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Article ; Online: Transcription Factors in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis and Their Targeted Therapy.

Shao, Kasey M / Shao, Wen-Hai

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 2

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by breakdown of immunotolerance to self-antigens. Renal involvement, known as lupus nephritis (LN), is one of the leading causes of morbidity and a ... ...

Abstract	Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by breakdown of immunotolerance to self-antigens. Renal involvement, known as lupus nephritis (LN), is one of the leading causes of morbidity and a significant contributor to mortality in SLE. Despite current pathophysiological advances, further studies are needed to fully understand complex mechanisms underlying the development and progression of LN. Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that regulate the expression of genes and play a crucial role in the development and progression of LN. The mechanisms of TF promoting or inhibiting gene expression are complex, and studies have just begun to reveal the pathological roles of TFs in LN. Understanding TFs in the pathogenesis of LN can provide valuable insights into this disease's mechanisms and potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies for its management. This review will focus on recent findings on TFs in the pathogenesis of LN and newly developed TF-targeted therapy in renal inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lupus Nephritis/etiology ; Lupus Nephritis/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Autoantigens
Chemical Substances	Transcription Factors ; Autoantigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25021084
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book: Chia tʻing hai chʻung fang chih wen ta

Feng, Shao-chʻüan

1990

Title translation	Questions and answers of household pest control.
Title variant	Jiating haichong fang zhi wen da
Author's details	Feng Shao-chʻüan pien chu
Keywords	Household pests/Control
Language	Chinese
Size	5, 94 p. ;, 19 cm.
Edition	Ti 1 pan.
Publisher	Kʻo hsüeh chi shu wen hsien chʻu pan she chʻung-chʻing fen she
Publishing place	Chʻung-chʻing shih
Document type	Book
ISBN	750231153X ; 9787502311537
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Epigenetic Alterations in Immune Cells of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Therapeutic Implications.

Adams, David E / Shao, Wen-Hai

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by autoantibody production and dysregulated immune cell activation. Although the exact etiology of SLE remains unknown, genetic, hormonal, and complex environmental ... ...

Abstract	Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by autoantibody production and dysregulated immune cell activation. Although the exact etiology of SLE remains unknown, genetic, hormonal, and complex environmental factors are known to be critical for pathologic immune activation. In addition to the inherited genetic predisposition, epigenetic processes that do not change the genomic code, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs are increasingly appreciated to play important roles in lupus pathogenesis. We herein focus on the up-to-date findings of lupus-associated epigenetic alterations and their pathophysiology in lupus development. We also summarize the therapeutic potential of the new findings. It is likely that advances in the epigenetic study will help to predict individual disease outcomes, promise diagnostic accuracy, and design new target-directed immunotherapies.
MeSH term(s)	DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy ; RNA, Untranslated
Chemical Substances	RNA, Untranslated
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11030506
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Epigenetic Alterations in Immune Cells of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Therapeutic Implications

David E. Adams / Wen-Hai Shao

Cells, Vol 11, Iss 506, p

2022 Volume 506

Abstract	Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by autoantibody production and dysregulated immune cell activation. Although the exact etiology of SLE remains unknown, genetic, hormonal, and complex environmental factors are known to be critical for pathologic immune activation. In addition to the inherited genetic predisposition, epigenetic processes that do not change the genomic code, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs are increasingly appreciated to play important roles in lupus pathogenesis. We herein focus on the up-to-date findings of lupus-associated epigenetic alterations and their pathophysiology in lupus development. We also summarize the therapeutic potential of the new findings. It is likely that advances in the epigenetic study will help to predict individual disease outcomes, promise diagnostic accuracy, and design new target-directed immunotherapies.
Keywords	epigenetics ; systemic lupus erythematosus ; therapeutics ; methylation ; acetylation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Role of Microparticles in Rheumatic Diseases and their Potentials as Therapeutic Tools.

Shao, Wen-Hai

Journal of molecular immunology

2016 Volume 1, Issue 1

Abstract: Microparticles (MPs) play important roles in intercellular communication, including adhesion, signal transduction, cell activation, and apoptosis. They possess a wide spectrum of biological effects in the immune responses. MPs could be immunotolerogenic ... ...

Abstract	Microparticles (MPs) play important roles in intercellular communication, including adhesion, signal transduction, cell activation, and apoptosis. They possess a wide spectrum of biological effects in the immune responses. MPs could be immunotolerogenic or immunogenic depending on the contents and composition. Elevated levels of MPs have been reported in many forms for rheumatic diseases. This review focuses on the immunopathogenic and therapeutic role of MPs in rheumatic diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
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Article ; Online: Axl Expression in Renal Mesangial Cells Is Regulated by Sp1, Ap1, MZF1, and Ep300, and the IL-6/miR-34a Pathway

David E. Adams / Yuxuan Zhen / Xiaoyang Qi / Wen-Hai Shao

Cells, Vol 11, Iss 1869, p

2022 Volume 1869

Abstract: Axl receptor tyrosine kinase expression in the kidney contributes to a variety of inflammatory renal disease by promoting glomerular proliferation. Axl expression in the kidney is negligible in healthy individuals but upregulated under inflammatory ... ...

Abstract	Axl receptor tyrosine kinase expression in the kidney contributes to a variety of inflammatory renal disease by promoting glomerular proliferation. Axl expression in the kidney is negligible in healthy individuals but upregulated under inflammatory conditions. Little is known about Axl transcriptional regulation. We analyzed the 4.4 kb mouse Axl promoter region and found that many transcription factor (TF)-binding sites and regulatory elements are located within a 600 bp fragment proximal to the translation start site. Among four TFs (Sp1, Ap1, MZF1, and Ep300) identified, Sp1 was the most potent TF that promotes Axl expression. Luciferase assays confirmed the siRNA results and revealed additional mechanisms that regulate Axl expression, including sequences encoding a 5′-UTR mini-intron and potential G-quadruplex forming regions. Deletion of the Axl 5′-UTR mini-intron resulted in a 3.2-fold increases in luciferase activity over the full-length UTR (4.4 kb Axl construct). The addition of TMPyP4, a G-quadruplex stabilizer, resulted in a significantly decreased luciferase activity. Further analysis of the mouse Axl 3′-UTR revealed a miRNA-34a binding site, which inversely regulates Axl expression. The inhibitory role of miRNA-34a in Axl expression was demonstrated in mesangial cells using miRNA-34a mimicry and in primary kidney cells with IL-6 stimulated STAT3 activation. Taken together, Axl expression in mouse kidney is synergistically regulated by multiple factors, including TFs and secondary structures, such as mini-intron and G-quadruplex. A unique IL6/STAT3/miRNA-34a pathway was revealed to be critical in inflammatory renal Axl expression.
Keywords	Axl ; mesangial cell ; transcription factor ; expression regulation ; Sp1 ; Ap1 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Axl Expression in Renal Mesangial Cells Is Regulated by Sp1, Ap1, MZF1, and Ep300, and the IL-6/miR-34a Pathway.

Adams, David E / Zhen, Yuxuan / Qi, Xiaoyang / Shao, Wen-Hai

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 12

Abstract	Axl receptor tyrosine kinase expression in the kidney contributes to a variety of inflammatory renal disease by promoting glomerular proliferation. Axl expression in the kidney is negligible in healthy individuals but upregulated under inflammatory conditions. Little is known about Axl transcriptional regulation. We analyzed the 4.4 kb mouse
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Interleukin-6 ; Mesangial Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; MicroRNAs ; RNA, Small Interfering
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11121869
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Gas6/TAM Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Cohen, Philip L / Shao, Wen-Hai

Disease markers

2019 Volume 2019, Page(s) 7838195

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease associated with impaired immune system regulation. The exact mechanisms of SLE development remain to be elucidated. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important for apoptotic ... ...

Abstract	Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease associated with impaired immune system regulation. The exact mechanisms of SLE development remain to be elucidated. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important for apoptotic cell clearance, immune homeostasis, and resolution of immune responses. TAM deficiency leads to lupus-like autoimmune diseases. Activation of TAM receptors leads to proteolytic cleavage of the receptors, generating soluble forms of TAM. Circulating TAM receptors have an immunoregulatory function and may also serve as biomarkers for disease prognosis. Here, we review the biological function and signaling of TAM RTKs in the development and pathogenesis of lupus and lupus nephritis. Targeting Gas6/TAM pathways may be of therapeutic benefit. A discussion of potential TAM activation and inhibition in the treatment of lupus and lupus nephritis is included.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology ; Prognosis ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; growth arrest-specific protein 6 ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604951-5
ISSN	1875-8630 ; 0278-0240
ISSN (online)	1875-8630
ISSN	0278-0240
DOI	10.1155/2019/7838195
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Experimental Analysis of Apoptotic Thymocyte Engulfment by Macrophages.

Zhen, Yuxuan / Shao, Wen-Hai

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2019 , Issue 147

Abstract: Cell apoptosis is a natural process and plays a critical role in embryonic development, homeostatic regulation, immune tolerance induction, and resolution of inflammation. Accumulation of apoptotic debris in the body may trigger chronic inflammatory ... ...

Abstract	Cell apoptosis is a natural process and plays a critical role in embryonic development, homeostatic regulation, immune tolerance induction, and resolution of inflammation. Accumulation of apoptotic debris in the body may trigger chronic inflammatory responses that lead to systemic autoimmune diseases over time. Impaired apoptotic cell clearance has been implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Apoptotic clearance is a complex process rarely detected under physiological conditions. It involves abundant surface receptors and signaling molecules. Studying the process of apoptotic cell clearance provides insightful molecular mechanisms and subsequent biological responses, which may lead to the development of new therapeutics. Here, we describe protocols for the induction of apoptotic thymocytes, the preparation of peritoneal macrophages, and the analysis of apoptotic cell clearance by flow cytometry and microscopy. All cells will undergo apoptosis at a certain stage, and many residential and circulating cells can uptake apoptotic debris. Therefore, the protocol described here can be used in many applications to characterize apoptotic cell binding and ingestion by many other cell types.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis ; Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice ; Thymocytes/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/59731
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Experimental analysis of apoptotic thymocyte engulfment by macrophages

Zhen, Yuxuan / Shao, Wen-Hai

Journal of visualized experiments. 2019 May 24, , no. 147

2019

Abstract	Cell apoptosis is a natural process and plays a critical role in embryonic development, homeostatic regulation, immune tolerance induction, and resolution of inflammation. Accumulation of apoptotic debris in the body may trigger chronic inflammatory responses that lead to systemic autoimmune diseases over time. Impaired apoptotic cell clearance has been implicated in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Apoptotic clearance is a complex process rarely detected under physiological conditions. It involves abundant surface receptors and signaling molecules. Studying the process of apoptotic cell clearance provides insightful molecular mechanisms and subsequent biological responses, which may lead to the development of new therapeutics. Here, we describe protocols for the induction of apoptotic thymocytes, the preparation of peritoneal macrophages, and the analysis of apoptotic cell clearance by flow cytometry and microscopy. All cells will undergo apoptosis at a certain stage, and many residential and circulating cells can uptake apoptotic debris. Therefore, the protocol described here can be used in many applications to characterize apoptotic cell binding and ingestion by many other cell types.
Keywords	apoptosis ; autoimmune diseases ; embryogenesis ; flow cytometry ; immunosuppression ; inflammation ; macrophages ; microscopy ; receptors ; therapeutics ; thymocytes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0524
Size	p. e59731.
Publishing place	Journal of Visualized Experiments
Document type	Article
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/59731
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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