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Article ; Online: Do solar cycles explain the emergence of COVID-19? Neutron count comparison between the solar minima of 2008-2009 and 2019-2020.

Bell, Tomoko

Current opinion in environmental science & health

2022 Volume 26, Page(s) 100333

Abstract: Cosmic rays are believed to be mutagenic and can stimulate virus mutation through point mutations. Neutron count on Earth ground stations is a reliable proxy to quantify cosmic ray flux. A previous study reported that the maximum flux of cosmic rays in ... ...

Abstract	Cosmic rays are believed to be mutagenic and can stimulate virus mutation through point mutations. Neutron count on Earth ground stations is a reliable proxy to quantify cosmic ray flux. A previous study reported that the maximum flux of cosmic rays in November 2019 could be related to the emergence of COVID-19 (late November to early December). Using the latest neutron count data, this study investigated if the data from 2019 to 2020 could specifically explain the emergence of pandemic (COVID-19). The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the previous two last solar minima datasets (2008-2009 and 2019-2020;
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2468-5844
ISSN (online)	2468-5844
DOI	10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100333
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Article: Do solar cycles explain the emergence of COVID-19? Neutron count comparison between the solar minima of 2008–2009 and 2019–2020

Bell, Tomoko

Current opinion in environmental science & health. 2022 Apr., v. 26

2022

Abstract	Cosmic rays are believed to be mutagenic and can stimulate virus mutation through point mutations. Neutron count on Earth ground stations is a reliable proxy to quantify cosmic ray flux. A previous study reported that the maximum flux of cosmic rays in November 2019 could be related to the emergence of COVID-19 (late November to early December). Using the latest neutron count data, this study investigated if the data from 2019 to 2020 could specifically explain the emergence of pandemic (COVID-19). The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the previous two last solar minima datasets (2008–2009 and 2019–2020; n = 24, p = 0.60). This suggests that the solar minima of 2019–2020 did not experience an increase in cosmic rays and the emergence of COVID-19 could not be solely explained by cosmic ray flux caused by solar cycles (space weather change).
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; data collection ; environmental science ; mutagens ; neutrons ; pandemic ; viruses ; weather
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2468-5844
DOI	10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100333
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Article ; Online: Whole transcriptome analysis of demersal fish eggs reveals complex responses to ocean deoxygenation and acidification.

Iguchi, Akira / Hayashi, Masahiro / Yorifuji, Makiko / Nishijima, Miyuki / Gibu, Kodai / Kunishima, Taiga / Bell, Tomoko / Suzuki, Atsushi / Ono, Tsuneo

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 917, Page(s) 169484

Abstract: Ocean acidification and deoxygenation co-occur in marine environments, causing deterioration of marine ecosystems. However, effects of compound stresses on marine organisms and their physiological coping mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show how ... ...

Abstract	Ocean acidification and deoxygenation co-occur in marine environments, causing deterioration of marine ecosystems. However, effects of compound stresses on marine organisms and their physiological coping mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show how high pCO
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Seawater ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/metabolism ; Aquatic Organisms/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Climate Change ; Oceans and Seas
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169484
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Article ; Online: Calcification rates of a massive and a branching coral species were unrelated to diversity of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.

Gibu, Kodai / Ikeuchi, Eri / Bell, Tomoko / Nakamura, Takashi / Yoshioka, Yuki / Suzuki, Atsushi / Iguchi, Akira

Molecular biology reports

2022 Volume 49, Issue 9, Page(s) 9101–9106

Abstract: Background: To explore the possibility that endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are associated with coral calcification rates, we investigated the diversity of symbiotic algae in coral colonies with different calcification rates within ... ...

Abstract	Background: To explore the possibility that endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are associated with coral calcification rates, we investigated the diversity of symbiotic algae in coral colonies with different calcification rates within massive and branching corals (Porites australiensis and Acropora digitifera). Methods and results: Genotyping symbiotic algae from colonies with different calcification rates revealed that all the colonies of both species harbored mainly Cladocopium (previously clade C of Symbiodinium). The Cladocopium symbionts in P. australiensis were mainly composed of C15 and C15bn, and those in A. digitifera of C50a and C50c. We did not detect clear relationships between symbiont compositions and calcification rates within the two coral species. Conclusions: Our results suggest that different coral calcification rates within species may be attributed to genetic factors of coral hosts themselves and/or within symbiont genotypes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics ; Dinoflagellida/genetics ; Symbiosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-022-07702-9
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Article ; Online: Calcification rates of a massive and a branching coral species were unrelated to diversity of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates

Gibu, Kodai / Ikeuchi, Eri / Bell, Tomoko / Nakamura, Takashi / Yoshioka, Yuki / Suzuki, Atsushi / Iguchi, Akira

Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Sept., v. 49, no. 9 p.9101-9106

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To explore the possibility that endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are associated with coral calcification rates, we investigated the diversity of symbiotic algae in coral colonies with different calcification rates within ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: To explore the possibility that endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) are associated with coral calcification rates, we investigated the diversity of symbiotic algae in coral colonies with different calcification rates within massive and branching corals (Porites australiensis and Acropora digitifera). METHODS AND RESULTS: Genotyping symbiotic algae from colonies with different calcification rates revealed that all the colonies of both species harbored mainly Cladocopium (previously clade C of Symbiodinium). The Cladocopium symbionts in P. australiensis were mainly composed of C15 and C15bn, and those in A. digitifera of C50a and C50c. We did not detect clear relationships between symbiont compositions and calcification rates within the two coral species. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that different coral calcification rates within species may be attributed to genetic factors of coral hosts themselves and/or within symbiont genotypes.
Keywords	Acropora ; Symbiodinium ; calcification ; corals ; genotyping ; symbionts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 9101-9106.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-022-07702-9
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Article: Temperature-controlled culture experiments with primary polyps of coral Acropora digitifera: Calcification rate variations and skeletal Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Na/Ca ratios

Bell, Tomoko / Akira Iguchi / Atsushi Suzuki / Kazuhiko Sakai / Kei Ishikawa / Kozue Nishida / Takashi Nakamura / Yoshikazu Ohno / Yusuke Yokoyama

Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2017 Oct. 15, v. 484

2017

Abstract: Coral skeletons preserve useful archival indicators from which to reconstruct past environments. We conducted temperature-controlled culture experiments (20, 22, 27, and 31°C) with primary polyps of Acropora digitifera to accurately assess the impact of ... ...

Abstract	Coral skeletons preserve useful archival indicators from which to reconstruct past environments. We conducted temperature-controlled culture experiments (20, 22, 27, and 31°C) with primary polyps of Acropora digitifera to accurately assess the impact of a wide range of temperatures on the calcification rate and to methodically evaluate the skeletal trace elements (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Na/Ca ratios). Water temperatures positively affected the calcification rate up to 31°C, which exceeds the temperature threshold for this species. The calcification rates also varied widely (>20%) during each of the four temperature treatments. The skeletal Sr/Ca ratio was most strongly correlated with water temperature (R2=0.68, p<0.001), whereas the Mg/Ca and Na/Ca ratios showed lower correlations (R2=0.53, p<0.001; R2=0.34, p=0.011, respectively). The variations in the skeletal Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Na/Ca ratios at the four different temperatures were 0.36%–1.20%, 0.83%–3.76%, and 0.52%–3.24%, respectively. Thus, the Sr/Ca ratio showed the least variation, despite the wide variations in the calcification rate. We confirm that the Sr/Ca ratio of A. digitifera juveniles is a robust proxy of temperature, regardless of variations in the calcification rate and the wide range of ambient temperatures. In addition, our results regarding skeletal Mg/Ca and Na/Ca ratios further our understanding of coral calcification processes.
Keywords	Acropora ; ambient temperature ; calcification ; calcium ; corals ; juveniles ; magnesium ; sodium ; strontium ; water temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-1015
Size	p. 129-135.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.03.016
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Article: Involving Patient Partners in the KRESCENT Peer Review: Intent, Process, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Canadian journal of kidney health and disease

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 20543581221136402

Abstract: Purpose of review: The Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training (KRESCENT) is a national Canadian training program for kidney scientists, funded by the Kidney Foundation of Canada (KFOC), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research ( ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: The Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training (KRESCENT) is a national Canadian training program for kidney scientists, funded by the Kidney Foundation of Canada (KFOC), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and the Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN). We describe our first year of incorporating patient partners into a scientific peer-review committee, the 2017 committee to select senior research trainees and early-career kidney researchers for funding and training, in the hope that it will be helpful to others who wish to integrate the perspective of people with lived experience into the peer-review process. Sources of information: Other peer-review committees, websites, journal articles, patient partners, Kidney Foundation of Canada Research Council, Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can-SOLVE CKD) Patient Council, participants in the 2017 Kidney Foundation of Canada KRESCENT peer-review panel. Methods: We describe our motivation, rationale, guiding principles, plans, feedback, implementation, and response. Key findings: We disseminated a "call for patient partners" 8 weeks before the meeting, seeking patients or their care givers to partner with the KRESCENT peer-review panel; we defined these people with lived experience of kidney disease as patient partners. Eight patient partners came forward and all participated as reviewers. Patient partners first participated in a webinar to learn about the function, structure, and processes of a peer-review committee. They practiced reviewing plain language summaries and giving feedback. In a subsequent teleconference, they shared and discussed their reviews. Plain language summaries were scored, overall, on the same 0-5 quality scale used by scientific reviewers. Three patient reviewers participated in some or all of the 6-hour meeting, which was conducted as usual, for this panel, by teleconference (initially audio only; from 2020 onwards by videoconference). In the meeting, the 2 assigned scientific reviewers first gave their scores, followed by the patient reviewers giving their scores, and discussion (mostly scientific, and conducted in usual scientific language). Scientific reviewers then negotiated a consensus score based on their initial scores, the discussion, patient reviewers' scores and statements, and the scientific officer's notes. Patient reviewers, scientific reviewers, and the Kidney Foundation of Canada (KFOC) were generally positive about the process. The increased length of the meeting (estimated at 1 hour) was generally thought to be acceptable. Patient reviewers also provided feedback on the methods used to incorporate patients into the research under review. These comments were concrete, insightful, and helpful. The patients did not uniformly recommend that basic scientists involve patients in their work. We did not detect bias against preclinical science, work that did not involve patients, or rarer diseases. Some patients found participation inspiring and enlightening. All participants appreciated the idea of patient partners as community witnesses to a group process committed to fairness and supportiveness. We discussed assigning formal meaningful weight to patient reviewers' assessments. Most, but not all, patients thought that the scientific reviewers were ultimately the best judges of the allocation of scarce research resources. Limitations: Patient participants tended to be Caucasian, middle class, and well educated. Because of the difficulties of travel for some people living with or supporting those living with kidney disease, our findings may not generalize fully to peer-review meetings that are conducted face to face. This is explicitly a supportive panel, committed to reviewing junior scientists with kindness as well as rigor; our findings may not generalize to panels conducted differently. We did not use formal qualitative methodology. Implications: Inclusion of patient partners as patient reviewers for the KRESCENT program peer-review panel was feasible, added value for scientific and patient reviewers, and for the funding stakeholders (CIHR, KFOC, and CSN). We were glad that we had taken this step and continue to refine the process with each successive competition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2765462-X
ISSN	2054-3581
ISSN	2054-3581
DOI	10.1177/20543581221136402
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Article ; Online: Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel.

LeardMann, Cynthia A / Powell, Teresa M / Smith, Tyler C / Bell, Michael R / Smith, Besa / Boyko, Edward J / Hooper, Tomoko I / Gackstetter, Gary D / Ghamsary, Mark / Hoge, Charles W

JAMA

2013 Volume 310, Issue 5, Page(s) 496–506

Abstract: Importance: Beginning in 2005, the incidence of suicide deaths in the US military began to sharply increase. Unique stressors, such as combat deployments, have been assumed to underlie the increasing incidence. Previous military suicide studies, however, ...

Abstract	Importance: Beginning in 2005, the incidence of suicide deaths in the US military began to sharply increase. Unique stressors, such as combat deployments, have been assumed to underlie the increasing incidence. Previous military suicide studies, however, have relied on case series and cross-sectional investigations and have not linked data during service with postservice periods. Objective: To prospectively identify and quantify risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel including demographic, military, mental health, behavioral, and deployment characteristics. Design, setting, and participants: Prospective longitudinal study with accrual and assessment of participants in 2001, 2004, and 2007. Questionnaire data were linked with the National Death Index and the Department of Defense Medical Mortality Registry through December 31, 2008. Participants were current and former US military personnel from all service branches, including active and Reserve/National Guard, who were included in the Millennium Cohort Study (N = 151,560). Main outcomes and measures: Death by suicide captured by the National Death Index and the Department of Defense Medical Mortality Registry. Results: Through the end of 2008, findings were 83 suicides in 707,493 person-years of follow-up (11.73/100,000 person-years [95% CI, 9.21-14.26]). In Cox models adjusted for age and sex, factors significantly associated with increased risk of suicide included male sex, depression, manic-depressive disorder, heavy or binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems. None of the deployment-related factors (combat experience, cumulative days deployed, or number of deployments) were associated with increased suicide risk in any of the models. In multivariable Cox models, individuals with increased risk for suicide were men (hazard ratio [HR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.17-3.92; P = .01; attributable risk [AR], 3.5 cases/10,000 persons), and those with depression (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.05-3.64; P = .03; AR, 6.9/10,000 persons), manic-depressive disorder (HR, 4.35; 95% CI, 1.56-12.09; P = .005; AR, 35.6/10,000 persons), or alcohol-related problems (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.56-4.18; P <.001; AR, 7.7/10,000 persons). A nested, matched case-control analysis using 20:1 control participants per case confirmed these findings. Conclusions and relevance: In this sample of current and former military personnel observed July 1, 2001-December 31, 2008, suicide risk was independently associated with male sex and mental disorders but not with military-specific variables. These findings may inform approaches to mitigating suicide risk in this population.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Afghan Campaign 2001- ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 ; Male ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel/psychology ; Prospective Studies ; Registries ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Suicide/statistics & numerical data ; Time Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-08-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2013.65164
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Article ; Online: Guidelines for Modeling and Reporting Health Effects of Climate Change Mitigation Actions.

Hess, Jeremy J / Ranadive, Nikhil / Boyer, Chris / Aleksandrowicz, Lukasz / Anenberg, Susan C / Aunan, Kristin / Belesova, Kristine / Bell, Michelle L / Bickersteth, Sam / Bowen, Kathryn / Burden, Marci / Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid / Carlton, Elizabeth / Cissé, Guéladio / Cohen, Francois / Dai, Hancheng / Dangour, Alan David / Dasgupta, Purnamita / Frumkin, Howard /

Gong, Peng / Gould, Robert J / Haines, Andy / Hales, Simon / Hamilton, Ian / Hasegawa, Tomoko / Hashizume, Masahiro / Honda, Yasushi / Horton, Daniel E / Karambelas, Alexandra / Kim, Ho / Kim, Satbyul Estella / Kinney, Patrick L / Kone, Inza / Knowlton, Kim / Lelieveld, Jos / Limaye, Vijay S / Liu, Qiyong / Madaniyazi, Lina / Martinez, Micaela Elvira / Mauzerall, Denise L / Milner, James / Neville, Tara / Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark / Pachauri, Shonali / Perera, Frederica / Pineo, Helen / Remais, Justin V / Saari, Rebecca K / Sampedro, Jon / Scheelbeek, Pauline / Schwartz, Joel / Shindell, Drew / Shyamsundar, Priya / Taylor, Timothy J / Tonne, Cathryn / Van Vuuren, Detlef / Wang, Can / Watts, Nicholas / West, J Jason / Wilkinson, Paul / Wood, Stephen A / Woodcock, James / Woodward, Alistair / Xie, Yang / Zhang, Ying / Ebi, Kristie L

Environmental health perspectives

2020 Volume 128, Issue 11, Page(s) 115001

Abstract: Background: Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation ... ...

Abstract	Background: Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation actions; however, documenting the adverse health effects can help to avoid them. Estimating the health effects of mitigation (HEM) actions can help policy makers prioritize investments based not only on mitigation potential but also on expected health benefits. To date, however, the wide range of incompatible approaches taken to developing and reporting HEM estimates has limited their comparability and usefulness to policymakers. Objective: The objective of this effort was to generate guidance for modeling studies on scoping, estimating, and reporting population health effects from climate change mitigation actions. Methods: An expert panel of HEM researchers was recruited to participate in developing guidance for conducting HEM studies. The primary literature and a synthesis of HEM studies were provided to the panel. Panel members then participated in a modified Delphi exercise to identify areas of consensus regarding HEM estimation. Finally, the panel met to review and discuss consensus findings, resolve remaining differences, and generate guidance regarding conducting HEM studies. Results: The panel generated a checklist of recommendations regarding stakeholder engagement: HEM modeling, including model structure, scope and scale, demographics, time horizons, counterfactuals, health response functions, and metrics; parameterization and reporting; approaches to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis; accounting for policy uptake; and discounting. Discussion: This checklist provides guidance for conducting and reporting HEM estimates to make them more comparable and useful for policymakers. Harmonization of HEM estimates has the potential to lead to advances in and improved synthesis of policy-relevant research that can inform evidence-based decision making and practice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6745.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution ; COVID-19 ; Climate Change ; Coronavirus ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	195189-0
ISSN	1552-9924 ; 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
ISSN (online)	1552-9924
ISSN	0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
DOI	10.1289/EHP6745
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Article ; Online: A synaptic vesicle-associated Ca2+ channel promotes endocytosis and couples exocytosis to endocytosis.

Yao, Chi-Kuang / Lin, Yong Qi / Ly, Cindy V / Ohyama, Tomoko / Haueter, Claire M / Moiseenkova-Bell, Vera Y / Wensel, Theodore G / Bellen, Hugo J

Cell

2009 Volume 138, Issue 5, Page(s) 947–960

Abstract: Synaptic vesicle (SV) exo- and endocytosis are tightly coupled to sustain neurotransmission in presynaptic terminals, and both are regulated by Ca(2+). Ca(2+) influx triggered by voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels is necessary for SV fusion. However, ... ...

Abstract	Synaptic vesicle (SV) exo- and endocytosis are tightly coupled to sustain neurotransmission in presynaptic terminals, and both are regulated by Ca(2+). Ca(2+) influx triggered by voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels is necessary for SV fusion. However, extracellular Ca(2+) has also been shown to be required for endocytosis. The intracellular Ca(2+) levels (<1 microM) that trigger endocytosis are typically much lower than those (>10 microM) needed to induce exocytosis, and endocytosis is inhibited when the Ca(2+) level exceeds 1 microM. Here, we identify and characterize a transmembrane protein associated with SVs that, upon SV fusion, localizes at periactive zones. Loss of Flower results in impaired intracellular resting Ca(2+) levels and impaired endocytosis. Flower multimerizes and is able to form a channel to control Ca(2+) influx. We propose that Flower functions as a Ca(2+) channel to regulate synaptic endocytosis and hence couples exo- with endocytosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium Channels/analysis ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/analysis ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Exocytosis ; Protein Isoforms/analysis ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Synaptic Vesicles/chemistry ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calcium Channels ; Drosophila Proteins ; Protein Isoforms ; fwe protein, Drosophila
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.033
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