Müller, Frank-Ulrich / Metze, Dieter / Bunnett, Nigel W / Bhargava, Aditi / Carstens, Earl / Furue, Masutaka / Steinhoff, Martin

The Journal of clinical investigation

2014 Volume 124, Issue 6, Page(s) 2683–2695

Abstract: In humans, pruritus (itch) is a common but poorly understood symptom in numerous skin and systemic diseases. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) evokes histamine-independent pruritus in mammals through activation of its cognate G protein-coupled receptor endothelin A ... ...

Abstract	In humans, pruritus (itch) is a common but poorly understood symptom in numerous skin and systemic diseases. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) evokes histamine-independent pruritus in mammals through activation of its cognate G protein-coupled receptor endothelin A receptor (ETAR). Here, we have identified neural endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (ECE-1) as a key regulator of ET-1-induced pruritus and neural signaling of itch. We show here that ETAR, ET-1, and ECE-1 are expressed and colocalize in murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and human skin nerves. In murine DRG neurons, ET-1 induced internalization of ETAR within ECE-1-containing endosomes. ECE-1 inhibition slowed ETAR recycling yet prolonged ET-1-induced activation of ERK1/2, but not p38. In a murine itch model, ET-1-induced scratching behavior was substantially augmented by pharmacological ECE-1 inhibition and abrogated by treatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor. Using iontophoresis, we demonstrated that ET-1 is a potent, partially histamine-independent pruritogen in humans. Immunohistochemical evaluation of skin from prurigo nodularis patients confirmed an upregulation of the ET-1/ETAR/ECE-1/ERK1/2 axis in patients with chronic itch. Together, our data identify the neural peptidase ECE-1 as a negative regulator of itch on sensory nerves by directly regulating ET-1-induced pruritus in humans and mice. Furthermore, these results implicate the ET-1/ECE-1/ERK1/2 pathway as a therapeutic target to treat pruritus in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/genetics ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endothelin-1/administration & dosage ; Endothelin-1/genetics ; Endothelin-1/metabolism ; Endothelin-Converting Enzymes ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics ; Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Pruritus/etiology ; Pruritus/genetics ; Pruritus/metabolism ; Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Skin/innervation ; Skin/metabolism ; Skin/pathology ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	Endothelin-1 ; Receptor, Endothelin A ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.23.-) ; Metalloendopeptidases (EC 3.4.24.-) ; ECE1 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.71) ; Ece1 protein, mouse (EC 3.4.24.71) ; Endothelin-Converting Enzymes (EC 3.4.24.71)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3067-3
ISSN	1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
ISSN (online)	1558-8238
ISSN	0021-9738
DOI	10.1172/JCI67323
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Article ; Online: Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea.

Steinhoff, Martin / Buddenkotte, Jörg / Aubert, Jerome / Sulk, Mathias / Novak, Pawel / Schwab, Verena D / Mess, Christian / Cevikbas, Ferda / Rivier, Michel / Carlavan, Isabelle / Déret, Sophie / Rosignoli, Carine / Metze, Dieter / Luger, Thomas A / Voegel, Johannes J

The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings

2011 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–11

Abstract: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Although described centuries ago, the pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Epidemiological studies indicate a genetic component, but a rosacea gene has not been ... ...

Abstract	Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Although described centuries ago, the pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Epidemiological studies indicate a genetic component, but a rosacea gene has not been identified yet. Four subtypes and several variants of rosacea have been described. It is still unclear whether these subtypes represent a "developmental march" of different stages or are merely part of a syndrome that develops independently but overlaps clinically. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of rosacea make it a fascinating "human disease model" for learning about the connection between the cutaneous vascular, nervous, and immune systems. Innate immune mechanisms and dysregulation of the neurovascular system are involved in rosacea initiation and perpetuation, although the complex network of primary induction and secondary reaction of neuroimmune communication is still unclear. Later, rosacea may result in fibrotic facial changes, suggesting a strong connection between chronic inflammatory processes and skin fibrosis development. This review highlights recent molecular (gene array) and cellular findings and aims to integrate the different body defense mechanisms into a modern concept of rosacea pathophysiology.
MeSH term(s)	Chronic Disease ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rosacea/immunology ; Rosacea/pathology ; Rosacea/physiopathology ; Sex Factors ; Vasodilation/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-11-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1338142-8
ISSN	1529-1774 ; 1087-0024
ISSN (online)	1529-1774
ISSN	1087-0024
DOI	10.1038/jidsymp.2011.7
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Article ; Online: Neurovascular and neuroimmune aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea.

Schwab, Verena D / Sulk, Mathias / Seeliger, Stephan / Nowak, Pawel / Aubert, Jerome / Mess, Christian / Rivier, Michel / Carlavan, Isabelle / Rossio, Patricia / Metze, Dieter / Buddenkotte, Jörg / Cevikbas, Ferda / Voegel, Johannes J / Steinhoff, Martin

The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings

2011 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–62

Abstract: Rosacea is a common skin disease with a high impact on quality of life. Characterized by erythema, edema, burning pain, immune infiltration, and facial skin fibrosis, rosacea has all the characteristics of neurogenic inflammation, a condition induced by ... ...

Abstract	Rosacea is a common skin disease with a high impact on quality of life. Characterized by erythema, edema, burning pain, immune infiltration, and facial skin fibrosis, rosacea has all the characteristics of neurogenic inflammation, a condition induced by sensory nerves via antidromically released neuromediators. To investigate the hypothesis of a central role of neural interactions in the pathophysiology, we analyzed molecular and morphological characteristics in the different subtypes of rosacea by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, morphometry, real-time PCR, and gene array analysis, and compared the findings with those for lupus erythematosus or healthy skin. Our results showed significantly dilated blood and lymphatic vessels. Signs of angiogenesis were only evident in phymatous rosacea. The number of mast cells and fibroblasts was increased in rosacea, already in subtypes in which fibrosis is not clinically apparent, indicating early activation. Sensory nerves were closely associated with blood vessels and mast cells, and were increased in erythematous rosacea. Gene array studies and qRT-PCR confirmed upregulation of genes involved in vasoregulation and neurogenic inflammation. Thus, dysregulation of mediators and receptors implicated in neurovascular and neuroimmune communication may be crucial at early stages of rosacea. Drugs that function on neurovascular and/or neuroimmune communication may be beneficial for the treatment of rosacea.
MeSH term(s)	Fibroblasts/immunology ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology ; Lymphatic Vessels/immunology ; Lymphatic Vessels/physiopathology ; Mast Cells/immunology ; Mast Cells/physiology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology ; Neurogenic Inflammation/genetics ; Neurogenic Inflammation/immunology ; Neurogenic Inflammation/pathology ; Neurogenic Inflammation/physiopathology ; Rosacea/genetics ; Rosacea/immunology ; Rosacea/pathology ; Rosacea/physiopathology ; Skin/blood supply ; Skin/innervation ; Skin/pathology ; Skin/physiopathology ; Up-Regulation ; Vasodilation/genetics ; Vasodilation/immunology ; Vasodilation/physiology ; Vimentin/analysis ; Vimentin/immunology
Chemical Substances	Vimentin
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-11-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1338142-8
ISSN	1529-1774 ; 1087-0024
ISSN (online)	1529-1774
ISSN	1087-0024
DOI	10.1038/jidsymp.2011.6
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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